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Biomedical subjects

C B Cox

Publications and source records attributed to C B Cox.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Discharge planning for dementia patients: factors influencing caregiver decisions and satisfaction.

Discharge planning is a major concern of hospitals as they seek to reduce costs associated with prolonged lengths of hospital stays, prevent subsequent readmissions, and ensure that discharge dispositions are appropriate. This process can be even more complicated when the patient is suffering from dementia and the family has primary responsibility for the discharge outcome. Data on the discharge process and caregiver satisfaction with it were collected from 179 caregivers of hospitalized dementia patients. The findings indicate that social workers are important influences in the discharge decisions but are significantly more influential when the discharge is to a nursing home. Findings from regression analyses indicate that caregiver satisfaction is dependent on the amount of caregiver involvement in the process.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary management during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Traditional lung management during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) calls for low inspiratory and expiratory pressures with low ventilator rate to achieve lung rest. However, rapid weaning of pressures to severely injured lungs commonly leads to marked increase in pulmonary opacification as seen on chest x-ray and loss of volume. We postulated that a sufficiently high level of PEEP could prevent this deterioration. Forty-six newborns, who required ECMO therapy for refractory respiratory failure, were maintained on 8 to 14 cm H2O PEEP. The peak pressure was 20 to 24 cm H2O, rate 10 to 15 breath/min, and FIO2 0.21. Forty-one (89%) of 46 patients survived to discharge. The duration of ECMO was significantly decreased compared to the national average (82.4 +/- 43 vs. 117.5 +/- 59 h). The lungs of most patients remained adequately expanded and free of severe pulmonary opacification. Eleven of 40 patients did show significant worsening of chest x-ray compared to baseline, but only one of 18 who were on PEEP of greater than or equal to 12 cm H2O showed such deterioration. No unexpected complications were encountered. These data suggest that the use of high PEEP during ECMO safely prevents deterioration of lung function and promotes more rapid lung recovery. PEEP levels of 12 to 14 cm H2O appear to be most effective.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation↗
PubMed1989

Abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma: perioperative risk factors.

This retrospective review of 37 cases of abdominoperineal resection for adenocarcinoma sought to correlate preoperative clinical characteristics and intraoperative events with the likelihood of subsequent development of specific complications in the postoperative period. Mortality was 3% (1/37), and the complication rate was 76% (28/37), with urologic (49% [18/37]) and pulmonary (30% [11/37]) complications being the most common. Significant perioperative risk factors included a history of cardiac disease, current cardiac medications, diabetes mellitus, an abnormal preoperative electrocardiogram, and extended operation. Factors not associated with an increased risk included age, sex, a history of pulmonary disorders, previous abdominal operations, operative time, and need for transfusions, management of the pelvic peritoneum, or perineal drainage. Such information should reliably identify high-risk patients and therefore should be useful for selecting such patients for palliative or other limited techniques of tumor control.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1974

Effect of tetanolysin on platelets and lysosomes.

Tetanolysin, partially purified, caused the lysis of human and rabbit platelets, as determined by a decrease in the optical density of platelet suspensions and the release of serotonin, enzymes, and protein. This lytic activity was neutralized by antitoxin. In addition, a suspension of the lysosome-containing large granule fraction of rabbit liver released hydrolytic enzymes when exposed to tetanolysin. Thus, tetanolysin can be added to the list of bacterial toxins that are lytic for a variety of cellular or subcellular membranes. These findings provide additional data that suggest that tetanolysin may contribute to the pathogenesis of some of the unusual manifestations observed in clinical tetanus.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1972

Lack of significant oncogenicity of biological products in hamsters.

A variety of biological products which included live and inactivated viral vaccines, inactivated rickettsial and bacterial vaccines, toxoids, and a multiple bacterial antigen product did not appear to be oncogenic for newborn hamsters following a single subcutaneous inoculation. The incidence of spontaneous tumors was approximately 4.7%, and this figure was not significantly altered by the inoculation of any of the test materials.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plate tectonics, seaways and climate in the historical biogeography of mammals.

The marsupial and placental mammals originated at a time when the pattern of geographical barriers (oceans, shallow seas and mountains) was very different from that of today, and climates were warmer. The sequence of changes in these barriers, and their effects on the dispersal of the mammal families and on the faunas of mammals in the different continents, are reviewed. The mammal fauna of South America changed greatly in the Pliocene/Pleistocene, when the newly-complete Panama Isthmus allowed the North American fauna to enter the continent and replace most of the former South American mammal families. Marsupial, but not placental, mammals reached Australia via Antarctica before Australia became isolated, while rats and bats are the only placentals that dispersed naturally from Asia to Australia in the late Cenozoic. Little is known of the early history of the mammal fauna of India. A few mammal families reached Madagascar from Africa in the early Cenozoic over a chain of islands. Africa was isolated for much of the early Cenozoic, though some groups did succeed in entering from Europe. Before the climate cooled in the mid-Cenozoic, the mammal faunas of the Northern Hemisphere were much richer than those of today.

Animals↗