PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Baillie

Publications and source records attributed to C Baillie.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid in the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical hyaluronic acid (HA) preparation (0.2%) in the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with RAU participated in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of the topical HA and preparation. Outcome measures include soreness relief on immediate application (recorded over 60 min). Thereafter, patients completed a log diary recording soreness from the ulcers, occurrence of new ulcers and ulcer duration. RESULTS: Both topical HA and placebo resulted in a significant reduction in ulcer soreness following immediate application (P = 0.0004). Throughout the rest of the investigation period, there was no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the treatments for reducing soreness. Patients treated with topical HA recorded few ulcers on day 5 of the investigation than those treated with placebo (P < 0.001). Likewise, the occurrence of new ulcers was lower in the HA treated group on day 4 when compared with placebo (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Topical HA (0.2%) may be of benefit in the management of RAU. Immediate reduction of symptoms appears to be a barrier effect.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2005

Surgical implications of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a syndrome of rare multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation associated with low plasma cholesterol levels. Prior to receiving the diagnosis of SLOS, affected children may present as a neonatal surgical emergency with ambiguous genitalia, Hirschsprung's disease, and pyloric stenosis. We present two fatal cases of SLOS with near-total Hirschsprung's disease; the surgical, anaesthetic, and medical aspects of the cases are discussed, and a literature review is presented.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed2002

Impact of age, submersion time and water temperature on outcome in near-drowning.

BACKGROUND: Because children have less subcutaneous fat, and a higher surface area to body weight ratio than adults, it has been suggested that children cool more rapidly during submersion, and therefore have a better outcome following near-drowning incidents. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the impact of age, submersion time, water temperature and rectal temperature in the emergency room on outcome in near-drowning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included all near-drowning victims admitted to the intensive care units of Helsinki University Central Hospital after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation between 1985 and 1997. RESULTS: There were 61 near-drowning victims (age range: 0.5-60 years, median 29 years). Males were in the majority (40), and 26 were children (<16 years). The median water temperature was 17 degrees C (range: 0-33 degrees C). The median submersion time for the 43 survivors (70%) was 10 min (range: 1-38 min). Intact survivors and those with mild neurological disability (n=26, 43%) had a median submersion time of 5 min (range: 1-21 min). In non-survivors the median submersion time was 16 min (range: 2-75 min). Submersion time was the only independent predictor of survival in linear regression analysis (P<0.01). Patient age, water temperature and rectal temperature in the emergency room were not significant predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Although submersion time is usually an estimate, it is the best prognostic factor after a near drowning incident. Children did not have a better outcome than adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Use of videotapes for viewing at home to inform choice in Down syndrome screening: a randomised controlled trial.

A randomised trial was carried out to assess the effect of a Down syndrome screening video on test uptake, knowledge and psychological stress. A total of 2000 women referred for antenatal care were allocated to two equal groups: one to be sent a video to their home, before their hospital booking visit, and a control group. All women also received screening information in the form of a leaflet before booking and from a midwife at booking. The video had no effect on the screening uptake rate: 638/993 (64.2%) and 652/1007 (64.7%) in the video and control groups, respectively. Women were requested to return the video for reuse in other pregnancies and 612 (62%) did so. A subset of 1200 women were selected to be posted at 17-19 weeks' gestation a self-completed questionnaire to assess the psychological endpoints. Knowledge of screening was increased in the video group with a mean score of 7.3 compared with 6.7 in the controls, a statistically significant difference (t=3.24, p=0.0005). There were no significant differences between the groups in specific worries about abnormalities in the baby, and general anxiety. We conclude that a video can increase knowledge without affecting the uptake of the test, or psychological stress.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2000

Intubation and survival in severe paediatric blunt head injury.

The majority of severe childhood injuries are due to head injuries. We studied the impact of emergency intubation in a cohort of children suffering severe blunt head trauma. A 10-year retrospective case note analysis was performed on 176 children (age < 16 years) with severe blunt head trauma (abbreviated injury scale > or =4) in Southern Finland, who required intensive care in a level 1 trauma centre, or who died despite initiation of life supporting measures at the scene. Children in whom emergency intubation was performed either at the scene, or in the emergency room (ER) were analysed. Of the 59 children who fulfilled the study criteria, 20 had an isolated head injury. Most injuries (56/59) were caused by road traffic accidents. Field-intubation was performed in 24 children, and emergency intubation in the ERs of regional hospitals or the level 1 trauma centre, in 13 and 22 children respectively. Mortality was 54.2% (32/59), and was highest in children intubated in regional hospital ERs or in the field. Children intubated at the scene or in the ER of regional hospitals, had significantly worse AIS (head/neck), injury severity score (ISS), and Glasgow coma (GCS) scores than those children intubated in the ER of the level 1 trauma centre. Survival was better in field-intubated children compared with those intubated in regional hospital ERs, despite similar trauma scores (p = 0.05). It is concluded that although children with severe (AIS > or =4) head injury who require emergency intubation have a high overall mortality, field-intubation may improve survival, compared with 'scoop and run' with BLS airway management and deferred emergency intubation.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗
PubMed1998

Prehospital care and survival of pediatric patients with blunt trauma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of severe blunt trauma in children receiving prehospital care from either physician-staffed advanced life support (ALS) units, or from basic life support (BLS) units staffed by emergency medical technicians. METHODS: The records of 288 children with severe blunt trauma who required intensive care in the regional level 1 trauma center or who died from their injuries were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were excluded if resuscitation at the scene was not attempted, if the level of prehospital care was unspecified, or if arrival at the level 1 trauma center was delayed beyond 150 minutes. Seventy-two patients met the inclusion criteria of BLS-, and 49 the criteria of ALS-prehospital care. RESULTS: A reduced mortality rate (22.4% v 31.9%) was seen in the ALS group, which was more apparent in a "salvageable but high-risk" subgroup, characterized by Glasgow Coma of Scale 4 through 8, Pediatric Trauma Score of 0 through 5, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 25 through 49. However, a statistically significant difference was only seen when trauma severity was evaluated by the ISS. CONCLUSION: An improved outcome in children with severe blunt trauma has been demonstrated when prehospital care is provided by physician-staffed ALS units compared with BLS units.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Segmental colonic motility in patients with anorectal malformations.

BACKGROUND: Constipation is one of the most important functional sequelae in patients with anorectal malformations. The cause of this motility disorder is unknown. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess total colonic transit time (TCT) and segmental colonic transit time (SCT) in patients with anorectal malformations. METHOD: Ninety patients with anorectal malformations (40 low and 50 high; median age, 7 years; range, 3 to 13) and twenty-five healthy children (median age, 8 years; range, 3 to 14 years) underwent measurement of TCT and SCT by the saturation technique. Ten radiopaque markers were ingested daily for 6 days followed by administration of a single abdominal x-ray on day 7. TCT in days was calculated by dividing the number of retained markers in the whole colon by the daily intake. SCT in four colonic segments (right, transverse, left, rectosigmoid) was described as a percentage of TCT (markers in one segment versus total number of retained markers). In high anomalies the degree of rectosigmoid dilatation was assessed by contrast enemas taken before closure of the stoma and later during follow-up. RESULTS: TCT was significantly (P < .03) prolonged in patients with anorectal anomalies (median high, 2.1 days; low, 1.9 days versus 1.3 in healthy subjects). In patients with high anomalies right SCT was prolonged when compared with low anomalies and healthy subjects (median high, 24% versus low, 10% and normal subjects, 10%; P < .01). The impairment was more severe in patients with very high anomalies (P < .005). Patients with a low anomaly had prolonged rectosigmoid SCT (median low, 65% versus high, 43% and normal subjects, 49%; P < .05). Prolonged right colonic SCT and TCT correlated with symptomatic constipation in patients with high anomalies (P < .05) but not with those who had low anomalies. Impaired overall functional outcome correlated with prolonged right colonic SCT in patients with high anomalies and with prolonged rectosigmoid SCT in patients with low anomalies. There was no correlation between the degree of rectosigmoid dilatation and SCT or TCT. CONCLUSION: Patients with anorectal malformations have abnormal colonic motility. The type of motility disorder in low anomalies is rectosigmoid hypomotility. In patients with high anomalies the motility disturbance is more generalized. The overall functional outcome was strongly related to the degree of these motility disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Differential responding to two- and three-year-olds' utterances: the roles of grammaticality and ambiguity.

Mothers have been found to respond differently to grammatical and ungrammatical utterances in young children's language. However, parents indicate that they are conscious only of responding to communicative aspects of their children's speech, not grammar. Further, researchers have looked to the understandability of utterances to explain the effects of grammaticality on maternal responses. The present study addressed the question of whether it is actually grammatical form that mothers respond to, or whether it is ambiguity in the communicative functions of children's utterances. Three mother-child dyads were videotaped in a free play setting when the children were 2;0 and 3;0. Children's spontaneous comprehensible utterances were rated for grammaticality and ambiguity of function, and mothers' responses to them were noted. Results indicated that mothers responded differentially to both the ambiguity and grammaticality of children's utterances, and that these two factors had some degree of independence in their effects on mothers' responses.

Child Language↗