Intestinal sucrose hydrolysis and absorption of monosaccharide products was studied in vivo utilizing the segmental perfusion technique in diabetic and control rats. The proximal jejunum was perfused with 20 mM sucrose, 140 mM NaCl and 0.5% PEG with 14C-PEG, as the nonabsorbable marker. Rates of sucrose hydrolysis and adsorption of monosaccharide products (fructose, and glucose) were determined. There were no statistically significant differences between the diabetic and control rats. This indicates that the previously reported increase in sucrase activity in diabetes does not correlate with enhanced rates of sucrose hydrolysis. Several possibilities for the interpretation of these results are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal digestion of dipeptides in experimental diabetes in the rat.

Intestinal digestion of two dipeptides, leucyl-leucine and phenylalanyl glycine was studied in vivo in diabetic and control rats utilizing the segmental perfusion technique. Both proximal and distal segments of the small intestine were perfused with 20 mM of each substrate with 140 mM NaCl and 0.5% polyethylene glycol. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of luminal disappearance (hydrolysis) of the two dipeptides between the control and diabetic animals.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative clinical trial of duodenal ulcer healing with two regimens of cimetidine: 800 mg once nightly and 400 mg twice daily.

The efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of cimetidine were compared in a single-blind study of 50 adults with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 800 mg cimetidine taken once nightly or 400 mg cimetidine taken twice daily for 4 weeks. Following 4 weeks' treatment patients again underwent endoscopy and, if healing was incomplete, they received a further 4 weeks' treatment. At 4 weeks, healing occurred in 21/25 (84%) patients on the once-daily regimen and in 15/25 (60%) patients treated twice daily (P less than 0.05). Cumulative healing rates after 8 weeks' treatment were 92% and 96%, respectively. Symptomatic improvement was obtained to the same degree with both regimens. No adverse effects were recorded and laboratory values remained normal during both treatments. The results indicate that cimetidine given as one dose each night was superior to the twice-daily regimen.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of the dosage adjustment of octreotide in the treatment of acute pancreatitis of moderate severity.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Octreotide is a novel semisynthetic analogue of somatostatin mainly indicated for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The aim of the present study was to define its role in the treatment of acute pancreatitis of moderate severity. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly assigned to three groups of treatment receiving octreotide subcutaneously 100, 200 or 300 micrograms t.i.d. for seven days. Physical examination and biochemical monitoring were performed daily. RESULTS: No differences were found between the three groups of patients regarding the rate of rebound of leukocytosis and of the elevated serum and urine amylase levels within normal limits. Patients receiving 300 micrograms t.i.d. presented an earlier relief of pain than all others whereas patients receiving octreotide at a dose of either 200 micrograms or 300 micrograms t.i.d. had a shorter duration of hospitalization (12 days) than those receiving octreotide at 100 micrograms t.i.d. (19 days). CONCLUSIONS: The subcutaneous administration of octreotide in acute pancreatitis of moderate severity might be of little benefit only at a dose of 200 micrograms t.i.d. or 300 micrograms t.i.d. for at least seven days.

Acute Disease↗