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C B Reimer

Publications and source records attributed to C B Reimer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Antiserums for immunofluorescent enumeration of human T lymphocytes utilizing fluoresceinated staphylococcal protein A.

Five lots (100 ml or more) of heterologous antiserums specific for human T lymphocytes were prepared using human or Rhesus monkey thymocytes as immunogens. After appropriate adsorptions, these antiserums reacted by immunofluorescence with 68% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 98% of human thymocytes, with E-rosette--positive cells but not with EAC-rosette--positive cells or five human B-lymphoblastoid-cell lines. Blocking experiments showed that Rhesus monkey thymocytes share thymic antigenic determinant(s) with humans. E-rosette receptors modulated independently from T-cell heteroantigens. Non-E--rosetting neoplastic T cells were identified in several patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies. Applying both the E-rosette assay and the anti-T-cell serum provides a better method of defining the biologic properties of normal and neoplastic T lymphocytes. Standardization of immunofluorescent conjugates for human T- or B-cell enumeration is simplified if large lots of well-characterized antiserums are available.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An indirect solid-phase microradioimmunoassay for human IgM-anti-IgG (rheumatoid factor).

In order to satisfy the general need for a more precise measurement of the serum concentration of rheumatoid factor (RF) than is presently obtainable with the latex test, we developed a rapid indirect solid phase micro radioimmunoassay for RF determination. The assay involves the binding of IgM-anti IgG (RF), to the polyclonal, native or denatured human IgG dried on the bottom surface of microtiter plates; the amount of antiglobulin bound is then determined by adding 125I-labelled goat anti-human IgM (125I-AHIgM). Variations of reagents and their concentrations, temperatures and incubation times were studied to find the optimal conditions for test sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. The test has a within day and between day average coefficient of variation of 9 and 15% respectively, showing its advantages over the latex test. The results obtained by studying 100 human sera from patients with positive or negative latex test show that the test should prove valuable in diagnosis and research.

Hot Temperature↗
PubMed1977

Detection by indirect immunofluorescence of Fc receptors in cells acutely infected with Herpes simplex virus.

In attempting to use the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) to measure antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), we found that all human sera gave a positive reaction with Chang liver cells infected with type 1 (HSV). All sera gave equivalent titers of 320-640 for acetone-fixed cells and about 40 for live cells (membrane fluorescence) in the presence of fluorescein-labeled antisera to human Ig; none of the sera reacted with uninfected cells. The fluorescence seen in fixed cells was primarily cytoplasmic; some cells showed a diffuse fluorescence, obscuring the demarcation between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Purified IgG from antibody-negative human sera and a purified Fc fragment of IgG were positive both for cytoplasmic and membrane fluorescence, whereas F(ab')2, IgM and IgA were unreactive. The reaction was also seen when an antiserum conjugate specific for the Fc fragment of IgG was used. The reactive IgG was present in freshly prepared plasma and serum; it could not be removed from serum either by ultracentrifugation or by serial absorption with HSV-infected cells. These findings suggest that the nonspecificity of the IFA results from the formation of low-avidity bonds between the large mass of native serum IgG and an Fc receptor on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of cells infected with HSV. The results also suggest that extreme caution be exercised in attempting to use the IFA in the serodiagnosis of infections with HSV and perhaps the other human herpes-viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of mononuclear cell surfaces with fluoresceinated staphylococcal protein A complexed with IgG antibody of heat-aggregated gamma-globulin.

Fluorescein-conjugated staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was complexed with either: 1) heat-aggregated IgG, 2) B cell specific antibody, or 3) T cell specific antibody and then used for an immunofluorescent analysis of mononuclear cell surfaces. Cellular Fc receptors failed to recognize the Fc region of aggregated IgG that had been blocked by SPA. Moreover, fluoresceinated SPA that had been complexed either with anti-Fab (B-cell specific) or T cell-specific antisera prevented the nonspecific binding of these reagents to the IgG-Fc receptors on mononuclear cells, thereby permitting the latter to be properly identified as B or T lymphocytes. In addition, when unconjugated SPA was added to presensitized target cells in a test for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cytolysis was abrogated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Normative values of serum immunoglobulins by single radial immunodiffusion: a review.

Many previous studies of normative values in adults have suggested that race, age, sex, and environment all have significant effects on the mean values for IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE in various groups of individuals. Single radial immunodiffusion is the technique most widely used to quantitate immunoglobulins of the three major classes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in sera. Measurements have been expressed in terms of mass concentration, as percentages of the mean normal adult value, and in arbitrary international units. To improve agreement among laboratories, the WHO has supported the distribution of an International Reference Preparation for the Human Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM, and similar (separate) preparations for IgD and IgE.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The specificity of fetal IgM: antibody or anti-antibody?

Reference materials were produced to standardize the immunoglobulin class specificity and potency of immunofluorescent anti-IgM conjugates used for diagnostic tests for congenital syphilis. In attempting to mimic essential immunologic characteristics of syphilitic and nonsyphilitic infant sera, we evaluated these sera in comparison with processed adult sera. We were quite surprised to discover that some syphilitic babies do not produce significant quantities to IgM antibody to T. pallidum in response to their infection, as would be expected; instead, they make relatively large amounts of IgM anti-IgG. We found this to be true also for newborns and infants infected with cytomegalovirus, rubella, and toxoplasmosis. To our knowledge, this observation has not been previously reported. However, it could have been predicted from the knowledge that older infants and young children normally produce IgM antibodies to maternal IgG allotypes (Gm factors). We are disturbed that these findings suggest that currently recommended indirect immunofluorescence IgM tests for perinatal infection may not be disease specific. Our observations may be important for a better understanding of basic immunologic mechanisms of fetal-maternal to tolerance and fetal response to life-threatening infection.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

The relationship of race, sex, and age to concentrations of serum immunoglobulins expressed in international units in healthy adults in the USA.

Only a few investigations have been made to obtain human serum immunoglobulin values in units compatible with those used by the WHO International Reference Preparation for the Human Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM. We report our summary statistics of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM, in international units (IU), for some 800 healthy American adults grouped by age, sex, and race. Our findings are in general agreement with some, but not with all, published data. We found that the mean IgG concentration is markedly higher and the mean IgA concentration is slightly higher in blacks than in whites. Except for white females, there was a significant increase in mean IgA with age for both races. In the younger adults of both races, mean IgM values were markedly higher in females than in males. Statistically significant interactions between race, age, and sex factors were seen for all three immunoglobulin classes. Although we have attempted to estimate the normal population means and variances for the serum concentration of IgG, IgA, and IgM the process we used to select specimens may have resulted in some bias; much larger, truly randomized, and fully documented studies in different geographic areas and in different socioeconomic and racial groups are needed to provide accurate acceptable limits for human immunoglobulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Standardization of diagnostic materials. 4. Diagnostic immunofluorescence.

The standardization of diagnostic immunofluorescence is a complex problem because diagnostic results are greatly influenced by interacting factors, such as the equipment, materials, and techniques for expressing and recording fluorescence. Furthermore, the characteristics of immunofluorescence reagents depend on how they are manufactured and used. The adoption of stable reference preparations of such reagents appears to be the only practicable way of standardizing laboratory test results. Several professional and regulatory organizations are actively promoting this objective. Consensus evaluation may be the best method of introducing proposed standards. Basic and applied research must provide the information needed to improve reagents and tests.Material fluorescent standards are proving helpful in standardizing fluorescence emission, but the most promising development is the use of insolubilized antigens to provide standards for more relevant immunological-fluorescence comparisons.Several important direct and indirect diagnostic immunofluorescence tests and reagents currently used in microbiological, histological, and pathological examinations require standardization. The medical profession should insist that commercial reagents be adequately characterized and that manufacturers supply the data necessary for their safe and informed use.

Biological Products↗