PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Andre

Publications and source records attributed to C Andre.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison between lactulose-mannitol test and 51Cr-labelled ethylene diamine tetra-acetate test in inflammatory bowel diseases.

A direct comparison was made between mannitol-lactulose and EDTA tests in 10 control subjects and in 9 and 19 patients suffering, respectively, from ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The markers were orally administered in a random order and urinary recoveries were measured. At group level, significant differences were only observed in EDTA test results between control subjects and Crohn's disease patients. At the individual level, these tests exhibited poor sensitivity in ulcerative colitis, both in the inactive and active forms of the disease. In contrast, in patients suffering from Crohn's disease, the lactulose and EDTA recoveries and lactulose/mannitol ratios reached interesting figures, particularly in the EDTA 24-hr-test where 63% of the results were abnormal. This percentage climbed to 75% when active forms of the disease were selected. More interestingly, addition of abnormal results obtained with sugar and/or EDTA tests provided a significant increase in sensitivity with figures up to 90% in the entire group and 92% in patients with active forms of the disease. It is suggested that a) Neither the lactulose-mannitol test nor the EDTA test is useful in ulcerative colitis even in the active forms, b) in Crohn's disease, the sensitivity of the EDTA test is greater than that of the sugar test, c) a combination, in the same patient, of the EDTA and sugar tests is able to provide an interesting percentage of sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Benign hypertrophic gastritis associated with cytomegalovirus infection].

A new case of benign hypertrophic gastritis associated with cytomegalovirus infection in a 7 year-old boy is reported. The main symptoms were complete digestive intolerance and protein loss, resulting in major hypoalbuminemia and anasarca. The alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance was very increased. Diagnosis was established by upper gastrointestinal x-rays which displayed important thickening of the gastric rugae, and by endoscopic examination with biopsy. A cytomegalovirus infection attested by seroconversion and viruria probably played a role in its origin. Symptomatic treatment and albumin infusions led to recovery within one month. In the last 25 years, 31 cases of benign hypertrophic gastritis have been reported. Vomiting is the main symptom with abdominal pain and G-I bleeding. The protein loss is constant, often severe. In most cases, the disease recedes within a few weeks, unlike the adults' Ménétrier disease which proves to be chronic and severe. The cause remains unknown. In 11 cases, a cytomegalovirus infection was reported and, so, is probably not fortuitous.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Microscopic Wegener's disease: a particular form of Wegener's granulomatosis.

We describe a case of Wegener's granulomatosis in which the disease was manifested with crescentic glomerulonephritis, upper airway ulcerations, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with consumptive coagulopathy. No granuloma was identified but antibodies to cytoplasmic components of neutrophils were strongly positive with a diffuse pattern. Because microscopic vessels were predominantly involved (capillaritis), and granuloma were absent, were refer to this particular form of the disease as "microscopic Wegener's disease."

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Molecular analysis of glycophorin A and B gene structure and expression in homozygous Miltenberger class V (Mi. V) human erythrocytes.

In the Miltenberger class V (Mi. V) condition, red cells lack glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB) but carry instead an unusual glycoprotein thought to be a hybrid molecule produced by the unequal crossing-over between the closely linked genes encoding for GPA and GPB. By Western blot analysis with rabbit anti-GPA antibodies specific for discrete domains of GPA, it was found that the Mi. V glycoprotein (donor F. M.) contains approximately 60 amino acid residues of GPA at its N-terminus. As a preliminary approach to the molecular analysis of this variant the restriction maps of the GPA and GPB genes were established by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA and from genomic clones isolated from a human leukocyte library constructed in lambda EMBL4. The GPA and GPB genes cover about 30 kb of DNA and are organized into seven exons (A-1-A-7) and five exons (B-1-B-5), respectively. In addition to the normal genes, a third gene (named inv), closely resembling the GPA and GPB genes, was also identified. In the homozygous Mi. V individual the normal GPA and GPB genes were absent, but an unusual form of gene structure was detected by Southern blot analysis. The Mi. V glycoprotein gene was composed of exon B-1 of the GPB gene followed by exons A-2 and A-3 of the GPA gene and the exons B-3, B-4 and B-5 of the GPB gene. Exon B-1 can be distinguished from exon A-1 of GPA since it is located within a different restriction fragment, but both encode the same amino acid sequence (N-terminal region of the signal peptides). Using the polymerase chain reaction, the junction between exon A-3 and exon B-3 was confirmed by amplification of the DNA region where the putative crossing-over has occurred and it was deduced that the Mi. V glycoprotein is a hybrid molecule composed of amino acid residues 1-58 from GPA fused to amino acid residues 27-72 of GPB. In addition, the finding that part of the signal peptide and the 5'-untranslated region are derived from GPB suggests that the genetic background of the Mi. V variant is rather complex and may involve a cascade of recombination or gene conversion events.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocytic gastritis versus varioliform gastritis. A historical series revisited.

A historical series of varioliform gastritis published in 1978 by Lambert et al. (Digestion 1978; 17: 159-167) was revisited by two pathologists. The histological preparations from 35 patients were reread and interpreted in the light of endoscopic data found in the files. The results demonstrate a strict correlation between clinical diffuse varioliform gastritis and a recently recognized histopathological entity--lymphocytic gastritis, which is characterized by intense lymphocytic infiltration of the surface and foveolar epithelium. The rare discrepancies occur in Crohn's disease and in varioliform gastritis limited to part of the stomach, mostly the antrum.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1989

Influence of hyperlipidic food on the kinetics of slow-release formulations of theophylline.

A cross-over study of kinetics has been undertaken in 12 healthy adults volunteers using two sustained-release theophylline products that allow once a day dosing (Theo-Dur tablets and Dilatrane A.P. bead filled capsules) to compare the i.v. pharmacokinetic profiles when taken with an hyperlipidic meal and a balanced standard meal. Each subject took part in four phases in randomised order, corresponding to all possible combinations of the products and the types of meal. Each phase involved a single dose of 9 to 11 mg.kg-1 theophylline administered at 20.00 h, at the beginning of the meal, with 100 ml water. The two formulations were found to be bioequivalent with both types of meal. Taken with a balanced meal, the mean parameters were similar; for Theo-Dur and Dilatrane A.P. they were respectively: Cmax: 11.32 mg.l-1 which plateaued from 8 to 10 h after dosing and 10.9 mg.l-1, which plateaued after 6 to 10 h; AUC 230 mg.h.l-1 and 220 mg.h.l-1; and MRT 18.2 h and 17.7 h. After the hyperlipidic meal the values for Theo-Dur and Dilatrane A.P. respectively, were: Cmax 10.9 mg.l-1 at 12 h and 11.3 mg.l-1 at 10 h; AUC 237 mg.h.l-1 and 227 mg.h.l-1; and MRT 19.2 h and 18.9 h. In spite of a decrease in the absorption rate, which led to a shift to the right of about 2 h of the plasma concentration-time curve, the bioavailability of both formulations were not significantly modified by a hyperlipidic meal as compared to a balanced meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Significance of IGA antigliadin antibodies during primary glomerulonephritis with mesangial IGA deposits].

The association of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies and IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN) was first reported in 1987 (Am J Nephrol, 1987, 7, 178-183) and has since been confirmed by other groups. We have developed a second generation ELISA (alkaline phosphatase, biotin-avidin) and used it to test 45 adult IgA GN, 34 idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), 31 idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), and 11 idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPG) patients. IgA anti-gliadin antibodies were found in 24 IgA GN (53%), 1 MN (3%), 1 INS (3%), and 1 MGP (9%) patients. The presence of these antibodies in a patient with proteinuria strongly suggests IgA GN, with a sensitivity of 53%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 77%. The presence of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies in IgA GN did not necessarily indicate coeliac disease because: a) neither IgG nor IgA anti-reticulin nor IgA anti-endomysium antibodies were found; b) intestinal absorption tests (folates, EDTA) were normal; c) biopsies of the small intestine were normal; and d) a gluten-free diet did not alter the evolution of the disease. Immunochemical analysis (footprinting after separation of the gliadins by rocket electrophoresis) showed the variability of the fractions recognized by the IgA antibodies from patients and controls, in addition to the absence of a typical profile. Gliadin does not have a lectin effect, since mannan and mannose did not inhibit the ELISA. Immunofluorescent labeling of human kidney with purified rabbit IgG anti-gliadin antibodies did not reveal a common epitope shared by gliadin and renal structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of the lactulose-mannitol test in Crohn's disease.

The mannitol-lactulose intestinal permeability test was evaluated in 100 healthy controls and 47 patients with Crohn's disease. These patients were further separated into three subgroups of increased activity (Harvey-Bradshaw index) and in two subgroups, with elective colonic lesions and associated ileal and colonic lesions. Results were given as percentages of urinary recoveries for mannitol (M), lactulose (L), and L/M ratio. As a whole, patients with Crohn's disease have lower mean M and higher mean L and mean L/M ratios than controls. The magnitude of alterations in M, L, and L/M increased with activity. The sensitivity of the test, however, reached interesting figures (67%:L and 86%:L/M) only in subgroup III which was composed of relapsing patients. Mean M was lower in patients with associated ileal lesion but, whatever the criterion (M, L, or L/M), the test does not provide any clue for the detection of a possible infraclinical associated ileal localisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Antinuclear autoantibodies specific for lamins. Characterization and clinical significance.

In 11 patients, sera displaying a ringlike nuclear immunofluorescent staining on sections of rat liver tissue were shown by Western blotting to contain antibodies to lamins. Sera from 8 patients contained autoantibodies reacting with lamin B, whereas sera from the other 3 patients reacted with lamins A and C. All patients (9 women and 2 men) had a chronic autoimmune disorder, which rarely fulfilled the usual criteria for a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The disorder was characterized by acute or chronic (active or granulomatous) hepatitis; steroid-responsive blood cytopenia, often associated with a circulating anticoagulant, or anticardiolipin antibodies, or both; and cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis or probable brain vasculitis. Eight patients had at least two of these three conditions. Antilamin autoantibodies may thus be a marker for an unusual subset of autoimmune diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Autoantibodies to 200 kD polypeptide(s) of the nuclear envelope: a new serologic marker of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Fifty sera which gave ring-like nuclear staining in immunofluorescence on rat liver tissue sections were characterized. Using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting we showed that 10 of the sera contained antibodies to 200 kD polypeptide(s) of nuclear envelope. Clinical and biological data were available for nine of the patients. Strikingly, all of these patients suffered from primary biliary cirrhosis with eight of them having anti-mitochondrial antibodies. As no control serum displayed such a reactivity, anti-200 kD polypeptide(s) antibodies can be considered as a new marker specific of a subset of primary biliary cirrhosis, being present even when anti-mitochondrial antibodies are absent. The exact identity of the target remains to be established, since several polypeptides of similar molecular weight have been reported to belong to the nuclear envelope.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunologic mimicry by a monoclonal antibody of the tricyclic anti-depressants' binding site on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Inhibition constants of tricyclic anti-depressants and related drugs determined for a monoclonal anti-nortriptyline antibody were close to those previously calculated with the same compounds for the brain acetylcholine muscarinic receptor. A highly significant correlation was found between these two series of inhibition constants when no correlation existed between the inhibition constants for the antibody and those for other receptors. This suggests that the binding site for tricyclic anti-depressants on the antibody mimics the binding site for these ligands on muscarinic receptors. Although nortriptyline reveals a noncompetitive inhibition of N-methyl-scopolamine binding to muscarinic receptors, muscarinic ligands display weak or no binding to the antibody. These findings indicate that the binding site for tricyclic anti-depressants on the receptor is distinct from that for the muscarinic ligands.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of intestinal permeability to mannitol and lactulose as a means of diagnosing food allergy and evaluating therapeutic effectiveness of disodium cromoglycate.

Gastrointestinal permeability was evaluated in 90 fasting healthy subjects and 60 patients with food allergy by oral administration to both groups of 5 g of mannitol, a marker of absorption of small molecules, and 5 g of lactulose, a marker of abnormal absorption of large molecules, and subsequent measurement of urinary excretion of mannitol and lactulose. In healthy subjects, mean 5-hour urinary excretion of mannitol was 14.11% and of lactulose 0.26%. In the fasting state, the 60 patients with food allergy exhibited a mean urinary recovery of mannitol of 13.22%, not significantly different from that in healthy subjects. Mean recovery of lactulose in the patients with food allergy was 0.55%, significantly greater than in the healthy patients. After ingestion of food allergens by the patients, mean mannitol recovery fell to 11.57% and mean recovery of lactulose rose to 1.04%, both values being significantly different from those obtained in the fasting patients. On challenging the patients after they had taken sodium cromoglycate, mean mannitol and lactulose recoveries (13.53% and 0.62%, respectively) were not significantly different from those in fasting patients but were significantly different from those obtained on challenging patients unprotected by sodium cromoglycate. Evaluation of intestinal permeability in this way provides an objective means of diagnosing food allergy and assessing the effectiveness of anti-allergic agents such as sodium cromoglycate.

Cromolyn Sodium↗
PubMed1986

T-cell lymphoma revealed by a peripheral neuropathy. A report of two cases with an immunohistologic study on lymph node and nerve biopsies.

In two patients a peripheral neuropathy was the presenting symptom of a noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma. In the first patient, the neuropathy had a relapsing and remitting course, the symptoms improved under corticosteroid therapy. The second patient suffered from a relentless neuropathy. In both cases the lymphoma infiltrated the peroneal nerve with an angiocentric and perivascular pattern resembling that observed in central nervous system lymphomas. The characterization of T-cell subsets in the lymph node showed cells with the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype in the first case and a predominance of cells with the helper/inducer phenotype in the second case. In the nerve, lymphocytes beard the helper/inducer phenotype antigen. A typical paraneoplastic vasculitis of nerve showed clearly different immunologic features.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sjögren-like syndrome after drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.

7 of 9 patients recovering from a drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) which they had had 2 months to 4 years before had xerostomia, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or both. 5 patients had symptoms; 2 had severe visual impairment. In 5 cases there was lymphocytic infiltration of small salivary glands; in 2 patients this was identical to that of Sjögren syndrome. None of the patients had antinuclear antibody. TEN may occur during acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and these observations are reminiscent of the sicca syndromes reported during chronic GVHD. They suggest that autoimmune mechanisms may be involved in drug-induced TEN and that Sjögren syndrome may occur as the result of a drug reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Agonist mediated conformational changes of solubilized calf forebrain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Muscarinic receptors in calf forebrain membranes can be identified by the specific binding of the radiolabelled antagonist [3H]dexetimide. These receptors (2.8 pM/mg protein) comprise two non-interconvertible subpopulations with respectively high and low agonist affinity but with the same antagonist affinity. For all the agonists tested the low affinity sites represent 85 +/- 5% of the total receptor population. 0.5% Digitonin solubilized extracts contain 0.8 pM muscarinic receptor/mg protein. In contrast with the membranes, these extracts contain only sites with low agonist affinity. The alkylating reagent N-ethylmaleimide causes an increase of the acetylcholine affinity for the low affinity sites in membranes as well as for the solubilized sites. This effect is time dependent until a maximal 3-fold increase in affinity is attained. The rate of N-ethylmaleimide action is enhanced by the concomitant presence of agonists. In contrast, N-ethylmaleimide does not affect antagonist binding. This suggests that agonists mediate a conformational change of both the membrane bound low affinity muscarinic sites and of the solubilized sites, resulting in their increased susceptibility towards NEM alkylation.

Alkylation↗