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C A WILLIAMS

Publications and source records attributed to C A WILLIAMS.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1963

PLASMA PROTEIN FORMATION IN VITRO BY TISSUES FROM MICE INFECTED WITH STAPHYLOCOCCI.

Isotopic labeling of plasma proteins in vitro by tissues from staphylococcal-infected and control mice was examined, using autoradiography of immunoelectrophoretic patterns. The results indicate that in infected animals there is hyperactivity of liver tissue in producing albumin, alpha- and beta-globulins, and of spleen tissue in producing immune globulins. The observed increase in labeling of some proteins by tissues from infected mice is to a large extent correlated with an increase of these proteins in the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Changes produced in mouse plasma proteins by acute bacterial infections.

The immunoelectrophoretic patterns of plasma proteins from mice are altered significantly by acute infections. Some proteins are dissociated into two or more components, some showed striking increase in plasma concentration, others are depleted, and certain ones appear which are undetectable in normal samples. beta(1)-C dissociated into two electrophoretic components under a variety of conditions in addition to infections. Endotoxins and killed organisms in vivo, and specific precipitate absorption, heat and aging in vitro produced this change. Endotoxins injected into mice also induced a rise in haptoglobin though not as sharply or predictably as acute infection. Preliminary results with samples from hospital patients with acute diseases are discussed. It was concluded that study of experimental diseases in laboratory animals by these techniques could provide a fruitful basis for the investigation of the plasma protein changes in similar human diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Studies on fractions of methanol extracts of tubercle bacilli. II. Toxic and allergenic properties of fractions employed as antituberculous vaccine.

Fractions of methanol extract which had been previously demonstrated to increase the resistance of mice to experimental tuberculosis have been subjected to an examination of their toxic and allergenic properties. The criteria for toxicity were: (a) production of inflammatory skin reactions in guinea pigs; (b) induction of weight loss in mice by intraperitoneal injection; and (c) depression of resistance to staphylococcus infections in mice. Allergenicity of a preparation was investigated by (a) its ability to evoke a hypersensitive skin response in guinea pigs previously sensitized with whole tubercle bacilli; and (b) its capacity to induce hypersensitivity to one or more of its components when injected under appropriate conditions into guinea pigs. Fraction F I, a preparation precipitated from methanol extract by slow concentration at 45 degrees C., was found to possess some toxicity and some allergenicity by all of the criteria employed. Subfraction F I-P, precipitated from aqueous suspensions of F I by 33 per cent ethanol and 0.5 per cent NaCl, was apparently the F I component responsible for these activities. The saline-ethanol-soluble subfraction, F I-S, was neither toxic nor allergenic by the tests performed. These findings were considered of particular interest inasmuch as F I-S, despite its small yield, had been shown earlier to be the most active single substance used as vaccine to increase resistance to experimental tuberculosis in mice.

Allergens↗
PubMed1959

Studies on fractions of methanol extracts of tubercle bacilli. I. Fractions which increase resistance to infection.

Fractionation procedures yielding partially purified vaccine preparations from a 60 degrees C. methanol extract of tubercle bacilli have been described. Some of the preparations have the characteristics of lipopolysaccharides. Certain ones have been found capable of increasing resistance to experimental tuberculosis in albino mice of the Rockefeller Swiss strain. The levels of resistance elicited by these preparations are equivalent to those following vaccination with BCG (Phipps) in this strain of mice as reported by other authors. The admixture of two of the crude fractions in amounts as small as 0.05 mg. each per dose per mouse affords an even greater increase in resistance. Neither of these substances alone in larger doses can approach this degree of efficacy in mouse protection experiments. The protective activity appears to involve the stimulation of two supplementary mechanisms, one providing a peak resistance between 1 and 3 weeks post vaccination but falling off to a lower level thereafter, the other not responding fully until approximately 6 weeks but continuing undiminished through a 12 week post-vaccination period. The first of these peaks corresponds to an increase in resistance against staphylococci as well as tubercle bacilli. The possibility that the term "broad specificity," rather than "non-specificity," might best describe this phenomenon permits the implication of classical immune mechanisms.

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