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C Adam

Publications and source records attributed to C Adam.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An estimate on the frequency of duplicated haplotypes and silent alleles of human C4 protein polymorphism. I. Investigations in healthy Caucasoid families.

The frequency of duplicated and non-expressed C4 alleles was determined by segregation analysis in 31 German and five French families with altogether 274 individuals by submitting the complete data from C4 protein phenotyping, including C4 beta chains, and the other classical MHC markers to the family analysis programme (FAP). From 120 unrelated German haplotypes the following frequencies were derived for silent alleles: C4A*Q0 0.2000, C4B*Q0 0.2083, and for the total of homo- and heteroduplicated C4A resp. C4B alleles: C4"DA"* 0.1333, C4"DB"* 0.1000. The true occurrence of the duplicated C4A*2, "DB*21" haplotype, first observed in French families, was found to be 0.0250 in the German sample. While the frequency of duplicated C4 haplotypes confirms earlier estimates, the increase in the frequency of silent alleles corresponds to those assumed from investigations at the DNA level. The results demonstrate classical protein typing with inclusion of C4 beta chain types to be an indispensable and powerful tool for haplotype recognition; they support the hypothesis that deletion at one C4 locus is accompanied by duplication at the other in a majority of haplotypes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

[Dengue 2 in eastern Senegal: serologic survey in simian and human populations. 1974-85].

After the previously reported isolations of dengue 2 virus in eastern Senegal in 1974 and 1981-1982, a retrospective serological study on simian and human populations was carried out in the same area. We investigated 1,095 simian sera collected at regular intervals between 1974 and 1984 from wild caught monkeys and 1,783 human sera from young children less than 11 years old collected during punctual surveys after the rainy season from 1976 to 1985. Sera were tested using HAI test, CF test and for someone's ELISA for specific IgM antibodies. Serological data from monkeys corroborated the virus isolations and demonstrated the existence of two epizootics in 1974-1975 and 1981-1982. No CF antibodies were detected in children sera up to 1981 epizootic when about 11% of tested sera showed a probable infection by dengue 2 virus, no clinical dengue infections were notified by the medical staff. After 1982, serological results showed that the virus maintained in the same area until 1985. The mechanism of the circulation of dengue 2 virus in eastern Senegal is discussed on the basis of these serological results.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gram-negative bacilli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins: beta-lactamase characterization and susceptibility to Sch 34343.

We studied 192 recent clinical isolates, comprising six species of Gram-negative bacilli resistant either to cefotaxime or latamoxef (Moxalactam), from several hospitals. All isolates were resistant to several other third-generation cephalosporins or a monobactam. Two to five types of chromosomal beta-lactamases, as defined by isoelectric focusing, were readily identified in each species. Isolates of Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia produced higher levels of chromosomal beta-lactamase than corresponding cefotaxime-susceptible strains. In addition, 20 of 57 produced one or two plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, TEM-1, OXA-2, or a novel enzyme, OHIO-1. The penem and carbapenem antibiotics, Sch 34343 and imipenem, were more active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, latamoxef and aztreonam against isolates of Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Ent. aerogenes, Ent. cloacae and Morganella, whereas imipenem, ceftazidime, and aztreonam were more active against Serratia isolates. The addition of plasmid-determined beta-lactamase increased resistance to piperacillin, cefoperazone and cefamandole but not to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, latamoxef, aztreonam, Sch 34343, or imipenem. Of 24 strains susceptible to aminoglycosides, none produced a plasmid-determined beta-lactamase, whereas 20 were found among the 33 strains resistant to aminoglycosides. Resistance of clinical isolates to newer beta-lactams appears to be due primarily to a high level of chromosomal cephalosporinase present without inducing agents. The plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, TEM-1 and OHIO-1, contributed little to resistance to most of the newer beta-lactams but were strongly associated with aminoglycoside resistance in these selected isolates. The greater in-vitro efficacy of the penem and carbapenem antibiotics, Sch 34343 and imipenem, against most of these isolates makes them promising candidates as first line agents against these pathogens.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Sch 34343.

The in-vitro activity (as measured by geometric mean MICs, mg/l) of Sch 34343 against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was compared with that of 14 other selected beta-lactam antibiotics including aztreonam, latamoxef (moxalactam), ceftazidime and imipenem. Sch 34343 had good activity (less than 2 mg/l) against most Gram-negative aerobic bacteria whether or not they contained high levels of plasmid-mediated or chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. It was slightly less potent against strains of Morganella and Serratia (less than 4 mg/l) and inactive against Pseudomonas (greater than 64 mg/l). A very small inoculum effect was observed against strains containing beta-lactamases indicating stability. Unlike the third-generation cephalosporins, Sch 34343 had excellent activity (less than or equal to 0.18 mg/l) against staphylococci, comparable to that of imipenem and ampicillin. While Sch 34343 had equally good potency (0.17 mg/l) against penicillinase-positive staphylococci, it was inactive against methicillin-resistant staphylococci (greater than or equal to 35 mg/l). Sch 34343 also had good activity against streptococci. The most unusual aspect of the in-vitro activity was its activity against Bacteroides (including Bact. fragilis) and other anaerobes. Sch 34343 had mean MICs less than or equal to mg/l for all Bacteroides and Clostridium spp. tested except CI. difficile (3.4 mg/l).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with standard tests used to detect yellow fever virus antibodies.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies to yellow fever virus in 110 sera from patients living in an epidemic yellow fever area. The results were then compared with those obtained with the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), complement-fixation (CF), neutralization (NT), and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) tests. This ELISA, which used a type-specific antigen, showed the same results as the NT test and was found to be more sensitive and more specific than the HI and CF tests.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Circulating immune complexes and severe sepsis: duration of infection as the main determinant.

The relation between the duration of bacterial infection and circulating immune complexes (CIC) level was evaluated using the C1q binding assay in a group of patients with well defined clinical sepsis. Fifty-four patients with endocarditis and 35 with post-open heart surgery mediastinitis were prospectively studied over a period of 2 years. CIC were detected in 42% of patients studied. Interindividual variations were observed but it was found that the level of CIC increased statistically with time (P less than 0.001). CIC were statistically linked with cryoglobulinemia (P less than 0.001), rheumatoid factor (P less than 0.001) and a decreased CH50 (P less than 0.05). CIC were more frequent in patients with endocarditis (53%) than in patients with mediastinitis (24%). However, when the duration of the infection was taken into account the difference was no longer significant. No relation could be evidenced between the incidence of CIC and clinical symptoms including prognosis and renal signs. In our experience, determination of CIC does not have a critical clinical value.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Hemin treatment in a case of porphyria variegata].

Hemin is known as an interesting drug in the treatment of acute attacks of porphyria: this was verified in a case of porphyria variegata. Furthermore, bimestrial perfusion of 500 mg of hemin prevented new biological and clinical deterioration. If confirmed, this schedule would represent a major progress in the management of porphyria variegata.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Immune complexes and complement in leprosy (author's transl)].

The sera of 87 Senegalese patients with various forms of leprosy were investigated. Two of the most reliable methods were used to detect circulating immune complexes : the radiolabelled C1q binding test and the Raji cell binding technique. Several fractions of complement, including C3, C4, factor B and the C3d product of C3 were also assayed. A material having the properties of immune complexes was detected in lepromatous and reactional leprosy. In tuberculous leprosy, only the Raji cell binding technique gave positive results. C3 and C4 were normal or slightly raised, but C3d was increased in all forms of the disease. There was no significant correlation between C3d values and the results of immune complexes detection tests.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Cryoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, and complement activation in cerebral malaria.

A total of 32 patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were studied. Of these, 23 had benign infections, and 9 had typical cerebral malaria. Cryoglobulins, circulating immune complexes detected by a C1q-binding assay, and hypocomplementemia were found in eight of nine patients with cerebral malaria. Raised levels of complement component 3 breakdown products (C3d) were found in the seven patients tested. Peak levels of circulating immune complexes and C3d were associated with thrombocytopenia. In contrast, in patients with benign Plasmodium falciparum malaria, cryoglobulins and circulating immune complexes were found only in 3 of 23 patients. Similarly, hypocomplementemia was detected only in 5 of 23 patients. These observations suggest that the intensity of the immune response and of the associated complement activation may be important factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Circulating immune complexes and complement levels in hemophilic children.

Immune complexes and complement levels were assayed in sera from a group of 69 hemophilic children. Using the Raji cell radioimmune assay and the C1q binding assay, abnormally high levels of circulating immune complexes were rarely found in the group of hemophiliacs which did not differ statistically from the control population. These results do not exclude the presence of low and transient levels of immune complexes in the circulation, but indicate that hemophiliacs are not exposed to increased immune complex loads similar to those found in immune complex diseases. By contrast frequent abnormalities of the complement system were found. Complement levels were elevated in a large percentage of patients, reaching statistical significance for C3, C4, C5, Factor B and Properdin. Levels of the C3 breakdown product C3d were significantly raised suggesting intravascular complement activation. The significance of these abnormalities is discussed in relation to perfusion of Factor VIII preparations.

Adolescent↗