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C A Zaror

Publications and source records attributed to C A Zaror.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ozonation of benzothiazole saturated-activated carbons: influence of carbon chemical surface properties.

The combined or sequential use of ozone and activated carbon to treat toxic effluents has increased in recent years. However, little is known about the influence of carbon surface active sites on ozonation of organic adsorbed pollutants. This paper presents experimental results on the effect of metal oxides and oxygenated surface groups on gaseous ozonation of spent activated carbons. Benzothiazole (BT) was selected as a target organic compound in this study due to its environmental concern. Activated carbons with different chemical surface composition were prepared from a Filtrasorb-400 activated carbon. Pre-treatment included: ozonation, demineralisation, and deoxygenation of activated carbon. Ozonation experiments of BT saturated-activated carbons were conducted in a fixed bed reactor loaded with 2 g of carbon samples. The reactor was fed with an O2/O3 gas mixture (2 dm3/min, 5 g O3/h), for a given exposure time, in the range 10-120 min, at 298 K and 1 atm. Results show that extended gaseous ozonation of activated carbon saturated with BT led to the effective destruction of the adsorbate by oxidation reactions. Oxidation of BT adsorbed on activated carbon seemed to occur via both direct reaction with ozone molecules, and by oxygen radical species generated by catalytic ozone decomposition on metallic surface sites.

Benzothiazoles↗
PubMed2005

Advanced treatment of benzothiazole contaminated waters: comparison of O3, AC, and O3/AC processes.

Benzothiazole (BT) is a toxic and poorly biodegradable contaminant, usually found in wastewater from rubber related applications. This compound could be effectively eliminated using advanced treatment processes. This paper compares experimental results on detoxification systems based on ozone oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, and simultaneous adsorption-oxidation using ozone in the presence of activated carbon. The effect of pH (2-11), and the presence of radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol and sodium carbonate) on process rates and removal efficiencies are assessed at laboratory scale. The experimental system consisted of a 1 L differential circular flow reactor and an ozone generator rated at 5 g O3/h. Results show that ozone oxidation combined with activated carbon adsorption increases the overall BT oxidation rate with respect to the ozonation process and activated carbon adsorption. In the presence of free radical scavenger, only a 44% reduction in BT removal rate is observed in the simultaneous treatment, as compared with 72% when ozonation treatment is used, suggesting that BT oxidation reactions mainly take place on the activated carbon surface.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2003

Kinetic study of reactions between ozone and benzothiazole in water.

Benzothiazoles are frequently present in wastewater from rubber related applications, and may be found in surface and underground water bodies causing significant environmental impact. Cost effective treatment processes to deal with such contaminants are needed in both small and large-scale applications. These compounds are poorly biodegradable and could be removed by ozone oxidation before discharge to recipient water courses. Unfortunately, there is limited experimental data reported in the literature on such processes involving benzothiazoles. This article presents experimental data on ozone treatment of benzothiazole (BT), with a view to process design. The effects of pH and radical scavengers on process rate and removal efficiency were assessed at bench scale. Experimental results show that BT could be effectively removed using ozonisation, particularly at pH above 4. The presence of free radical scavengers drastically reduced the BT removal rate even at very low concentrations. Both direct and indirect reactions between ozone and BT were adequately described by second order kinetic schemes, with rate constants estimated at 20 degrees C: kD = 2.3 mol l(-1) s(-1) and kI = 6 x 10(9) mol l(-1) s(-1), respectively. The free radical mechanism accounted for 83-96% of BT removal rate within the pH range 2-9, at 20 degrees C.

Free Radical Scavengers↗
PubMed2002

Chromate reduction in Serratia marcescens isolated from tannery effluent and potential application for bioremediation of chromate pollution.

Pollution of aquatic systems by heavy metals has resulted in increasing environmental concern because they cannot be biodegraded. One metal that gives reason for concern due to its toxicity is chromium. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) are the principal forms of chromium found in natural waters. A chromate-resistant strain of the bacterium S. marcescens was isolated from tannery effluent. The strain was able to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and about 80% of chromate was removed from the medium. The reduction seems to occur on the cell surface. Transmission electron microscopic examination of cells revealed that particles were deposited on the outside of bacterial cells. A stable biofilm was formed in less than 10 h, reaching around 1010 cfu attached per milligram of activated carbon. These findings demonstrate that immobilized S. marcescens might be used in industrial waste treatment processes.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1993

Adsorption of Kluyveromyces marxianus pectinase on CM-Sephadex gels.

New results are presented on the equilibria and kinetics of the ion exchange onto CM-Sephadex of polygalacturonase (pectinase) produced by the fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus. It is found that the equilibrium behavior follows the form of the Langmuir isotherm; the equilibrium is strongly affected by pH. High partitioning onto the ion-exchange matrix, with good retention of enzyme activity, is achieved in the pH range 3.5-5.0, and this can be qualitatively explained in terms of simple models for protein adsorption by ion exchange. The kinetics of ion exchange is modeled by assuming that the transfer resistances can be lumped into a single coefficient, and the results show that this gives a reasonable description of the adsorption kinetics. Under optimum conditions protein adsorption is enhanced by electrostatic effects and is extremely fast, and it is suggested that in these circumstances external mass transfer resistance is significant. At pH values close to the isoelectric point, electrostatic interactions are weak and intraparticle diffusion is rate-limiting: pore-blocking by adsorbed proteins appears to be important under these conditions. The results also provide the basis for an efficient single-step purification scheme.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mathematical modelling and simulation of aqueous two-phase continuous protein extraction.

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the continuous, steady-state operation of an aqueous two-phase system for protein extraction. The model is based on steady-state mass balances of the main components and phase equilibrium data. Experimental data on the separation of thaumatin from contaminant proteins of an homogenate of E. coli in a PEG4000/Phosphate system was used. The data shows the effect of the presence and absence of NaCl which was used to carry out the extraction of thaumatin into the PEG phase and back into the PO4(-3) phase. Simulation results showing the sensitivity to key process parameters, and the effect of process variables on performance are presented and discussed. The model can be used to predict performance and thus 'robustness' of process conditions as well as predict protein recovery yield and purity. This model can also be used to implement a suitable control strategy to maintain process stability.

Bacterial Proteins↗