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Biomedical subjects

C Astrup

Publications and source records attributed to C Astrup.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

A double-blind comparison of citalopram (Lu 10-171) and amitriptyline in depressed patients.

In a controlled, clinical, multicentre trial comprising a total of 43 patients (17 men and 26 women) citalopram was compared double-blindly with amitriptyline. Nineteen patients of each group were classified as endogeneously depressed, whereas four patients of the citalopram group and one of the amitriptyline group were classified as non-endogenously depressed. The patients were seriously ill with a high frequency of previous depressive episodes and of mental disorders among their closest relatives. Thirteen of the patients in either group had received antidepressants without satisfactory effect before entry into the trial. Each patient was treated for a period of at least 3 weeks with daily citalopram doses of 30-60 mg or daily amitriptyline doses of 75-225 mg. A statistically significant reduction of MADRS scores (total scores as well as each of the 10 individual items) was recorded in both groups. The only difference between the groups was a trend towards a better effect on sleep disturbances in the amitriptyline group. Side-effects were recorded more frequently in the amitriptyline group than in the citalopram group, global assessment of side effects being significantly different in favour of citalopram. It is concluded that citalopram is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of endogenous depression - probably as efficacious as amitriptyline, but with fewer side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Persecutory affective psychoses: a follow-up.

A series of 66 cases with persecutory affective psychoses was followed up between 5 and 44 years. These psychoses can be considered as a subgroup of catamnestically verified paranoid reactive psychoses. They comprise cases with and without clouded consciousness. The long-term prognosis is best for cases with clouded consciousness at the initial stage of the psychosis. The characteristics of premorbid personality, psychological precipitating factors and psychotic symptomatology are illustrated by several tables.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Querulent paranoia: a follow-up.

This study deals with all querulent paranoias admitted to Gaustad Hospital during 1938-1972. As querulent paranoia is a rare clinical condition, a plea is made for a multicenter study. We had only 22 cases, but most of them have a follow-up over several years, so that we are able to know fairly well the long-term course of illness. The family background has very little to do with schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychoses. It seems that querulent paranoia is a psychogenic disorder, based on deviant personality structures and unlucky personal experiences. Somatic treatments with ECT and drugs have no effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia: a follow-up.

A series of 67 pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenics were followed up. The prognosis was good insofar as these psychoses do not develop schizophrenic deterioration. Complete recoveries are rare, as borderline characteristics tend to persist. We only considered 5 cases as completely recovered. The hospital diagnosis was predominantly reactive psychoses, and the largest group of close relatives also had reactive psychoses. The distinction between pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia is fairly reliable. By independent coding of 64 cases, the authors agreed on about 58 cases and disagreed on about 6 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Paranoiac psychoses: a follow-up.

74 patients with paranoiac psychoses were followed up. Paranoiac psychoses are characterized by affect-laden delusions, resemble the paranoias of Kraepelin, but have a better prognosis. 18 cases appeared to show a chronic course of illness, but only 1 case needed prolonged hospitalization in a mental hospital. Paranoiac psychoses are considered benign insofar as they have a nonschizophrenic long-term outcome. They resemble schizophrenic psychoses because the familial loading of psychoses is predominantly schizophrenic. To a great extent, the clinical picture revealed typical schizophrenic symptoms at the onset of the illness, so that at discharge from hospital there were often doubts as to whether psychoses should be classified as schizophrenias.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of nine systems to diagnose schizophrenia.

The files of 283 hospitalized patients discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective schizophrenia, or paranoid state were examined without knowledge of the patient's subsequent history. These patients, most of whom had originally been diagnosed by DSM-I criteria, were retrospectively diagnosed by New York Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), the New Have Schizophrenia Index (NHSI), the St. Louis criteria, Taylor-Abrams 1978 criteria, Schneider's first-rank symptoms (FRS), the Washington IPSS 12-Point Flexible System, Astrup's process/nonprocess distinction, and DSM-III. Kappa values measuring pairwise diagnostic agreement amont the nine systems were typically low except among RDC, DSM-III, and St. Louis criteria. Long-term followup status was not significantly predicted by the FRS, NHSI, or Taylor-Abrams criteria. Diagnosis by means of the other systems, especially the Astrup process/nonprocess distinction, was significantly correlated with followup. However, Astrup's "process" schizophrenia is not operationally defined and could not be expected to be used with the degree of interrater reliability desired by researchers. On the other hand, of the operationally defined systems, DSM-III schizophrenia has the highest correlation with followup and is thus suggested for use by researchers desiring a highly homogeneous, although narrowly defined, population. Investigators wishing to cast a wider net could use a less restrictive system such as the RDC, with or without schizoaffectives included.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reactive depression: a follow-up.

93 cases of reactive depression have been followed up in order to investigate the long-term course of illness. By independent classification of reactive and endogenous depressions the authors agreed on diagnosis for 94%. Ten subgroups of reactive depressions are illustrated by case histories. It is of practical importance to establish the clinical diagnosis of reactive depression because these states are different from endogenous depressions with regard to pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1976

Psychophysiological studies of a geographically defined population.

In the Berlevag project attemps have been made at using psycho-physiological and cognitive measures as indexes of psychiatric morbidity.--With skin conductance response, psychotics and neurotics showed signs of autonomic inhibition compared with conduct disorders and normal controls. All groups except psychotics showed cognitive effects in conditioning. No differences between the groups could be established for stereotype indexes, but the Berlevag sample appeared to have unusual high stereotypy indexes. With word associations the patient groups were markedly different from controls, with most deviations in psychotics and least deviations in conduct disorders.--A comparison of word associations in samples of the Oslo and the Berlevag populations suggested that the associative network was very similar in the two populations. There are differences with regard to verbal fluency, response types and reaction times.--It is unresolved whether these differences measure psychiatric morbidity or reflect a culture-dependent character of the word association test.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

A social psychiatric investigation of a rural district in Northern Norway: a preliminary communication.

The psychiatric morbidity of Berlevaag in Northern Norway (71 degrees North) was studied in 1944 by Bremer. A follow-up and a re-examination of the persons in the community was initiated in 1972. Preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of psychoses is practically the same in 1973 as in 1944. Various registers have provided a fairly complete count of psychoses even before the onset of an intensive field study. Only a minor part of the non-psychotic psychiatric disorders appears to have been identified.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1975

Psychiatric morbidity in Berlevåg.

For the population of Berlevåg the psychiatric morbidity is 37.3% registered with the Harvard health and family life survey and 20.5% with clinical estimates (life prevalence). The actual psychiatric morbidity (point prevalence) is assumed to be markably less than 20%. By checking psychiatric cases seen by the public health officer in the first half of 1973 and by 2 psychiatrists during field work the summer of 1974, the morbidity not registered yet, predominantly consists of borderline neurotic states, who by many psychiatrists will be considered as being within the limits of normal variation.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1975

Classification and prognostic aspects of schizophrenia.

The relation between initial clinical symptomatology and long-term course of illness appears to be reliable. Prognostic models, as well as an experienced physician, can predict long-term risk of schizophrenic defects from a few items. The prognostic models also seem to be valid for international comparisons of prognosis. The improved prognosis of schizophrenia over the last 30 years is ascertained. The series of about 4,500 cases provides a sufficiently large number of patients for the analyses of well-defined subgroups. This has been done especially for schizophrenia, using the Leonhard classification.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Prolonged clinical and experimental follow-up of hospitalized schizophrenics.

148 chronic schizophrenics admitted between 1938 and 1961 had previously been followed up. In 1972, they were re-examined, on the average 10 years after the first follow-up. 44 belonged to a series of patients studied between 1955 and 1957 with a battery of conditional reflex tests. The patients belonging to the experimental series were retested with word associations. From an experimental point of view the patients performed better over the prolonged observation period. The clinical state also showed improvement. A comparison of the chronic hospital population during 1955-57 and 1972-74 suggests that the new chronics present much less of the severe schizophrenic deterioration than the old ones. They also have remarkably better verbal functions these changes are assumed to be mainly due to drug treatment. The beneficial effects of drugs appear to come mainly within the first 2 years.

Antipsychotic Agents↗