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Biomedical subjects

C Alvisi

Publications and source records attributed to C Alvisi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Helicobacter pylori and gastro-duodenal pathology].

Helicobacter Pylori (HP) were found in 878 (73%) of 1205 patients undergoing upper G-I endoscopy with multiple biopsies for gastroduodenal diseases. HP were present in similar percentages among patients with active (89%) or healed (81%) peptic ulcer as well as in non ulcerous dyspeptics affected with gastritis (85%). 96% of active chronic gastritis were infected by HP as compared with 55% of quiescent gastritis. Antral gastritis was more frequently active in patients with ulcer diseases (76%) than in dyspeptic and asyntomatic patients (50%). Healed gastric and duodenal ulcers showed decreased incidence of active antral gastritis (69) as compared with active ulcers. Conversely body gastritis was more frequently active in healed (37%) than in overt (18%) duodenal ulcers. 95 histologically normal stomachs as well as 9 cases exhibiting type A gastritis were devoid of HP. High rates of infection were found in 610 cases of chronic gastritis without atrophy as well as in 151 atrophic antral (type B) gastritis. Cytoplasmic vacuolization and swelling of foveolar-superficial cells with adhering bacteria, micropapillae and microerosions were commonly found in HP-infected mucosa. In 16 of 19 children with type B chronic gastritis antibacterial therapy eradicated HP. This was followed by resolution or striking improvement of gastritis and disappearance of epithelial lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the principal factors which influence cerebral circulation and intracranial cerebrospinal fluid dynamics].

Cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure dynamics are affected by two main factors. A first factor is represented by the action of cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms (controls of cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow). Furthermore, intracranial circulation occurs within a rigid space, whose volume must, therefore, remain constant. This second factor explains the presence of a brain volume control, in order to maintain a normal value of intracranial pressure. The mean intracranial pressure value is mainly affected by the pressure-volume characteristic of the intracranial compartment, by the mean cerebral blood volume and by cerebrospinal fluid production and reabsorption processes. On the contrary, the pulsating intracranial pressure component is mainly affected by the intracranial pressure volume relationship and by cerebrovascular compliance; this last, in its turn, is modified by the action of regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the relationship occurring between cerebral hemodynamics, cerebrospinal fluid kinetics and intracranial pressure can be achieved with the aid of mathematical models. In particular, mathematical modelling allows the way intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow are related to the main physical parameters of the intracranial compartment to be pointed out. Moreover, with a mathematical model it is possible to discriminate between the great number of different factors which act simultaneously "in vivo" on the cerebrovascular bed.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term evaluation of cervical spine disorders following laminectomy.

The Authors report the results obtained by long-term clinical and radiological evaluation of patients who had undergone cervical multiple bilateral laminectomy to relieve the compression exerted on the cord by different diseases (spondylarthrosis, syringohydromyelia, intramedullary and extramedullary tumours, leptomeningeal cysts and extradural tumours). 98 patients were reviewed, the follow-up ranging from 8 to 24 years (mean 14 years). The results demonstrate that the most severe post-laminectomy changes are recorded in patients with intramedullary lesions and when middle-low cervical spine levels (C4-C7) are affected. The significance of spinal deformities such as kyphosis, spondylolisthesis and swan-neck is also discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The surgical treatment of congenital hydrocephalus.

The Authors discuss the incidence, the etiology, the pathology and the pathophysiology of congenital hydrocephalus. Furthermore, the problems of intrauterine surgical procedures are in particular discussed. On the light of the experimental and clinical results the Authors believe that the shunting fetal procedures should be considered anything but experimental and, therefore, subject to rigorous limitations. The results of the postnatal surgical procedures in congenital hydrocephalus are also discussed. Owing to the fact that early treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns seems to obtain the most satisfactory results, particular regard is reserved to that diagnostic techniques which could allow to recognize the right and early moment for surgical intervention, such as transfontanelle Doppler ultrasound examination.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The control mechanisms activated by experimental intracranial hemodynamics changes.

The Authors describe an experimental model (rat) performed in order to evaluate the cerebrovascular changes which occur following the venous outflow impedance increase. This increase was obtained by bilateral occlusion of the external jugular veins at the neck. The rat was chosen because its intracranial and extracranial circulation is very similar to the human one, thus allowing the recording of blood flow velocity changes in the common carotid artery by means of a noninvasive technique such as Doppler ultrasound. Ligature of both the external jugular veins, performed on 35 rats, produced a decrease of common carotid artery blood flow velocity in 2/3 of the animals. The remaining 1/3 presented increased common carotid velocity. These changes were recorded within 15 minutes after ligation of the veins. On the contrary, the epidural pressure, measured in 6 cases, showed a constant increase. The results demonstrate that the different patterns of CBF and EDP do not permit univocal interpretation of the cerebrovascular reactivity control mechanisms, that is, myogenic, metabolic or neurogenic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidural pressure measurement in the rat.

An original device for the epidural pressure measurement in the rat is presented. The reliability of epidural pressure as an index of intracranial pressure is discussed and several possible causes of error are examined. The device has been tested under conditions both of transient and prolonged cerebral blood volume increase, obtained by venous outflow obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic appearance of the mega cisterna magna in the newborn.

The mega cisterna magna is a congenital developmental malformation which in the majority of instances is symptomless and does not require further study or surgical treatment. However, differential diagnosis with other cerebellar diseases is often necessary especially in newborn infants. Ultrasonographic recognition of the mega cisterna magna in a newborn infant is reported. The reported case demonstrates the usefulness of the ultrasonographic technique in the study of the posterior cranial fossa abnormalities of newborn infants.

Cisterna Magna↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsurgical repair of small nerves. Experimental study of regenerative processes.

The Authors describe an experimental study of regenerative processes of small nerves after microsurgical repair. The results obtained indicate that: the carefully cleaning up the operative fields is necessary; putting strain on the two stumps as well as over-tight stitches must be avoided; the perfectly positioning stumps, without their misalignment, is mandatory.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) therapy in pathologies of neurosurgical competence.

The Authors, after giving some theoretical and pharmacodynamic opinions on GABA, report their clinical experience for 18 consecutive years with the use of gamma-aminobutyric acid in cases of central comas, psycho-organic post-operative syndromes, Parkinson's Disease. The drug, in the various above listed pathologies, shows respectively a wakening effect, with actual rising of the level of consciousness, a re-equilibrating action towards psycho-organic involutions, especially acute ones, and a considerable antiakinetic activity. After analyzing the original results obtained, considered especially in the light of the most modern researches on the importance of GABA-ergic mediation on the basal ganglia, some interesting neurofunctional hypotheses are put forward, which are connected with the problem of nervous conduction in human pathology. According to said hypotheses the aminoacid works clinically, owing to its role of inhibiting mediator (rather than of oxidable substrata), and is involved in extrapyramidal nigro-striatal lesions.

Aged↗