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Biomedical subjects

C B Pull

Publications and source records attributed to C B Pull.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Concordance between ICD-10 alcohol and drug use disorder criteria and diagnoses as measured by the AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI and SCAN: results of a cross-national study.

Agreement between the AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI and SCAN in case identification for ICD-10 alcohol and drug use disorders and diagnostic criteria was investigated in three countries, Luxembourg, Greece and the US. Overall, agreement for ICD-10 dependence diagnoses between the three instruments was fair to good for alcohol, opioids and cocaine, but generally lower for dependence diagnoses for other substance. In contrast, concordance between instruments for harmful use diagnoses was extremely poor for all substances. Implications of these major findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between prevalence, reliability and concordance and indications and cautions regarding cross-instrument comparisons.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[DSM-IV].

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1994. DSM-IV relies upon the same basic concepts as DSM-III and DSM-III-R: explicit diagnostic criteria, multiaxial system, and a descriptive approach that attempts to be neutral with respect to theories of etiology. The DSM-IV revision process has included comprehensive and systematic reviews of the published literature, reanalyses of already-collected data sets and extensive issue-focused field trials. Considerable efforts have been made to ensure that the codes and terms provided in DSM-IV are fully compatible with both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10. According to the authors of DSM-IV, the major innovation of DSM-IV lies not in any of its specific content changes but rather in the systematic and explicit process by which it was constructed and documented.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The diagnosis of dementias of the Alzheimer type.

There are a large number of people with primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type throughout the world. This number will continue to increase during the next century, and will represent a major health problem for future generations. The diagnosis of the dementia is based on the presence of disturbances in higher cortical functions, cognition, language or behaviour, and the presence of apraxia and agnosia. To determine the etiology of the dementia, a number of investigations are required; these include neurological examination, use of diagnostic criteria, assessment instruments and measurement of mental functions, electroencephalography, and imaging techniques. Diagnosis is generally obvious in the middle stages of the disorder, but may be difficult or even hazardous in the early stages. This is a major handicap for research investigations. At present, emission tomography is the only technique which identifies abnormalities in the early stages of the disorder and which differentiates primary degenerative dementia from multi-infarct dementia. For the time being, this technique is still too sophisticated and costly to be used on a regular basis, but it will prove indispensable in the identification, understanding and early treatment of dementia.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1985

Berner's axial syndromes and the polydiagnostic approach of the LICET system.

The LICET system is a polydiagnostic instrument permitting recording of diagnostic criteria and assignment by diagnostic algorithms as proposed in a number of different classification systems, including the Viennese Research Criteria. In the present report, French diagnostic practices are compared with the Viennese Research Criteria for endogenomorphic-schizophrenic and endogenomorphic-cyclothymic axial syndromes.

Austria↗
PubMed1984

[L.I.C.E.T.-D 100: a new approach to the diagnosis of depression].

L.I.C.E.T.-D 100 or List of Integrated Criteria for Evaluation and Taxonomy in Depression is a diagnostic instrument permitting to record all information required to make a diagnosis following different classification systems, and to compute the diagnosis for each system, either by hand or automatically using a simple computer program. The present article presents the principles and purposes of the method and provides the technical information required for using the instrument.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1984

[French empiric criteria for psychoses. I. Situation of the problem and methodology].

The French classification of mental disorders is a simple nomenclature which provides no definitions nor any other information concerning the categories. The present study describes the methodological guidelines of a nation-wide investigation that was initiated to establish empirical operational definitions for schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses of classical French nosology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of nitrazepam and zopiclone in psychiatric patients.

This investigation compares the effects of single and double doses of nitrazepam (5 and 10 mg) and zopiclone (7.5 and 15 mg) and placebo for 1 night in 40 psychiatric patients. The results indicate that zopiclone is an active hypnotic compound, comparable in its effects to those of nitrazepam, the higher dosage being best adapted to the type of patients included in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Nosological position of schizo-affective psychoses in France.

French clinicians unanimously reject the term 'schizo-affective' in favor of two specific French diagnostic categories: the 'bouffées délirantes polymorphes, Magnan-type' and the 'dysthymic schizophrenias'. The present article presents the results of two recent nationwide investigations into French clinicians actual opinions and diagnostic practices in this field. It provides operational definitions based upon empirical diagnostic criteria and compares the two concepts with related concepts from other schools.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Method of testing drug therapies for anxiety. Methodology of controlled trials].

Controlled trials of anxiolytics follow the same methodological principles as those of other psychotropic drugs. They nevertheless present a number of particular difficulties, necessitating specific approaches or additional precautions. They are indispensable in drug trials with anxiolytics, but do not resolve all the problems arising in this field; as a consequence, there is a need for new and original orientations in the study of anxiolytics.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1983

[The Checklist for Evaluation of Somatic Symptoms (CHESS). Its use in anxious and depressive pathology. Factor structure].

The CH.E.S.S. is a new inventory for the assessment of somatic symptoms and complaints. Initialy it included 57 items (43 somatic complaints, 12 neurological signs and 2 "other symptoms"). The CH.E.S.S. was scored before treatment on two groups of patients (133 anxious and 133 depressed) with no schizophrenic or organic symptomatology. 71 somatic complaints or symptoms were identified. A principal component analysis with a subsequent Varimax rotation yelded 25 factors with 18 of clinical significance. 12 factors significantly discriminate between the two groups. Seven factors (21 items) have higher scores in depressed patients: sleep and general somatic disorders, 2) general impairment of intellectual functioning, 3) neurological, 4) neuro-muscular hypo-excitability, 5) lower limbs oedema-amimia, 6) and 7) digestive. Five factors (18 items) have higher scores in anxious patients: 1) and 2) autonomic hyperactivity, 3) neuro-muscular hyper-excitability, 4) digestive, 5) micturition disorders with limb paresthesias. According to these results the 67 items new version of the check-list (CH.E.S.S. 82) includes 51 somatic complaints or symptoms and 16 neurological signs.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of nitrazepam and zopiclone in psychiatric patients.

This investigation compares the effects of single and double doses of nitrazepam (5 and 10 mg) and zopiclone (7.5 and 15 mg) and placebo for 1 night in 40 psychiatric patients. The results indicate that zopiclone is an active hypnotic compound, comparable in its effects to those of nitrazepam, the higher dosage being best adapted to the type of patients included in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Depression and schizophrenia (author's transl)].

Illnesses with both schizophrenic and affective elements represent the most unsatisfactory aspect in the classification of the functional psychoses. It is uncertain whether schizo-affective psychoses are schizophrenias, affective psychoses or if they are distinct from either. Although they probably do not constitute a homogenous grouping, they should be classified separately at present, if only to facilitate further study.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗