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Biomedical subjects

C Allgulander

Publications and source records attributed to C Allgulander.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Clinical significance of abnormal heterogeneity of transferrin in relation to alcohol consumption.

An abnormal microheterogeneous component of serum transferrin, with a higher isoelectric point than the normal main component, was studied by means of isoelectric focusing and direct immunofixation in 98 alcoholic patients, 22 patients with liver diseases and 100 controls. Its relation to acute and prolonged ethanol intake was studied in healthy volunteers. The abnormal transferrin component was found to be a sensitive indicator of prolonged, high alcohol ingestion, and was observed in 81% of patients with an admitted consumption of more than 60 g ethanol/day, and normalized after at least 10 days of abstinence. It occurred in 1% of the controls and in none of the cases with liver diseases without current alcohol abuse. There is evidence of a reduced sialic acid content in the abnormal transferrin. No similar change has been found in a number of other glycoproteins. This test may be a useful and sensitive tool for the detection of chronic alcohol consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Abnormal microheterogeneity of transferrin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in alcoholism.

The serum and CSF proteins were analyzed by isoelectric focusing in 16 male alcoholics after alcohol intoxication and after 10--14 days of alcohol abstinence. An abnormally marked protein band with pI 5.7 was found in serum in 15 patients and in CSF in 12 at the first examination. On crossed immunoelectrofocusing it appeared as an increased, cathodal, microheterogeneous molecular form of transferrin. The abnormality was reversible and decreased or normalized in serum in all cases after abstinence. In 6 patients with clinical signs of cerebellar degeneration, an abnormal microheterogeneous pattern of CSF transferrin of partly different appearance to that in serum remained after abstinence. Disturbed liver synthesis of transferrin is a probable origin of the serum finding, which may be specifically related to alcohol abuse. Substitution or loss of acidic amino acids and/or decreased iron binding ability are possible structural explanations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antecedents of neurosis in a cohort of 30,344 twins in Sweden.

We analyzed questionnaire survey responses in a cohort of 30,344 twins in Sweden, 280 of whom became inpatients due to neurosis within the subsequent 10 years. As a group, they differed substantially in their reported health profile from the survey responders who were not admitted for psychiatric treatment. When subclassified into anxiety, depressive, and other neuroses, these were indistinguishable from each other regarding self-perceived health and personality traits. Women were more likely to be hospitalized for neurosis. These mental and social antecedents for both anxiety and depression are in keeping with the concept of a shared diathesis which is supported by neurophysiological, treatment and genetic epidemiological studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Causes of death among 936 elderly patients with 'pure' anxiety neurosis in Stockholm County, Sweden, and in patients with depressive neurosis or both diagnoses.

The survival probability and distribution of causes of death were estimated among all 255 male and 685 female inpatients with "pure" anxiety neurosis in Stockholm County between 1969 and 1986 who had survived until 71 years of age. When controlling for sex, age, time period, and catchment area, we found three determined suicides among the men (v 0.8 expected) and four suicides among the women (v 1.1 expected). The shift in the distribution of causes of death was significant in women (P = .024). There were 55 heart deaths among the men versus 46.1 expected. Among 2,331 patients with depressive neurosis and among 1,641 patients with both anxiety and depressive neuroses, suicides were more common than expected in both elderly men and women.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric diagnoses and perceived health problems in a sample of working Swedes treated with psychoactive medications.

Findings of formal and subjective mental health problems among Swedish employees are presented as well as reviews of current Swedish policies on substance abuse and drug screening in the workplace. The focus is on the potential violation of medical confidentiality for employees with legitimate psychoactive drug medications and the lack of evidence linking the detection of various substances with impaired work performance. Data are drawn from a study of a sample of working Swedes, which revealed that approximately 3% reported taking psychoactive medications regularly. This was correlated with increases in long-term sick leave, periods of unemployment, and frequent job changes by both sexes. These workers also scored high for neuroticism, and had high rates of inpatient psychiatric treatment and suicide. With these high rates of formal mental health problems among employees who self-medicate with psychoactive drugs, discriminatory personnel management, including drug screening, jeopardizes confidentiality of treatment and civil rights.

Environment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regular hypnotic drug treatment in a sample of 32,679 Swedes: associations with somatic and mental health, inpatient psychiatric diagnoses and suicide, derived with automated record-linkage.

We studied Swedish survey responders who reported regular treatment with hypnotic drugs, to find associations to perceived health problems, inpatient psychiatric diagnoses, and subsequent suicide. Among 32,679 sampled Swedes, 26,952 (83%) participated, 500 of which (2%) reported regular hypnotic drug treatment. The rate of treatment was higher in women, and increased by age in both sexes. The major findings were high odds of concurrent psychoactive drug treatments, nervous symptoms and insomnia, as well as high rates of circulatory and musculoskeletal conditions in both sexes, with indicators of disability and sleep-disturbing symptoms. During a 15-year period, 35% of the men and 21% of the women who reported regular hypnotic drug treatment had also been admitted to inpatient psychiatric care. Substance abuse was diagnosed in 20% of the men and 4.3% of the women reporting hypnotic drug treatment. In multiple logistic regression models, the highest odds for regular hypnotic drug treatment were incurred by recent/current insomnia, nervous symptoms, and other psychoactive drug treatment. We conclude that therapy was principally given according to some current peer guidelines. Yet, further research is needed into the risk/benefit ratio of sustained hypnotic drug therapy in patients with qualifying somatic and psychiatric disorders to obtain a more uniformly based consensus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rosaramicin and tetracycline treatment in Chlamydia trachomatis-positive and -negative nongonococcal urethritis.

Rosaramicin, a new macrolide antibiotic, is active in vitro against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Its efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated nongonococcal urethritis was evaluated in 78 men. There were two parallel groups, one receiving rosaramicin and the other receiving tetracycline (dosage of either drug, 250 mg four times daily for seven days); all data were evaluated blindly. The follow-up period was six weeks. C. trachomatis was eliminated from all of 21 patients receiving rosaramicin and from 25 of 26 patients receiving tetracycline. C. trachomatis-negative patients responded clinically to both treatments. The results suggest that these two antibiotics yield similar clinical outcomes in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis in adult men.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frusemide pharmacokinetics in patients with liver disease.

Frusemide 80mg was administered intravenously to 10 patients with alcoholic liver disease (fatty liver and Laemnec's cirrhosis). Protein binding was correlated with serum albumin concentrations (r = 0.860, p < 0.001). The apparent volume of distribution ranged between 180 and 1206ml/kg body weight and correlated with the serum albumin concentration (r = 0.710, p < 0.05) and the fraction of unbound drug (r = 0.758, p < 0.05). This fraction was 1.9 +/- 0.2% in controls and 3.1 +/- 0.9% in patients with cirrhosis (p < 0.01). Plasma half-life of frusemide varied 7-fold, between 0.60 and 4.27h, and was prolonged substantially in some patients compared with values in normal subjects. There was a highly significant correlation between the apparent volume of distribution and plasma half-life of frusemide (r = 0.938, p < 0.001). Frusemide was eliminated via both renal and non-renal mechanisms in all but 2 patients, who had advanced cirrhosis and eliminated the drug almost exclusively though the kidneys. The apparent volume of distribution was increased proportionally more than the decrease in protein binding explaining in part why higher doses of frusemide are needed in patients with liver disease to obtain the same response as in healthy subjects.

Aged↗