[Cryopreservation of human erythrocytes with hydroxyethyl starch (HES)--Part 2: Analysis of survival].
Red blood cells (RBC) were obtained from 5 whole blood units by centrifugation and were purified using a simple washing procedure. Hematocrit and HES concentration in the 108-ml samples to be frozen were adjusted to 40% (v/v) and 12% (w/w), respectively. Cooling was performed by submerging into liquid nitrogen using containers to generate a flat sample geometry (3 mm thickness). After thawing in a shaking water bath, HES and free hemoglobin were removed in a simple washing step. To investigate the influence of the resuspension medium, the RBC were transferred into freshly drawn autologous plasma and into Locke's solution. Survival after thawing in terms of saline stability reached 86.3 +/- 2.3%. The cryopreservation procedure caused no major changes with regard to osmotic fragility, 2,3-DPG or intracellular Na+ and K+. ATP was reduced by 16%, but this had completely recovered after 3 h resuspension in autologous plasma. Some morphological changes present after thawing (e.g. stomatocytes, echinocytes) also recovered after 1.5 h. In conclusion, those RBC which survived the preservation process can be considered to be fully viable with regard to the parameters investigated.