Biomedical subjects

C Boreham

Publications and source records attributed to C Boreham.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Long term health implications of fitness and physical activity patterns.

Northern Ireland has the highest incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the world. The physical fitness, activity patterns, health knowledge, attitudes, and dietary habits of a random, stratified sample of 3211 Northern Irish children, comprising 1540 boys and 1671 girls, age range 11-18 years were examined. At all ages boys were significantly more active than girls. The most important finding was an appreciable decline in physical activity levels after the age of 14 years reaching extremely low levels in older girls. While 75% of exercise taken was not related to school, physical education classes constituted the only exercise taken by one third of pupils. Girls had healthier nutritional habits and were more inclined to employ weight control measures than boys. There was a preponderance of children with a higher body mass index indicating a tendency to obesity in the child population. Over 20% of school leavers of both sexes regularly smoked cigarettes and 20% regularly drank alcohol. The postulated relationship between childhood inactivity, adult sedentary lifestyle, and increased risk of CHD raises serious cause for concern regarding the future cardiovascular health of many children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Correction of fasting hyperglycaemia with insulin or sulphonylurea lowers fasting ketone levels, but does not alter resting or post-glucose energy expenditure in non insulin dependent diabetes. Differences between the OGTT and the glucose clamp.

Sixteen non-obese non insulin dependent diabetic patients had a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with simultaneous measurement of intermediary metabolites and of overall energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry during the test. The same patients had a 3H3 glucose infusion and hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp procedure with glucose held at 10.0 mmol/l and insulin infused at 40 mU/m2/min. The changes in glucose and fat metabolism, in total energy balance and the fall in RQ during the glucose tolerance test did not correlate with the measures of hepatic glucose output or peripheral insulin resistance in these patients. Although the concept of insulin resistance is useful in considering the non insulin dependent diabetic state, the data derived from the body responses to a single glucose load are more relevant to the day to day fluctuation of the internal environment.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1987

Combined extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy.

In a retrospective study in a consecutive series of operations performed by the author, 13 eyes in 10 patients underwent combined extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and trabeculectomy. All had significant cataract and chronic open-angle glaucoma with field loss, uncontrolled or marginally controlled on maximum tolerable medical treatment. All had a postoperative reduction in intraocular pressure. Significant complications included malignant glaucoma (in two eyes) and a late choroidal detachment (in one eye). The indications for and the advantages of the combined procedure are discussed, emphasising the advantages of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber lens implantation, in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG).

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physical activity, physical fitness and respiratory function--exercise and respiratory function.

The aim of the study was to establish patterns of respiratory function in Northern Ireland and to examine the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and respiratory function. We identified 1600 adults over 16 yr using 2 stage probability sampling. Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire, physical fitness from oxygen uptake while walking on a treadmill, and respiratory function using spirometry. The main outcome measures were a physical activity profile based on computer assisted interview, physical fitness by predicted VO2max, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1). We found that the main findings were of relationships between activity and FVC and FEV 1 which remained after adjustment for possible confounders in men, and between fitness and FVC and FEV 1 in both men and women although these were not sustained after adjustment for possible confounders.

Adolescent↗