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Biomedical subjects

C B White

Publications and source records attributed to C B White.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Arteriolar dilation mediated by capsaicin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rats.

In addition to altering vascular tone by stimulating primary afferent nerves and acting through reflex pathways, capsaicin acts locally. We examined effects of topically applied capsaicin on arteriolar diameter in striated muscle and tested the hypothesis that capsaicin can alter microvascular tone by releasing substance P (SP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In anesthetized rats, the right cremaster muscle was exposed and suspended in a tissue bath filled with a physiological salt solution. Diameters of third-order arterioles were displayed and measured using in vivo video microscopy. In 17 of 20 rats, addition of capsaicin (3 x 10(-7) M) to the bath dilated arterioles (85 +/- 14% above control). Failure of a second administration of capsaicin to produce a sustained dilation in 6 of 7 arterioles that had previously dilated to capsaicin is consistent with the hypothesis that this agent causes depletion of an endogenous vasodilator. Pretreatment with an SP inhibitor did not alter capsaicin-induced dilation. CGRP (1 x 10(-10) to 2 x 10(-8) M) caused dilation similar to that caused by capsaicin. Pretreatment with a CGRP inhibitor to the bath prevented capsaicin-induced dilation, but not constriction. These results suggest that capsaicin can dilate microvessels by releasing CGRP, which can modulate tone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the necessity for hospitalization of the febrile infant less than three months of age.

We reviewed records of 443 consecutive infants less than 3 months of age who were hospitalized during a 28-month period for complete evaluation of fever (rectal temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C), close observation and consideration of antimicrobial therapy. Infants less than 2 weeks of age were more likely to be treated with parenterally administered antibiotics than older infants (67%, 39%, 29% and 31% in the first and second two weeks of life, second and third months, respectively), and were more likely to have bacteremia and bacterial meningitis (4.8%, 2.1%, 0.5% and 2.3%, respectively), as well as serious bacterial illness (25%, 13%, 7% and 14%, respectively). Five infants (2.5% of those not initially treated) had unexpectedly positive blood (1), urine (3) or stool (1) cultures and were treated with parenteral antibiotics when culture results were known. None was less than 2 weeks of age and all had good outcomes that did not appear to be altered by the delay in diagnosis and treatment. No infant's therapy was modified as a result of clinical deterioration or persistent fever. We conclude that many febrile infants who are hospitalized "for observation" can be managed as outpatients provided that a thorough initial evaluation is performed, that parents can reliably monitor the infant closely at home and that dependable follow-up can be assured.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Survival after isolated cerebral mucormycosis.

Cerebral mucormycosis is a rare disorder caused by several genera of the family Mucoraceae. The genera Rhizopus, Absidia, and Mucor are the predominant pathogenic groups. Disease caused by these organisms usually complicates an underlying chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus or malignancy. Cerebral involvement usually occurs from an ascending infection from the paranasal sinuses via the orbit and is usually associated with poorly controlled diabetes. The pulmonary system is the most common site of infection in patients with leukemia. Isolated cerebral mucormycosis not associated with head trauma or intravenous drug abuse is a rare disorder. We report what we believe to be the first successfully treated case of isolated cerebral mucormycosis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the throat culture as a follow-up for an initially negative enzyme immunosorbent assay rapid streptococcal antigen detection test.

In a study of the efficacy of following up an initially negative enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) rapid streptococcal antigen detection test with a throat culture, 2 double swabs (4 total) were obtained from 264 pediatric patients with sore throats. Although a throat culture was more specific (97%) than the EIA (89%), the sensitivity (87%) and negative predictive value (97%) of a single EIA was the same as that of a single throat culture. A follow-up throat culture was more accurate than a follow-up EIA. We conclude that the office EIA tested results in more false positives but misses no more true positives than a single throat culture processed by a well-controlled microbiology laboratory. If a follow-up technique is used for an initially negative EIA rapid streptococcal antigen detection test, the throat culture is the superior test and would be equally applicable following an initially negative throat culture or EIA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Streptococcal pharyngitis. Comparison of latex agglutination and throat culture.

Despite its imperfections, the throat culture remains the "gold standard" against which all rapid streptococcal antigen detection tests are compared. Using triple throat swabs, the accuracy of a rapid latex agglutination (LA) test and back up throat culture was determined and compared with a simultaneously obtained additional throat culture in children with suspected streptococcal pharyngitis. Although there was a 95 percent concordancy between throat cultures, the sensitivity of the throat culture was only 87 percent. Despite the LA test's lower sensitivity (78 percent), in this clinical population with a relatively low prevalence of positive throat cultures (19 percent), the predictive value of a negative LA test was only slightly lower than that of the throat culture (94-95 percent vs. 97 percent). Backup throat cultures are commonly recommended for patients with initially negative LA test results, but 10 percent of the patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci-positive throat cultures would have been undetected using this approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Age, education, and sex effects on adult moral reasoning.

The role of age and education in adult moral reasoning was examined utilizing Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental stage theory of moral development and the most recent Standard Scoring System for assessing moral judgments. Individual interviews utilizing standard Kohlberg moral dilemmas were conducted with 195 adults ranging in age from nineteen to eight-two years and in years of education from three to twenty-five years. Results indicated no overall significant effect for age of reasoner, no significant effect for sex, and a significant effect for education (p less than .01). However, the effect of age was significant in the group with eighteen or more years of education, but not in the group with less than eighteen years of education.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of purified dietary fiber sources on beta-carotene utilization by the chick.

Effects of various purified dietary fiber components on beta-carotene utilization by the chick were investigated in two experiments (expt.). Eight-day-old Columbian X New Hampshire male (expt. 1) or female (expt. 2) chicks were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 1 wk and then fed beta-carotene-supplemented diets containing 0% fiber, 7% arenaceous flour or 7% of a purified fiber source for 4 wk. Results of expt. 1 showed that hemicellulose, lignin and citrus pectin, but not arenaceous flour or polygalacturonic acid, depressed beta-carotene utilization by the chick, as measured by percentage of consumed beta-carotene stored in liver as vitamin A relative to the 0% fiber control. In expt. 2, effects of the methoxyl content of pectin were studied. High and medium methoxyl apple pectin, citrus pectin and polygalacturonic acid reduced storage of vitamin A in liver. Low methoxyl apple pectin had no significant effect on beta-carotene utilization. Thus, several purified forms of dietary fiber significantly reduced beta-carotene utilization by chicks when fed at the 7% supplementary level. Moreover, with pectin, there was an inverse relationship between methoxyl content of pectin and beta-carotene utilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Neonatal zygomycotic necrotizing cellulitis.

Zygomycosis is a rare infection that should be suspected in any patient with a fulminant necrotizing cellulitis in an area recently covered with adhesive bandages or dressings. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for patient survival.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1986

Concealed pulmonary abscess: diagnosis by computed tomography.

During childhood, an acute pneumonia with bulging margins usually reflects an abundant production of exudate. However, an unexplained persistence of an expansile pneumonia following therapy indicates that the infectious process may be isolating itself by forming an abscess. Previous reports emphasize that such abscesses are rarely diagnosed prior to thoracotomy or autopsy. Computed tomography facilitates an earlier disclosure of an abscess or empyema that is producing a persistent but unexplained expanding opacification on plain film.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sexual interest, attitudes, knowledge, and sexual history in relation to sexual behavior in the institutionalized aged.

Although the idea that sexuality is a lifelong need is gaining greater research support and greater acceptability to the general public, few consider the institutionalized aged as having sexual needs or being able to benefit from sexual intimacy. The research presented here indicates that sexual activity in the institutionalized aged is related to their attitudes and behavior toward sexuality and to their sexual interest level and prior frequency of sexual activity. Institutionalized aged persons evidence sexual needs and do engage in sexual behavior.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

A scale for the assessment of attitudes and knowledge regarding sexuality in the aged.

Current research on sexuality in the aged suffers from a lack of measuring instruments designed to assess the particular aspects of sexual knowledge and attitudes as they relate to the aged. The present scale is the result of several studies of sexual functioning in the aged, including intervention research, utilizing the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale (ASKAS) with aged persons, families of aged persons, and people who work with the aged. All findings support the validity and reliability of the scale in assessing sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge with specific reference to the aged. Significant changes in scale scores following intervention and significant relationships of sexual behavior to scale scores follow predicted directions. A factor analysis supported the two dimensions of attitudes and knowledge in the instrument.

Aged↗