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Biomedical subjects

C Biddle

Publications and source records attributed to C Biddle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Transdermal and transmucosal administration of pain-relieving and anxiolytic drugs: a primer for the critical care practitioner.

Recent developments in both applied dermal physiology and in pharmaceutical technology are paving the way towards the introduction of novel routes of drug administration which will have both a direct and an indirect effect on critical care practice. Among these approaches, transdermal and transmucosal applications appear particularly promising because of the accessibility, noninvasiveness, compliance, safety, and efficacy associated with the techniques. Fentanyl, as the prototypical opioid for transdermal and transmucosal applications, and midazolam (a benzodiazepine) will ultimately be replaced with newer synthetic compounds specifically formulated for these routes of administration.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed1992

AANA Journal course: update for nurse anesthetists--monitoring the brain for hypoxic events.

Monitoring of brain oxygen content is highly desirable as this organ is highly intolerant to hypoxia from a variety of possible etiologies, many of which can occur during the administration of anesthesia. Most of the modalities directed at brain oxygen monitoring are highly technical and currently are in various stages of evolution worldwide. These approaches include those which access brain oxygen content by both direct and indirect means. This lesson reviews the major areas of research currently underway and suggests that we should be optimistic that this technology may be available to us clinically in the foreseeable future.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1991

The morbidity and mortality conference: a prolegomenon on its role as an anesthesia risk-management tool.

Although the morbidity and mortality conference (MMC) is an essential component of any anesthesia risk-management program, it has not undergone systematic analysis. All MMC narratives detailing the proceedings at two university centers from June 1988 to June 1990 were examined by content analysis and the unique perspectives of MMC participants were captured. The majority of MMC events were of an educational or informational nature; 32% dealt with patient complications, and 14% involved incidents that could have led to detrimental outcomes. Participant beliefs were ultimately organized into categories describing "the lived experience" of the MMC. These included (1) disclosure of knowledge, (2) correspondence of relationship, (3) teaching conformity to rule, (4) developing a sense of aplomb, (5) preparation for litigation, (6) the ceremony, (7) a quality-assurance mechanism, (8) a personal lambaste function, and (9) an instrument of punitive retribution. The MMC appeared improperly named; "case conference" or "clinical teaching conference" may serve as a more accurate rubric. The MMC played a variety of cognitive and affective roles. Recognition of the nature of the teaching and learning associated with the MMC will allow risk managers to utilize it optimally in achieving envisioned objectives that enhance patient outcomes.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1991

AANA Journal course: new technologies in anesthesia: update for nurse anesthetists--a look to the future--transdermal and transmucosal administration of anesthetic drugs.

Recent developments in both applied dermal physiology and in pharmaceutical technology are paving the way toward the introduction of novel routes of drug administration into anesthetic practice. Among these approaches, transdermal and transmucosal applications have shown particular promise in clinical trials all over the world. The emergence of new drug administration techniques that help to improve drug compliance, enhance safety and diminish both physical and psychological trauma will prove to be desirable additions to the anesthetist's armamentarium. This installment of the AANA Journal course will explore the latest developments in these areas destined to have a significant impact on the nurse anesthetist's clinical practice.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed1991

The clinical nurse anesthetist as diagnostic sleuth.

Two cases are presented where observations made during anesthetic management led to appropriate diagnoses that otherwise might not have occurred in a timely fashion. In the first case, an early diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was facilitated; while in the second case, an improbable response led to rethinking of the initial diagnosis. The role of the nurse anesthetist in being alert to the consequences of unusual clinical and theoretical responses on behalf of the patient is depicted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The nature of sleep.

Normal human sleep is often described as a state of reduced activity and reactivity, a kind of low general vigilance. Despite decades of intense scrutiny, our understanding of natural sleep is still incomplete. The two fundamental stages of sleep, nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM), are present in man as well as animals. Problems with sleep are frequent complaints of modern man, and a variety of these complaints are explored. Cognizance of the essence of normal human sleep may facilitate the anesthetist's understanding of pharmacologically induced sleep.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

The efficacy of sighs in patients with COPD undergoing general anesthesia and controlled ventilation.

Fourteen patients with COPD underwent elective procedures below the umbilicus, all receiving a standard anesthetic. They were randomized to one of four groups differentiated by the presence or absence of sighing during mechanical ventilation. Patients who were sighed experienced both statistically and clinically significant improvement in their oxygenation efficiency as measured by the alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Insulin-like growth factors and the multiplication of Tera-2, a human teratoma-derived cell line.

A human teratoma cell line (Tera-2) was grown in serum-free medium, and the population multiplication was stimulated by the addition of somatomedins/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Both IGF-I and IGF-II gave maximal stimulation when added daily at 10 ng ml-1. The IGFs did not substantially change the labelling index of the cells, and the IGFs appeared to exert their effect on population multiplication by increasing cell survival. Membranes isolated from Tera-2 cells displayed both type 1 and type 2 IGF receptors.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1987

Expression of c-myc during differentiation of the human teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-2.

The quantity of c-myc mRNA was measured during the retinoic-acid-induced differentiation of the pluripotent human teratoma cell line, Tera-2 cl. 13. As the cells were exposed to retinoic acid for longer periods of time the duration of the cell cycle progressively increased (measured by the rate of S phase entry) until the cells were effectively quiescent and expressed characteristic differentiation markers. Under these circumstances steady-state levels of c-myc expression increased by up to 1.6-fold with respect to rapidly growing undifferentiated cells. Southern blot analysis of the c-myc genes in Tera-2 indicated no major rearrangement or amplification in the cell line.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1987

Self-esteem in nurse anesthesia students: a national investigation.

The purpose of the study was to determine the self-esteem (SE) profile of nurse anesthesia students and identify education or biographic variables that influenced positive self-esteem. It was the assumption of the investigators that these variables, once described, could be used in curriculum planning and development to facilitate positive learning outcomes. A sample of 96 nurse anesthesia students, selected by random stratification, provided data by means of the Tennessee Self-concept Scale (TSCS) and an investigator-devised questionnaire. Correlation coefficients and analysis of variance were run on score subscales of the TSCS grouped according to nine education and biographic variables. Sample TSCS profiles were found comparable to control groups. Students reporting high grade point averages (GPAs) and married students demonstrated higher SE profiles than other groups. Gender, degree of physician mentorship, time in training, degree levels of generic nursing or anesthesia education, years of critical care experience, or anesthesia program base did not significantly influence SE measures.

Achievement↗