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Biomedical subjects

C Andreoli

Publications and source records attributed to C Andreoli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The risk of breast cancer subsequent to histologic diagnosis of benign intraductal papilloma follow-up study of 339 cases.

The risk of developing breast cancer was investigated in 339 patients in whom histologically confirmed intraductal papilloma had been surgically removed. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years, (average, 6.62 years). Ten breast cancers were observed, whereas 3 were expected on the basis of age-specific incidence rates drawn from local cancer registries (relative risk = 3.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.60-6.13). No significant difference in the relative risk was observed as far as papilloma type (single or multiple) was concerned. All breast cancers observed occurred in the same breast as the papilloma. Women in whom a benign intraductal papilloma has been excised should be carefully followed since they at are higher risk for ipsilateral breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between chlorofluorocarbon chemical structure and their Salmonella mutagenicity.

This paper is a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the chemical structure and the Salmonella mutagenicity of a number of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). The molecules were characterized by both molecular orbital and physical chemical parameters. The results of the analysis indicated that the CFC mutagenicity is correlated with two parameters: the free energy of binding to biological receptors, and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Since these are the same factors that would favor the cytochrome P-450-catalyzed metabolism, it would appear that the CFC mutagenicity is determined more by the rate of initial activation than by the rate of DNA attack.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of metroplasty by Strassman's method and by Tomkins' method. Retrospective study of 30 years].

The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of metroplasty to improve gestational ability in the presence of uterine malformations. From the analysis of results, it is clear that this surgical operation is undoubtedly efficacious when performed in selected patients (earlier negative obstetric outcome). The comparison of the two techniques (Strassman vs Tompkins) confirms that the latter produced better results in this series of patients.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Tolerability of the synthetic retinoid Fenretinide (HPR).

Fenretinide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR), is a synthetic retinoid which has been proven effective in inducing cell differentiation and in inhibiting carcinogen induced mammary tumors in rodents. Because of its efficacy and low toxicity in animals, HPR has been proposed for chemopreventive evaluation in humans. Thus, a randomized trial has been conducted to select a dose which can be administered over a lengthy period of time and with acceptable toxicity. The retinoid was administered orally to patients already operated on for breast cancer in daily doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg for 6 months and subsequently at 200 mg for another 6 months. No acute toxicity was found. Dermatological toxicity was minimal and no liver function abnormalities were observed. Nausea and headaches were infrequent and always mild. Menstrual irregularities were recorded with similar frequency in the treatment and placebo groups and appeared to be more age related than drug dependent. After 6 months of treatment one of 25 patients taking 300 mg HPR daily experienced impaired night vision, confirmed by the electroretinogram, and resolved by interruption of treatment. Because the 300 mg daily dose is possibly associated with impaired dark adaptation, the recommended dose for chemoprevention trials of HPR is 200 mg per day.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Chest X-ray survey in the follow-up of breast cancer patients.

The authors report on 182 cases of intrathoracic metastases (ITM = lung, pleura or mediastinum) observed as first single recurrences in the course of the follow-up of patients treated for primary breast cancer. ITM were detected on standard two-views chest X-ray (CXR) at regular follow-up visits and in absence of subjective symptoms (102 A cases) or in the interval between two consecutive planned controls because of the onset of subjective symptoms (80 S cases). The average disease-free interval since primary treatment was significantly shorter in A with respect to S cases (40.3 vs. 28.5 months, P less than 0.001) as a consequence of the early detection achieved by CXR survey. On the contrary, prognosis was not influenced by ITM early diagnosis as the 10-year survival since primary treatment did not differ significantly between A or S cases (12% vs. 10%, P = 0.68). Results were confirmed on multivariate (Cox's) analysis, adjusting for potential confounders such as age or nodal status. Periodic CXR survey looks a very questionable policy as it does not seem to have any favourable impact on prognosis. Its routine use in breast cancer patients should thus be carefully reconsidered.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interrelationships among carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, acute toxicity, and chemical structure in a genotoxicity data base.

The interrelationships among carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, acute toxicity (LD50), and a number of molecular descriptors were studied by computerized data analysis methods on the data base generated by the International Program for the Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens (IPESTTC). With the use of statistical regression methods, three main associations were evidenced: (1) the well-known correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity; (2) a correlation between mutagenicity and toxicity (LD50 ip in mice); and (3) a correlation between toxicity and a recently introduced estimator of the free energy of binding of the molecules to biological receptors. As expected on the basis of the large variety of chemical classes represented in the IPESTTC data base, no simple relationship between mutagenicity or carcinogenicity and chemical descriptors was found. To overcome this problem, a new pattern recognition method (REPAD), developed by us for structure-activity studies of noncongeneric chemicals, has been used. This allowed us to highlight a significant difference between the whole patterns of relationships among chemicophysical variables in the two groups of active (mutagenicity and/or carcinogenic) and inactive chemicals. This approach generated a classification rule able to correctly assign about 80% of carcinogens or mutagens.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1989

Structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens: use of an electrophilic reactivity parameter in a new QSAR model.

Electrophilic reactivity data for 142 compounds were obtained from the literature, and were used to establish the contribution of different functional groups and molecular determinants to this property. An equation containing approximately 20 molecular determinants was derived (r = 0.89); this provided a system for estimating the electrophilic reactivity for other compounds on the basis of their molecular structure. The contribution of the estimated electrophilicity to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of carcinogens was tested. In a previous work, we studied a set of 137 carcinogens and non-carcinogens belonging to different chemical classes, and established an SAR on the basis of four physical-chemical descriptors. The mathematical model consisted of a pattern recognition method specifically designed by us for the non linear situations typical of large non congeneric sets of chemicals. The addition of the estimated electrophilicity parameter increased the overall performance of the system (from the previous 85-90% retrospective correct classification). In particular, the estimated electrophilicity remarkably contributed to the identification of carcinogens (their correct classification increasing from the previous 86% to 97%). The derived SAR was tested by applying it to 11 human carcinogens not included in the training set. Their carcinogenicity was correctly predicted for 10 chemicals out of 11.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1989

[Early puerperal depression: the puerperal blues].

The incidence and morbidity factors as regards non-psychotic depression during the puerperium (puerperal blues or maternity blues or post-partum blues) has been investigated in 50 females at random. Puerperal blues was diagnosed as the presence of depression in keeping with Kellner's symptomatic questionnaire. Approximately two-thirds of women experience depression during the early puerperium. Primiparas, patients who have had traumatic delivery (cesarean delivery) and those who have had considerable traumatic experience during pregnancy, and/or presented a previous history of psychopathological disorders, are more subject to puerperal blues.

Depression↗
PubMed1988

Psychologic aspects of patients participating in a phase I study with the synthetic retinoid 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide.

One hundred and one patients participating in a phase I study with the synthetic retinoid 4-HPR (4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide) were evaluated. The study was set up by Veronesi et al. during 1986 at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. The patients were randomized into 4 groups of therapy: 25 in the placebo group, 25 in the group receiving a daily dose of 100 mg of HPR, 26 in the group receiving 200 mg/day of HPR, and 25 in the group receiving 300 mg/day of HPR. All patients were previously treated at our Institute for breast cancer. None had received adjuvant therapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy. After 4-5 months from the beginning of treatment, all patients received a series of tests to evaluate anxiety, depression and sexual life. Moreover, during one the follow-up checkups after 4-5 months, the patients filled-out a self-scoring mood questionnaire. The results did not show any particular differences between the groups, although we found that the administered drug and experimental setting do not interfere with the psychologic state of the participating patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

The relationship of dietary intake and serum levels of retinol and beta-carotene with breast cancer. Results of a case-control study.

The possible association between the risk of breast cancer, blood level, and dietary intake of preformed Vitamin A (retinol) and beta-carotene was investigated in a case-control study carried out from May 1982 to June 1985. The patients studied were 214 previously untreated individuals with T1-2, N0-1, M0 breast cancer admitted to the National Cancer Institute of Milan and 215 controls admitted for conditions other than neoplastic or metabolic disorders. Both cases and controls were selected from an age group ranging from 30 to 65 years old. Plasma levels of retinol and beta-carotene were tested from blood samples drawn during the first day after admission to the hospital. A questionnaire about diet was used to estimate the mean intake of 69 food items from which a daily dietary index of retinol and beta-carotene intake was computed. Information relating to the woman's history, socioeconomic status, and known risk factors for breast cancer was also collected. No association was found between beta-carotene (in the diet or blood) or dietary retinol and the risk of breast cancer. As for blood retinol, our data show a significant trend of increasing risk with higher levels; multivariate relative risk for subsequent serum levels based on the control quintiles, are 1, 1.5, 1.8, 1.7; (test for linear trend: chi-square = 8.26). Thus, these findings, together with the results of other studies, suggest that retinol and beta-carotene are unlikely to be related to the risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chest x-ray survey in breast cancer follow-up--a contrary view.

The authors report on 83 cases of intrathoracic metastases (ITM) observed as isolated first recurrences in a ten-year experience of periodic chest x-ray (CXR) survey of primary breast cancer. In 44 of 83 cases ITM were detected on CXR in absence of subjective symptoms or clinical signs (A) whereas 39 ITM cases were detected as subjectively (S) symptomatic in the interval between two planned CXR controls. Diagnosis was anticipated by CXR survey as the disease-free interval was significantly shorter (30 vs. 43 months, p less than 0.04) for A respect to S cases. Nevertheless such a diagnostic anticipation had no prognostic impact as the ten year survival from primary treatment did not differ (0.12 vs. 0.16, p = 0.6) between A and S cases. Multivariate analysis confirmed that no impact on survival from primary treatment is expected whether ITM are detected in an earlier (asymptomatic, preclinical) or in a more advanced (subjectively symptomatic) phase. CXR survey after primary treatment of breast cancer seems thus a very questionable policy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Lack of efficacy of lymphoscintigraphy in detecting axillary lymph node metastases from breast cancer.

Preoperative detection of metastases in regional lymph nodes should constitute a fundamental step towards a better management of breast cancer. The National Cancer Institute of Milan has traditionally been engaged in this particular problem, that is, the search for a new imaging technique for detecting lymph nodal metastases from breast cancer. In 1984 axillary lymphoscintigraphy was performed on 26 patients with operable breast cancer by periareolar injection of 100 mu Ci of 99mTc sulphur microcolloid. The regional lymph nodes were identified as spot areas and a comparison was made between the number of primary draining axillary lymph nodes and their pathological examination. In only 2 of the 26 patients have more than 3 spot areas been revealed by axillary scintiscan, but this finding did not correspond to metastatic invasion. The lymphoscintigraphy pattern of the other 24 patients did not suggest any pathological condition. From our experience the method does not appear to help either a precise diagnosis of breast disease or the definition of the extent of mammary cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin A and female lung cancer: a case-control study on plasma and diet.

Plasma and dietary levels of retinol and beta-carotene were evaluated in a consecutive series of 47 females with histologically proven primary lung cancer and 159 nonneoplastic hospital controls. The dietary questionnaire included 69 different items: special care was given to foods rich in vitamin A and seasonal foods (e.g., vegetables and fruits), whereas serum analysis was focused on retinol and beta-carotene. Age-adjusted mean values for cases and controls were, respectively, 458.3 vs. 551.3 mg for plasma retinol, 276.1 vs. 390.1 mg for plasma carotene; 598.1 vs 820.6 mg for daily retinol, and 628.0 vs. 882.5 mg for dietary carotene. The odds ratios for low vs. high tertile, adjusted for age, smoking, retinol or carotene, cholesterol, and triglycerides by multivariate analysis were, respectively, 1.13 for plasma retinol, 5.04 for plasma carotene, 3.27 for dietary retinol, and 2.93 for dietary carotene. For all the examined items, there was a trend of increased risk for the second and third tertile, and statistical significance was reached for plasma beta-carotene (p less than 0.05). The hypothesis that a higher risk of lung cancer is related to a low vitamin A consumption is supported by these data.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Time sequence of anginal pain.

We studied 187 patients with angina at rest in order to evaluate the circadian rhythm of chest pain attacks. All subjects were followed for 7 days in absence of therapy (placebo period) and then with therapy (nifedipine, metoprolol, or isosorbide dinitrate). During the placebo period (1309 days) 1466 attacks were recorded, on an average of 1.1 per day. Most episodes occurred between 5 and 8 A.M. The incidence of chest pain attacks was much lower between 9 A.M. and 4 P.M. During the period with therapy, a reduction of painful episodes was observed, while the diurnal distribution remained unchanged. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between circadian distribution of anginal attacks and the extension of coronary damage in the 76 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Alterations of diurnal distribution of chest pain attacks were noted in subjects with normal coronary arteries and those with one-vessel and two-vessel disease. Patients with three-vessel disease or left main coronary artery stenosis showed more uniform distribution of their attacks.

Adult↗