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Biomedical subjects

C Borelli

Publications and source records attributed to C Borelli.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Mycological laboratory].

The clinical presentation of fungal infections of the skin, hair, or nails may be varied and confusing. To avoid delays in treatment and early spread of the infection, adequate diagnostics are necessary. This requires both the clinical expertise of the physicians as well as the capability to perform various laboratory tests. Classical methods are based on microscopy, different culture procedures, and histological examination. Genotypic approaches for the detection and identification of fungal pathogens have improved the speed and accuracy of laboratory diagnosis in the last few years, although further evaluation using molecular biology-based methods should be routinely applied in practice.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2006

Photodynamic therapy of genital condylomata in men.

Current treatments for genital condylomata are not completely satisfactory, as they fail to clear lesions in a proportion of patients, and relapses after successful treatment are frequently seen. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been suggested as a novel treatment option. We performed a small open study using topical 5-ALA and red light (630 nm) in nine men with genital condylomata and a history of at least one previous unsuccessful conventional treatment. Complete cure was achieved in three patients, one of whom experienced a relapse after 3 weeks. Three patients showed partial responses, and three showed no response. Based on the currently available evidence, PDT is a viable treatment option for selected cases that fail to respond to other therapies.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Current state of three-dimensional characterisation of antifungal targets and its use for molecular modelling in drug design.

The alarming rise in life-threatening systemic fungal infections due to the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains had produced an increased demand for new antimycotics, especially those targeting novel antifungal structures. Drug discovery has developed from screening natural products and chemical synthesis to a modern approach, namely structure-based drug design. Whilst many antifungal agents currently in use were discovered more than 30 years ago, characterisation of various drug targets has only been achieved recently, contributing immensely to understanding the structure-activity relationships of antifungals and their targets. Three-dimensional characterisation has become a well established tool for modern antifungal drug research and should play an important role in investigations for new antifungal agents.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed2005

Deep subcutaneous application of poly-L-lactic acid as a filler for facial lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients.

INTRODUCTION: Facial lipoatrophy is a crucial problem of HIV-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), provided as New-Fill/Sculptra, is known as one possible treatment option. In 2004 PLA was approved by the FDA as Sculptra for the treatment of lipoatrophy of the face in HIV-infected patients. While the first trials demonstrated relevant efficacy, this was to some extent linked to unwanted effects. As the depth of injection was considered relevant in this context, the application modalities of the preparation were changed. The preparation was to be injected more deeply into subcutaneous tissue, after increased dilution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To test this approach we performed a pilot study following the new recommendations in 14 patients. RESULTS: While the efficacy turned out to be about the same, tolerability was markedly improved. The increase in facial dermal thickness was particularly obvious in those patients who had suffered from lipoatrophy for a comparatively small period of time. CONCLUSION: With the new recommendations to dilute PLA powder and to inject it into the deeper subcutaneous tissue nodule formation is a minor problem. However, good treatment results can only be achieved if lipoatrophy is not too intense; treatment intervals should be about 2-3 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Light, laser and PDT therapy for acne].

In recent years, a number of studies have evaluated the treatment of acne using electromagnetic waves, such as lasers, photodynamic therapy, visible light or radio waves. While the efficacy of laser treatment is still uncertain, photodynamic therapy shows promising results, but with marked side-effects, as destruction of sebaceous glands. Treatment with blue light (405-420 nm wavelength) also appears effective and can be regarded as an treatment option for inflammatory acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

[Pathophysiology of acne].

Several pathogenic factors contribute to the development of acne, among them, seborrhea, follicular hyperkeratosis, propionibacteria, and inflammatory events. This article reviews current knowledge of these pathogenic factors.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Induction of a chemoattractive proinflammatory cytokine response after stimulation of keratinocytes with Propionibacterium acnes and coproporphyrin III.

BACKGROUND: The inflammation in acne vulgaris is widely thought to be induced by an immunological reaction, but the role of Propionibacterium acnes is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To examine the local host response mechanism of a keratinocyte cell line 3 h and 6 h after stimulation with viable and heat-killed P. acnes. METHODS: The quantitative expression of cytokines was measured at the mRNA level by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The coincubation of a keratinocyte cell line with viable, but not heat-killed, P. acnes modulated an adequate cytokine response for interleukin (IL)-1beta, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-8. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the in vivo porphyrin pattern secreted by P. acnes revealed a predominance of coproporphyrin III in acne lesions. This same porphyrin fraction also modestly induced IL-8 expression by keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: This cytokine pattern may favour a chemotactic response and implicates P. acnes and coproporphyrin III in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of infection and in the development of acne lesions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2001

Xanthelasma palpebrarum: treatment with the erbium:YAG laser.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Xanthelasma palpebrarum presents a therapeutic and aesthetic challenge because of its high visibility and frequent rate of recurrence with a wide variety of treatments. Many patients are disappointed by an initial unsuccessful treatment and fail to return for further therapy until the skin problem has become quite conspicuous. A simple treatment with few side effects and good acceptance remains an important goal. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with a total of 33 xanthelasma lesions, were treated by an erbium:YAG laser. The follow-up period of observation was between seven and twelve months. RESULTS: All lesions were removed without hyperpigmentation or scarring. CONCLUSIONS: The erbium:YAG laser represents an effective means for treating xanthelasmas with few side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Field trials of an oral calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever in periparturient dairy cows.

Trials were conducted to test the efficacy of a calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever and to improve the health of dairy cows. Each calcium propionate treatment tube supplied 37 g of calcium. In trials involving Holstein herds and a Jersey herd, two (trials 1 and 2) or three (trial 3) calcium propionate tubes were given at calving and again at 12 h after calving. For the Jersey herd, calcium propionate treatment (two tubes) reduced the incidence of milk fever from 50% in control cows to 29% in treated cows. Plasma obtained 24 h after calving from treated cows had higher calcium, lower NEFA, and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations than did plasma from control cows. No other benefits of calcium propionate treatment were significant for health or for productivity of the cows. Calcium propionate treatment had no significant effects on blood calcium, NEFA, or beta-hydroxybutyrate in the Holstein herds studied. However, calcium propionate did reduce the number of cows with subclinical hypocalcemia (< or = 7.5 mg/dl of plasma calcium) at 24 h after calving in both trials involving Holstein cows. Calcium propionate treatment was beneficial in reducing subclinical hypocalcemia in all trials and reduced the incidence of milk fever in a herd having a problem with milk fever.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1988

Biochemistry and lectin binding properties of mammalian salivary mucous glycoproteins.

The molecules responsible for the highly viscous properties of mucus are secretory glycoproteins referred to as mucins. Salivary mucins are characterized by a high sugar to protein ratio and are of a broad range of molecular weight from 7 x 10(4) to millions. With a few exceptions, they contain up to 30% of hexosamine (galactosamine and glucosamine), 8-33% of sialic acid, trace to 15% of galactose or fucose and little or no mannose. The size of carbohydrate side chains of these glycoproteins ranges from one to about fifteen units of sugar. These carbohydrate side chains are usually O-glycosidically linked through N-acetylgalactosamine to a peptidyl serine or threonine. In some instances, ester sulfate groups, mainly on N-acetylglucosamine, are also a structural feature. In many of these glycoproteins, the saccharide sequence is the same as that which determines the specificity of blood groups. Carbohydrate sequence analysis shows that salivary mucins exhibit considerable polydispersity, great diversity and remarkable structural flexibility not only among animal species but also within the same mucin molecule. Based on their lectin-binding ability, they can be used for purification of lectins, and lectins coupled to resin may be useful for the isolation of mucin-type glycoproteins. The epithelial mucous secretions modulate oral microbial flora; many secretory components serve as lectin-receptors for the attachment of microbes. The judicious use of lectins with widely differing binding characteristics has already been valuable in the in situ localization of salivary glycoproteins, in elucidating structural details, recording sugar density within a given tissue section, and defining host-parasite interactions. It is hoped that their use, together with monoclonal antibody (158) and tissue culture techniques (159, 160) will further clarify the roles of individual secretory mucous glycoproteins in health and disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Working hours and job satisfaction among physicians in hospitals and general practice in Munich. Results of an anonymous questionnaire].

PURPOSE: In autumn 2004 the local association of physicians (Arztlicher Kreis- und Bezirksverband München) performed a survey among employed physicians in Munich on working hours and working conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which the German law on working hours is actually implemented in employed physicians, and to obtain information about their work satisfaction. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all employed physicians in hospitals and medical practices. Participants were asked to give anonymous information and send it back per mail. RESULTS: In total, 2450 out of 5461 physicians took part in the survey. 45% reported that their working hours do not meet the German law on working hours of 1994. 44.4% stated that overtime is not fully recognized by their employers. 43.5% think the job would become more attractive if the law was implemented. 63.3% expect an income loss with the implementation. 53.7% are thinking about quitting their job. For 59.9% the burden of long working hours is an important reason for this. Women are more likely to be given a limited employment contract than men, and their overtime is more rarely recognized in full. CONCLUSION: Many employed physicians in Munich are dissatisfied with their job. The high burden of long working hours is a main reason for this.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subacute coronary artery thrombosis: MRI findings.

The article presents a case of subacute coronary artery thrombosis investigated by classic methods, coronary angiography, and MRI. T1- and T2-weighted images showed high signal intensity within the lumen of the right coronary artery corresponding to the methemoglobin content of the thrombus. Dynamic sequence images with intravenous gadolinium contrast agent displayed lack of right coronary artery enhancement, confirming coronary occlusion. The coronarography revealed the same finding. MRI appears to be a promising method of coronary thrombosis assessment.

Coronary Angiography↗