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Biomedical subjects

C B Weinberg

Publications and source records attributed to C B Weinberg.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Encouraging use of coupons to stimulate condom purchase.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the feasibility of using high-value coupons to induce condom purchase and evaluated execution factors that can influence the effectiveness of this form of promotion. METHODS: Two levels of coupon discount value (10% off and 75% off) were used to promote condom purchase among young adults. Coupons were distributed according to a widespread strategy or a more focused in-store disbursement method. RESULTS: Redemption of coupons distributed through the widespread disbursement strategy was negligible. In contrast, coupons from the in-store distribution method, particularly the higher value coupon, resulted in a high redemption rate. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides strong evidence that discount coupons, particularly high-value ones distributed at the purchase location, can be used successfully as a condom promotional incentive.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An experiment in designing effective warning labels.

This paper proposes a model for the design of effective warning labels concerning drinking and driving. One important aspect of the model is that producing a multiplicity of warning labels should result in a higher probability that at least a few of the warning labels will be of high quality and effectiveness. Secondly, greater similarity between the warning label designer and the intended target group should enhance the effectiveness of the warning label. In the present study, 49 warning labels were created by university undergraduates, and the effectiveness of these warning labels was assessed by a group of university students (target group members). A number of labels were judged as being effective, and more effective than the government warning label. Extending the notion of being close to the target group, warning labels designed by male and female university students for university students of the same sex were judged as more effective than warning labels designed for the opposite sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Role of growth factors in the contraction and maintenance of collagen lattices made with arterial smooth muscle cells.

The contraction of collagen lattices made with arterial smooth muscle cells was studied in medium MCDB 107 without serum or supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum, plus insulin, transferrin, and low-density lipoprotein. Under these conditions, smooth muscle cell mitogens including HBGF-1 (aFGF), PDGF, and EGF stimulated contraction. Stimulation by HBGF-1 was more profound than with other factors tested. HBGF-1 stimulation of lattice contraction was blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors, but not inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Histological observations indicated that HBGF-1 also enhanced the maintenance of healthy cells in the lattice. Taken together, these observations suggest that HBGF-1 stimulates lattice contraction, not by a mitogenic effect, but by stimulating synthesis of specific cellular proteins. Since the greatest effects of HBGF-1 on lattice contraction were seen during the first 72 h following casting, the effects on maintenance of cell viability are probably less important in promoting lattice contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cultured vascular endothelial cells secrete a protein factor(s) that promotes the contraction of collagen lattices made with fibroblasts.

Conditioned media collected from arterial endothelial cells contain protein factor(s) that promotes the contraction of collagen lattices made with skin fibroblasts. Based on the lattice contraction-promoting activity, a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa was identified. This 22-kDa protein stimulated lattice contraction in both serum-containing and serum-free media. When assayed at a 30% equivalent of the conditioned medium, the contraction-promoting activity of the purified factor was about 50 to 60% of that elicited by the unfractionated conditioned medium. Some contraction-promoting activity was also present in certain subfractions of the conditioned medium generated during the separation of the 22-kDa protein. Taken together, the results indicate that the lattice contraction-promoting activity in the endothelial cell-conditioned medium is probably aided by multiple active principles. The biochemical and biological characteristics indicated that the 22-kDa protein is not a transforming growth factor-beta-related factor nor a fibroblast growth promoter.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Coping with success: new challenges for nonprofit marketing.

In the tight, competitive economic climate of the 1990s, nonprofits are as concerned with marketing as are for-profit organizations. But nonprofit marketing is undoubtedly more complicated than conventional business marketing. Nonprofits have multiple, nonfinancial objectives; they can't rely on a risk cushion; they cater to multiple publics, including customers who are often not the ones who pay; they can collaborate as well as compete with competitors; and they garner more public attention, both positive and negative, than the average business. In this paper, Gallagher and Weinberg review the difficulties associated with introducing marketing into nonprofits and highlight the new challenges facing nonprofits that have successfully adopted a marketing orientation.

Canada↗
PubMed1986

A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells.

A model of a blood vessel was constructed in vitro. Its multilayered structure resembled that of an artery and it withstood physiological pressures. Electron microscopy showed that the endothelial cells lining the lumen and the smooth muscle cells in the wall were healthy and well differentiated. The lining of endothelial cells functioned physically, as a permeability barrier, and biosynthetically, producing von Willebrand's factor and prostacyclin. The strength of the model depended on its multiple layers of collagen integrated with a Dacron mesh.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts in collagen lattices.

We compared the proliferation of bovine aortic cells grown in collagen lattices. Smooth muscle cells continued to divide for 2 weeks while adventitial fibroblasts ceased to divide after 4-5 days. Endothelial cells did not proliferate within an untreated collagen lattice; however, if the lattice was covered with culture medium, endothelial cells populated its surface and proliferated to form a monolayer. We also found that both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, like fibroblasts, are able to contract a collagen lattice to a small fraction of its original volume, although endothelial cells are able to do so only if the lattice is covered with culture medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Topographical segregation of old and new acetylcholine receptors at developing ectopic endplates in adult rat muscle.

We have used radioautographic methods to examine the topography of addition and removal of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) within receptor clusters at developing ectopic synapses in adult rat soleus muscle. After AChRs within a cluster had been pulse-labeled with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (125I-alpha-BuTx), the area that they occupied within the cluster shrank with time. Thus the old receptors at new endplates occupy a continually decreasing area of the growing receptor cluster. To localize newly added AChRs, we pretreated the muscles with unlabeled alpha-BuTx, thus blocking the old receptors, and then labeled newly added receptors with 125I-alpha-BuTx 1 or 2 d later. In radioautographs, AChR clusters from these muscles appeared as annuli or "doughnuts," unlike control (unpretreated) clusters, which were more nearly uniformly labeled. This visual impression was confirmed by analyzing the radial grain density distribution. Thus growth and turnover of AChR clusters at ectopic endplates takes place by the addition of receptors at the periphery of the clusters. Our data are most consistent with a model in which receptor removal occurs by endocytosis randomly throughout the cluster.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

Antibodies from patients with myasthenia gravis recognize determinants unique to extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors.

We have examined the interaction between sera from patients with myasthenia gravis and acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) purified from normal and denervated rat skeletal muscles [junctional receptor (JR) and extrajunctional receptor (EJR), respectively]. Eight of ten myasthenic sera had titers against EJR that were significantly higher (1.1-2.4 times) than their titers against JR. The antireceptor titers of these sera ranged from 2 to 102 nM. Although activities of three other sera were too low (less than 1 nM) to allow accurate titrations, provisional measurements with these sera gave titers against EJR that were at least as high (1.0-1.4 times) as those against JR. Competition experiments with myasthenic sera demonstrated two classes of determinants on rat AcChoR: those that are common to JR and EJR and those that are present or exposed only on EJR. Myasthenic sera did not recognize any determinants unique to JR. Several antisera raised to purified AcChoR from eel or Torpedo electric organs or denervated rat skeletal muscle had equal titers against the two forms of receptor. Treatment of JR and EJR by various enzymatic or chemical procedures designed to alter prosthetic groups on the proteins failed to affect their antigenic reactivity. AcChoR from embryonic rats was indistinguishable immunologically from EJR of adult muscle.

Animals↗