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C Bebear

Publications and source records attributed to C Bebear.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[In vitro action of fosfomycin combined with rifampicin, pefloxacin and imipenem on staphylococci (checkerboard method in a liquid medium)].

The combined activity of fosfomycin with rifampin, pefloxacin and imipenem was investigated, by the checkerboard method performed in liquid medium, against 50 clinical isolates of staphylococci (25 Staphylococcus aureus and 25 coagulase-negative staphylococci). The combination of fosfomycin plus rifampin had an additive bacteriostatic effect and an antagonistic bactericidal effect. Fosfomycin combined with pefloxacin was found to be additive or moderately synergistic. Fosfomycin in combination with imipenem was generally highly synergistic, especially against meticillin-resistant strains; however the bactericidal effect was occasionally antagonistic.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in premature rupture of the membranes].

In 79 hospitalized patients in delivery, the search for U. urealyticum was carried out at the level of the vagina, the rim of the placenta, the edge of the PRM orifice and in the throats of newborns, 3 groups were formed: group I: 38 term patients delivering after ARM, group II: 36 patients delivering after 28 weeks, with PRM group III: 5 patients with premature delivery without PRM. The results demonstrate: a highly significant correlation between the women with PRM and those who have a positive vaginal sample; a highly significant correlation between women with PRM and those who have a positive sample on the membranes; a significant correlation between women with PRM and those who have a positive sample on the placenta. The search for ureaplasma would be carried out in case of PRM.

Extraembryonic Membranes↗
PubMed1987

Ureaplasma-urealyticum-induced bladder stones in rats and their prevention by flurofamide and doxycycline.

Struvite calculi can be produced in the bladder of Sprague-Dawley male rats after injection of ureaplasmas into the renal medulla. Calculi appear 3 to 6 days after ureaplasma injection. We have studied the inhibitory effect of flurofamide, a potent inhibitor of Ureaplasma urealyticum urease, and doxycycline, on the formation of bladder stones. Flurofamide given orally in five doses (total 125 mg) over 3 days and doxycycline in seven doses (total 20 mg) over 4 days partially prevented stone formation only when given at the time of inoculation. Ureaplasmas disappeared rapidly from the urine. The inhibitory effect of flurofamide was higher than that of doxycycline. However, doxycycline seemed to be efficient when given for a long period (5 weeks).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Biological diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections].

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a frequent causal agent of respiratory infections. A recent french survey was carried out on adults in hospital for an acute pneumonia which was acquired outside hospital. This study showed Mycoplasma pneumoniae in third position, behind the pneumococcus and Legionella pneumophila, accounting for 17% of those cases with an established aetiology. Nevertheless its exact importance is difficult to establish on account of the high frequency of very benign forms in which a clinical diagnosis is not achieved. M. pneumoniae pneumonia occurs particularly in young subjects without any seasonal or geographical predominance. The infection is endemic with little epidemic peaks every four to five years. It is weakly contagious and is limited to close contacts. The laboratory diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia can be made by isolating the germ responsible or by a serological examination. Isolation is rarely performed. It is lengthy and difficult and may be obtained from sputum or better from throat swabs. Several serological examinations have been performed. The presence of cold agglutinins is non specific. A search for anti M. pneumoniae antibodies is much more helpful. It is done by complement fixation in most laboratories. The diagnosis of a M. pneumoniae infection can be confirmed by a significant change in antibody level between the first and second blood specimens 15 days apart (at least a four fold rise in the antibody level) if the first specimen was taken at the beginning of the illness. If a single serum specimen is examined a minimum titre of 1/64 may be taken as a presumptive diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1985

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Mycoplasma pathogenic for man].

Human pathogen mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum) are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics which inhibit the cell wall biosynthesis (beta-lactams, vancomycin, bacitracin), to polymyxins, rifamycins, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, 5-nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans and to presently available quinolones. These three species are moderately susceptible to aminoglycosides, susceptible to chloramphenicol and highly susceptible to tetracyclines. M. pneumoniae is susceptible to macrolides, lincosamins and streptogramins. M. hominis is resistant to early macrolides (erythromycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin) and susceptible to new macrolides (josamycin, midecamycin, rosaramicin), lincosamins and streptogramins. U. urealyticum is resistant to lincosamins and susceptible to macrolides and streptogramins. Discordant results from various reports can be explained by differences in methods and breakpoint concentration values. In M. pneumoniae species, two strains resistant to macrolides and lincosamins have been described. In M. hominis species, one strain resistant to tetracyclines and another one resistant to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol have been reported. Two to ten percent of U. urealyticum strains are resistant to tetracyclines. These resistances are likely to be plasmid-mediated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Chlamydia trachomatis: detection using a direct test and culture in 100 genital specimens].

We have used in routine fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibodies to detect directly C. trachomatis in genital smears from 68 men with urethritis and 32 women with leukorrhoea or cervicitis. We have compared the results with those obtained by culture on cycloheximide treated McCoy cells stained by Giemsa. C. trachomatis was detected in men respectively from 31 per cent of urethral specimens by culture and 29 per cent by direct test and in women from 12 per cent of cervical specimens by culture and 9 per cent by direct test. There was agreement between the results in 92 per cent of the specimen tested. Discrepancies were observed in case of low number of inclusions in culture or low number of elementary bodies in direct test. The direct test seems a rapid and sensitive method and can be performed by many laboratories.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative activity of minocycline and doxycycline on mycoplasmas pathogenic for man].

Susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (10 strains), Mycoplasma hominis (20 strains) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (100 strains) to minocycline and doxycycline was studied in vitro. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined using an agar dilution method for M. pneumoniae and M. hominis and a metabolic inhibition test for U. urealyticum. M. pneumoniae strains were highly susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline (MIC less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l). Among M. hominis strains, 17 were susceptible (MIC less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l), whereas 3 were inhibited only by concentrations ranging from 4 to 16 mg/l. Among the 100 U. urealyticum strains, 95 were inhibited by 4 mg/l minocycline and 94 by 4 mg/l doxycycline. Both antibiotics exhibited similar activities against the three species (same ranges, same mode MICs).

Doxycycline↗
PubMed1985

[Influence of chlorhexidine on the flora of burns].

The effect of chlorhexidine baths on surface and in-depth colonization of burns was studied in 12 severely burned patients. 202 swabs and 202 biopsy specimens were cultured. Each patient was sampled before and after a daily chlorhexidine bath on several days. Subsequent to bathing, 41% of swabs became sterile and a 1.41 log10 reduction in the number of germs in biopsy specimens was observed. However, deep flora was unchanged in almost half of cases (43.3%) and was reduced by only 1 to 2 log10 in one-third of cases (35.3%). Chlorhexidine added to baths inhibited surface bacterial growth but had an inconsistent and limited effect on in-depth colonization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin on Gram-negative bacilli and strict anaerobic bacteria. Multicenter study].

This work reports a multicenter study of the bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin, a new N-acyl-penicillin, against 1 827 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli and obligate anaerobes. The modal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible strains are (mg/l) : Salmonella-Shigella : 1 ; E. coli : 0.5-2 ; Klebsiella : 4 ; Citrobacter : 1-2 ; Enterobacter : 2 ; Serratia : 8 ; Proteus-Providencia : 1 ; Acinetobacter : 1-4 ; P. aeruginosa : 2 ; H. influenzae : 0.06 ; C. perfringens : 0.03-01 ; Peptococcus : 0.2 ; B. fragilis : 16. Against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, apalcillin is as active as mezlocillin and piperacillin, and much more than carbenicillin. Against P. aeruginosa, apalcillin is the most active penicillin : 2 to 16 fold more active than azlocillin and piperacillin, and 2 to 128 fold more active than ticarcillin. Against H. influenzae, C. perfringens and Peptococcus, apalcillin has MICs similar to those of other N-acyl penicillins, and inferior to those of carboxypenicillins . Apalcillin, as other penicillins, is poorly active against B. fragilis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

[Calculi experimentally obtained in the rat by intrarenal injection of Ureaplasma urealyticum].

Male Sprague Dawley rats have been contaminated with Ureaplasma urealyticum (by injection in their kidney of a 10(8) C.C.U. suspension of micro-organisms of human origin). They produce urinary tract stones similar to the humans ones and composed of struvite crystals (NH4MgPO4, 6H2O). It is concluded that such a model is a very good tool to develop new research on struvite lithiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetics of apalcillin. Study of linearity].

Apalcillin is a new semi-synthetic penicillin active on the positive Gram bacteria, and on the enterobacteria, with a particular activity on Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The linearity study of the pharmacokinetic was carried out on 26 subjects who were given increasing doses (500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 mg) of apalcillin by the venous route. The dosages carried out by the HPLC and bacteriological methods, show a good correlation between the two methods. The serum concentrations, 5 mn. after injection, were respectively 72 micrograms/ml (500 mg); 145 micrograms/ml (1 g) ; 221 micrograms/ml (2 g) ; 290 micrograms/ml (3 g). Urinary excretion is around 20 %, and this, regardless of the dose. The dose increase seems to have no effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters, calculated on the basis of a bi- compartmental model. The areas under the time serum concentrations, increase proportionally, to the dose : 61 (500 mg) ; 146 (1 g) ; 285 (2 g) ; 367 (3 g) - micrograms/ml X h. the linear regression between the AUC (y) and the applied doses (X) is : y = 0,12 X + 14,27 ; r = 0,9046 ; n = 69. The correlation between the AUC and the doses is significant (p less than 0,001). The results obtained show that increasing the dosage has no effect on apalcillin pharmacokinetics, which appear linear.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative bacteriostatic activity of ticarcillin, alone and combined with clavulanic acid, 5 cephalosporins and metronidazole against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis].

In vitro activity against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis of ticarcillin alone and combined with 4 or 8 mg of clavulanic acid was compared with those of cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, lamoxactam , ceftriaxone and metronidazole. The Cl 90 was 29.7 mg/l for ticarcillin alone, and 1.3 and 0.5 mg/l for ticarcillin combined with 4 and 8 mg of clavulanic acid respectively. Every strain was susceptible to ticarcillin combined with clavulanic acid (CMI less than or equal to 16 mg/l) and metronidazole (CMI less than or equal to 4 mg/l). Among the cephalosporins tested, lamoxactam (Cl 90 : 1 mg/l) was the most active, followed by cefotaxime (22.7 mg/l), cefoxitin (23 mg/l), ceftriaxone (51.2 mg/l) and ceftazidime (347 mg/l).

Bacteroides fragilis↗
PubMed1983

[Mycobacterium szulgai pulmonary mycobacteriosis, Apropos of a new case].

A case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium szulgai is reported in a 58-year-old man. Clinical and radiological features suggested tuberculosis. The etiologic agent was M. szulgai which was recovered from six sputum samples. The condition has remained unchanged without therapy for four years.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Apalcillin: in vitro activity compared with that of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter].

The in vitro activity of apalcillin was compared with that of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter. 1 168 strains were tested by a routine disk diffusion method. They were grouped into different patterns of resistance by results to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalotin. The MICs were determined for 300 of these strains. Apalcillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin are active against most strains of E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella and C. diversus resistant to carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Apalcillin is the most active penicillin against Acinetobacter; it is almost as active as piperacillin, the best drug against Enterobacteriaceae.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative in vitro effect of 7 quinolones on Ureaplasma urealyticum].

Some new quinolones may be used for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis. U. urealyticum is considered as a potential agent of urethritis. This report describes the in vitro antimicrobial activity of seven quinolones against 45 clinical isolates of U. urealyticum. The MIC's geometric mean is (microgram/ml): rosoxacin (1,74), pefloxacin (4,6), oxolinic acid (9), flumequin (12,12), norfloxacin (15,75), nalidixic acid (27). Pipemidic acid is constantly inactive (greater than 128 micrograms/ml). The results of these susceptibility studies provide support for undertaking clinical evaluations of new quinolones against infections with U. urealyticum.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmacokinetic study of apalcillin after infusion].

Apalcillin is a new semi-synthetic penicillin of the uridino-penicillin group. The study comprises two groups of 6 subjects receiving 1 g and 2 g respectively of apalcilline by a two-hour infusion. The assays done by HPLC and microbiology show a good correlation between the two methods. The serum concentrations at the end of the infusion are: 32,2 micrograms/ml-1 (1 g) and 62,7 micrograms/ml-1 (2 g). The modelisation of the serum curves has been realized according to an open model with two compartments. A phase of rapid distribution is observed: t 1/2 alpha of 19.5 mn (1 g), 8.96 mn (2 g) followed by a phase of longer elimination: t 1/2 beta of 1.17 h (1 g), 1.15 h (2 g). The distribution volume at the steady-state is: 14.19 l (1 g), 14.76 l (2 g). This volume, much greater than the plasmatic volume, allows to suppose a good tissular diffusion of apalcilline. The urinary concentrations of the twelve first hours are: 182.64 micrograms/ml (1 g), 323 micrograms/ml (2 g). The urinary elimination during the 24 hours following the administration is: 18.58% (1 g), 16.47% (2 g).

Adult↗