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Biomedical subjects

C Bergquist

Publications and source records attributed to C Bergquist.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Endometrial morphology after 6 months of continuous treatment with a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist for contraception.

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on endometrial curettage specimens from 27 women after 6 months of contraceptive treatment with continuous intranasal gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) superagonist. The GnRH superagonist nafarelin acetate (D-Nal[2]6-GnRH) was used in single daily doses of 125 or 250 micrograms. Ovulation was inhibited during all but one of the 159 treatment months. No pregnancies occurred. In 6 women with fairly regular bleedings, the endometrium displayed weak to normal proliferation. Twenty women developed oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, 16 of them had inactive endometrium, 1 had weakly proliferative endometrium, and 3 endometrial biopsies were too sparse for adequate evaluation. One woman reported repeated episodes of heavy uterine bleedings. The endometrial biopsy from this woman showed weak proliferation. No signs of endometrial hyperplasia were observed. Generally, the electron microscopy showed signs of low metabolic activity and weak protein synthesis. Thus, long-term continuous treatment with nafarelin acetate for inhibition of ovulation does not appear to have untoward effects on the endometrium.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1987

Increased bone turnover during gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist-induced ovulation inhibition.

Superactive stimulatory analogs of GnRH inhibit ovulation in women. This investigation was done to assess bone turnover during GnRH agonist-induced anovulation. Particular interest was directed to the effects of smoking, since smokers have an increased risk of osteoporosis. Fasting serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, and bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin) levels, as well as urinary calcium, cAMP, and hydroxyproline excretion and the renal tubular threshold for phosphate were determined before and after 6 months of GnRH superagonist contraceptive treatment in 47 women, 22 of whom smoked more than 10 cigarettes daily. Before treatment the women who smoked had significantly higher serum phosphate concentrations and lower serum PTH concentrations than the women who did not smoke. Fasting serum calcium and the urinary calcium to creatinine ratio increased after treatment in all women, especially in the nonsmokers. The nonsmokers also had more pronounced increases in serum phosphate and osteocalcin concentrations. A decrease in serum PTH during treatment was confined to the nonsmokers. These results suggest increased bone resorption and turnover during GnRH agonist-induced anovulation and indicate that smoking habits should be taken into account in the evaluation of bone disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intranasal peptide contraception by inhibition of ovulation with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist nafarelin: six months' clinical results.

Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception. The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women. Ovulation was consistently inhibited during 261 of 262 treatment months. No pregnancy occurred during 222 months in which no additional contraceptives were used. The mean plasma estradiol level after 6 months of treatment was 162 pmol/l. The predominant bleeding pattern was oligomenorrhea. Three women on the lower dose and six women on the higher dose discontinued the trial prematurely, mainly because of hot flushes. No serious side effects were reported. Ovulatory menstruations returned after a median time of 43 days after discontinuation of therapy. Daily intranasal nafarelin treatment for inhibition of ovulation proved to be an effective and rapidly reversible method of contraception.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Morphological studies of human endometrium during continuous LH-RH agonist treatment.

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on endometrial biopsies from seven healthy women after 2 to 17 months of daily intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist treatment for contraceptive purposes. Hormone analyses revealed inhibition of ovulation in all the women. Light microscopy showed an inactive or weak proliferative endometrial pattern, with no signs of hyperplasia. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium displayed signs of low metabolic activity. Since the results are contradictory to those earlier presented by others, further studies are necessary to exclude the potential risk of hyperestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium during continuous LH-RH agonist treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in preterm infants.

Estradiol-producing ovarian cysts were found in four very preterm females at a postconceptional age that slightly preceded the expected time of delivery. The serum concentration of estradiol was very high. In the first infant one cystic ovary was removed surgically. When cysts appeared in the other ovary, the girl was treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. The serum concentration of estradiol then fell and the cysts disappeared. Medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment was given also to the second girl, who had a high and rising serum concentration of estradiol. In infants 3 and 4 the cysts disappeared and the serum estradiol normalized spontaneously. Measurements of serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone before and after an iv injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone showed that preterm girls with early estradiol-producing ovarian cysts have a postpubertal type of response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. When the test is repeated some months later they have a prepubertal type of response, which is normal for their age.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of ovulation by intranasal nafarelin, a new superactive agonist of GnRH.

Thirty healthy female volunteers used a new superactive stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for inhibition of ovulation and contraception during 3 months. The potent GnRH agonist nafarelin (D-Nal(2)6-GnRH) was administered intranasally in a daily dose of 125 micrograms to 15 women and 250 micrograms to 15 women. The treatment inhibited ovulation in all women during the 89 months of therapy. No pregnancies occurred during 59 treatment months in which no additional contraceptives were used. The mean estradiol concentration decreased during the 3-month treatment within the normal range for the early to mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The results suggest that the GnRH agonist nafarelin has a potential for contraception by inhibition of ovulation in women.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1984

Peptide contraception in women. Inhibition of ovulation by chronic intranasal LRH agonist therapy.

Seventy-one healthy female volunteers used the LRH superagonist D-Ser(TBU) 6-EA10-LRH (buserelin) for contraception during 3-26 months. One daily dose of 200-600 micrograms was administered by the nasal route. No pregnancy occurred during the 628 treatment months. The bleeding pattern varied from fairly regular menstrual bleedings (n = 26) to oligomenorrhoea (n = 27) and amenorrhoea (n = 18). No severe or dysfunctional bleeding disturbances were observed. No signs of hyperplastic changes of the endometrium were found in 57 endometrial biopsies. After cessation of the long-term treatment normal ovulation and menstruation returned after 41.3 days, on average. Thus, intranasal administration of an LRH agonist for inhibition of ovulation is a promising new contraceptive method for women.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonic measurement of ovarian follicles during chronic LRH agonist treatment for contraception.

Ultrasonic examinations of ovarian follicles were performed in seven healthy women on continuous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) agonist treatment for contraception. Four of the women had 1-4 uterine bleedings during the four-month study period and the remaining three women developed amenorrhea. The follicle diameter varied during LRH agonist treatment up to or above the preovulatory size of the normal menstrual cycle in the menstruating group of women. No ovulation occurred as judged by the low progesterone levels in serum. Slightly raised progesterone concentrations (mean 7.6 nmol/l) were observed during four treatment cycles with persistent follicles indicating luteinization of unruptured follicles. No or only small ovarian follicles (8-10 mm) were visualized by ultrasound in the amenorrheic group of women. This study further establish previous reports that chronic LRH agonist treatment effectively inhibits normal ovulation in regularly menstruating women.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

Human gonadotropin therapy. I. Serum estradiol and progesterone patterns during conceptual cycles.

Hormone patterns during 43 conceptual cycles induced by human gonadotropins in 37 women with anovulatory infertility were analyzed. The treatment was monitored by daily determinations of estradiol (E2) in serum. The incidence of both multiple pregnancies and abortions during the gonadotropin therapy was high (30%). When the hormone patterns during the human menopausal gonadotropin-induced conceptual cycles were compared with spontaneous conceptual cycles, it became evident that the ovaries were hyperstimulated during the follicular and luteal phases of the induced cycle. The mean serum E2 level at induction of ovulation did not differ between treatment courses resulting in single or multiple pregnancies. The endogenous estrogen secretion at the initiation of treatment was lower in the multiple pregnancy group than in the single pregnancy group. The active phase, i.e., when the estrogens progressively increase during the late follicular phase of the induced cycle, was found to be prolonged in the multiple pregnancy group. The prolonged follicular stimulation by human menopausal gonadotropin might explain why multiple ovulations and pregnancies occur. Thus, both the duration of the active phase of follicular stimulation and the E2 level at the day of induction of ovulation by human chorionic gonadotropin should be determined for optimal monitoring of human gonadotropin therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Human gonadotropin therapy. II. Serum estradiol and progesterone patterns during nonconceptual cycles.

Hormone patterns during 113 nonconceptual gonadotropin-induced cycles of 65 infertile anovulatory women were analyzed. All but one women ovulated, i.e., the ovulation rate was 98%. Signs of defective corpus luteum function were observed during 8 cycles, and anovulation occurred in 11 treatment cycles. The duration of the active phase of the follicular stimulation was shorter during cycles with defective luteal phases and anovulatory cycles. The mean estradiol level at induction of ovulation by human chorionic gonadotropin did not differ between the groups. Premature ovulation was observed in six treatment cycles. No case of severe hyperstimulation was encountered. The hormone pattern during gonadotropin-induced conceptual cycles did not differ in comparison with gonadotropin-induced nonconceptual ovulatory cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intranasal LHRH agonist treatment for inhibition of ovulation in women: clinical aspects.

Daily intranasal administration of the potent stimulatory LHRH analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LHRH was given to fifty healthy women for 3 months. Twenty-six women received 400 micrograms LHRH agonist/day and twenty-four women received 600 microgram/day. Inhibition of ovulation occurred during 147 of the 150 treatment months. The three presumptively ovulatory cycles were probably the result of initial technical problems with the nasal spray. No pregnancies occurred. Reactivation of corpus luteum with slightly raised progesterone levels in serum at initiation of treatment was observed in six women. During 20 month treatment the serum progesterone levels were slightly raised, indicating luteinization of follicles or defect luteal phases. Most of the women had menstrual-like bleeding during treatment. Seventeen volunteers had regular bleeding and twenty-three women had oligomenorrhoea. No dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurred, but three women reported spotting. The remaining ten women had amenorrhoea during treatment without any symptoms of oestrogen deficiency. After discontinuation of treatment the women regained ovulatory menstrual cycles after 31 days on average. The treatment was very well accepted by all the women.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1982

Failure of positive feedback of oestradiol during chronic intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment.

An oestrogen provocation test was performed in five healthy women during chronic intranasal treatment with 400 or 600 micrograms of the superactive LHRH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LHRH daily. Oestradiol benzoate 2.5 mg was administered intramuscularly after at least 3 months of LHRH agonist treatment. The serum levels of FSH and LH were not affected by the oestrogen injection. Failure of positive feedback of oestradiol may be one explanation for the inhibition of ovulation which occurs during chronic LHRH agonist treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Long-term intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment for contraception in women.

Fifty-one female volunteers used a superactive stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog for suppression of ovulation for 3 to 12 months. The potent LH-RH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH was administered intranasally once daily in a dose of 400 or 600 micrograms. No pregnancies occurred during the 283 treatment months. Severe bleeding disturbances were not observed during the long-term treatment. No signs of hyperplastic changes were found in endometrial biopsies. There were no serious side effects. Ovulation promptly returned after cessation of treatment even in women with amenorrhea during treatment periods of 1 year or more. Thus, long-term LH-RH agonist treatment proved to be a safe, effective, and rapidly reversible new method for peptide contraception.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1981

Endometrial patterns in women on chronic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment for contraception.

Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 healthy women under chronic intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist treatment for evaluation of the risk of endometrial hyperplasia during long-term inhibition of ovulation. A single daily dose of 400 or 600 microgram of the superactive LH-RH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH was given for 13 to 55 weeks. Treatment was monitored by clinical examination, basal body temperature (BBT) recordings, and frequently taken venous blood specimens for determination of estradiol and progesterone. Ovulation was inhibited during all but 2 of the 102 treatment cycles. No pregnancy occurred. Six of the women had slight menstrual-like bleeding, and six hac amenorrhea during the treatment period. No dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurred. The dominating histologic picture of the 17 endometrial biopsies, obtained after 78 to 380 days of treatment, was inactive or weak proliferative glands with slightly atrophic stroma. There were no signs of hyperplasia. After discontinuation of treatment ovulatory menstrual cycle rapidly returned.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Luteolysis induced by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist is prevented by human chorionic gonadotropin.

The superactive stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRh was administered intranasally to five healthy women in a daily dose of 600 microgram during two successive days of the mid-luteal phase. Both the basal serum progesterone levels and the length of the luteal phase were reduced, i.e. luteolysis occurred. Three women who were given additional treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in a daily intramuscular dose of 1500 IU for 10 days, had increased basal progesterone levels and a prolongation of the luteal phase. Thus, HCG prevented the luteolytic effect caused by the LRH agonist.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on luteal function in women.

The potent stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered once daily during the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle. The treatment was instituted in the early or mid-luteal phase of the cycle. Early luteal phase institution of intranasal treatment with 600 micrograms of the LRH agonist once daily reduced the basal progesterone levels during the luteal phase in 4 women but did not cause premature onset of menstruation. Mid-luteal phase institution of subcutaneous treatment with 10 micrograms of the LRH agonist once daily did not affect the progesterone levels or reduce the length of the luteal phase in 5 women. Thus, daily postovulatory administration of the LRH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH did not cause luteolysis in normally cycling women.

Adult↗