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Biomedical subjects

C Bories

Publications and source records attributed to C Bories.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Elution mode of Pneumocystis carinii cysts in gravitational field-flow fractionation.

The simplest field-flow fractionation technique, i.e. gravitational, was used in an attempt to purify a Pneumocystis carinii cyst suspension. This parasite is an opportunistic invader in immunocompromised patients, especially those suffering from AIDS. The cyst stage is spherical and 5 microns in diameter. Unexpected retention times, not systematically related to the size and the density of the parasite, were obtained under various experimental conditions. When silicone-coated walls were used, Pneumocystis carinii cysts were eluted in the void volume, whereas when uncoated walls were used with a sodium dodecyl sulphate-enriched carrier phase, retention was observed. These phenomena are probably related to the high degree of hydrophobicity of these micrometre-sized biological particles; this degree can be easily determined. The use of the gravitational field-flow fractionation technique can be of a great interest for the development of new methods for diagnostic purposes. Particle-wall interactions and their modifications due to the carrier phase or to the wall treatment can be employed in the search for new bronchoalveolar lavage solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of microfilariae from blood by gravitational field-flow fractionation.

Over 100 million persons suffer from diseases caused by filariae infestation, and one billion are at risk. A simple isolation method for both analytical and preparative separation is presented. Based on the simplest field-flow fractionation technique, the gravitational one, effective isolation of microfilariae is achieved. Microfilariae are eluted in the void volume of the channel without pollution by red blood cells. The red blood cell elution peak shows a total absence of microfilariae, as demonstrated after fraction collection and microscopic investigation. The elution mode of microfilariae and red blood cells appears to be a steric one, as confirmed by a reinjection experiment. The simplicity, low cost and the relatively short time required for this separation (10 min) indicate that gravitational field-flow fractionation could become a new separation tool for screening of microfilariae. With both live and dead microfilariae, the high recovery (66-80%) allows preparative fractionation for diagnostic purposes or fundamental research.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sulindac causes regression of rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis.

In familial adenomatous polyposis, sulindac-induced polyp regression has been reported by several authors. In this study, the goal was to confirm these results by a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study in 10 patients with rectal polyps that had been previously treated by colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis. Patients received sulindac, 300 mg/day, or placebo during two 4-month periods separated by a 1-month wash-out phase. One patient was not compliant and was excluded. With sulindac, the authors observed a complete (6 patients) or almost complete (3 patients) regression of the polyps. With placebo, the authors observed an increase (5 patients), no change (2 patients), and a relative decrease (2 patients) in the number of polyps. The difference between sulindac and placebo was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). In biopsy specimens of polyps and normal rectal mucosa of 6 patients, the authors conducted an immunohistochemical study of the cellular proliferation index using the Ki 67 monoclonal antibody (Ki 67 index), at the beginning and at the end of each treatment period. They were not able to show a sulindac-induced modification of the Ki 67 index. The authors conclude that sulindac is effective in inducing the regression of rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1991

Antiparasitic activity of Annona muricata and Annona cherimolia seeds.

Methanolic extracts of Annona muricata and A. cherimolia (Annonaceae) seeds were tested for antiparasitic activity against E. histolytica, N. brasiliensis, M. dessetae and A. salina. The acetogenins isolated from these extracts are found to be responsible for the important activity on infective larvae of Molinema desetae.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis and anthelminthic evaluation of 2-amidino-1,3,4-oxa and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, structurally related to tetramisole.

N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) 1a-1k and N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-) amidines 2a-2g, N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl) 3a, 3b and N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-)amidines 4a, 4b were synthesized and tested as anthelminthics, in vitro, against a free nematode (Rhabditis pseudoelongata), against infecting larvae of an intestinal parasite of rats (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) and against infecting larvae of a filaria (Molinema dessetae).

Amidines↗
PubMed1989

Macrofilaricidal activity of metabolites of diethylcarbamazine.

The antifilarial compound diethylcarbamazine (N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-2-piperazine, DEC) is known rather for its micro- than macrofilaricidal activity. But in some human filariasis i.e. loaiasis, lymphatic filariasis, the spectrum of DEC activities extends to adult filaria. The potential role of the metabolites of DEC in the action of the parent drug once it had been metabolized in the body of infected animals was investigated. The metabolites were evaluated in a new experimental model on which DEC is active: Molinema dessetae in its natural host, the rodent Proechimys oris. Experimental studies were carried out in vivo and in vitro, on microfilariae, infective larvae and adult filaria. Several other nematodes were also used. The metabolites were DEC itself, N-ethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine-carboxamide (MEC) and their N-oxides, 4-methyl-piperazine-carboxamide and N,N-diethyl-1-piperazine-carboxamide. In vivo most of the metabolites were found active on microfilariae and both N-oxides active on adults and infective larvae. In vitro, the activity of the metabolites was observed only with high concentrations; the in vitro test could not be used as a screening method for antifilarial chemotherapy with piperazine derivatives. Infective larvae were the most sensitive stage. In the rodent and in man, the antifilarial action of DEC is swift and of short duration. This action is prolonged by the activity of metabolites, especially the N-oxides.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[After ivermectin, is it necessary to look again for a macrofilaricide?].

The use of ivermectin for mass treatment in human onchocerciasis is justified, because no other drug was available. But, as this compound is ineffective on adult filariae and as the emergence of drug resistance is quite possible, the evaluation of new chemical compounds for their macrofilaricidal activity should be continued. Several new compounds of interest are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A new series of antiparasitic organic arsenicals: the spiroarsoranes. Experimental trypanocidal activity].

Arsenical compounds are the main therapeutic way, effective in the neurological phase of trypanosomiasis. Unfortunately, their important toxicity prevents their easy administration. Structural cyclization of arsonic acid derivatives has led to a class of non-toxic compounds: spiroarsoranes. A 47 compound primary screening on an in vivo murine model of Trypanosoma brucei brucei resulted in the isolation of a very effective derivative after a single subcutaneous injection of 30 mg.kg-1 body weight (Chemotherapeutic Index = 21). In this study, trypanocidal activity of this compound was evaluated on an in vivo sheep model of trypanosomiasis by T. brucei brucei, according to experimental model of the Institute of Neurological Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology of Limoges (France). A single subcutaneous injection of 30 and 100 mg.kg-1 b.w., and 30 and 60 mg.kg-1 b.w. was given respectively during first and second phase of trypanosomiasis. Ovine pharmacokinetics of this compound will be evaluated in a further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Dihydro-5,6-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, dihydro-2,3-imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles, analogs of levamisole].

New compounds containing 5,6-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 2,3-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole rings, substituted by heterocycles analogue to chromones, were synthesized and screened against three nematodes, in vitro. The results indicate moderate anthelmintic properties, compared to levamisole; nevertheless, some products exhibit a significant degree of activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

New antifilarial agents. 1. Epoxy sulfonamides and ethynesulfonamides.

Two series of 2-substituted 1,2-epoxyethanesulfonamides 2 and ethynesulfonamides 5 were synthesized and evaluated for their antifilarial activity. The trans epoxides 2T were stereospecifically prepared by a Darzens reaction between aldehydes and halomethanesulfonamides. The cis isomers 2c were obtained from ethynesulfonamides 5 by semihydrogenation followed by KOCl epoxidation. 2-Substituted ethynesulfonamides 5 were synthesized from appropriate trans-ethenesulfonamides by a bromination/dehydrobromination sequence. These products, as well as several synthetic intermediates, were evaluated for antifilarial activity against Molinema dessetae either in vivo in its natural host, the rodent Proechimys oris, or in vitro by a new test using cultures of the infective larvae. Most of the epoxides 2T and acetylenic derivatives 5 bearing a 2-aryl substituent were active in vitro. Among these compounds, four epoxides 2T and one acetylenic derivative 5 showed marked macrofilaricidal activity in vivo without any microfilaricidal activity. The differences between the in vivo and in vitro results may be due, in part, to the low chemical stability of the epoxy sulfonamides 2T. Despite this limitation, the activities observed in this reliable animal model suggest further development and testing of both series 2T and 5 as macrofilaricides.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of the use of parenteral nutrition in chronic and severe radiation enterocolitis].

The effects of parenteral nutrition in the treatment of patients with severe chronic radiation enterocolitis is not known. We retrospectively studied 19 adult patients who received parenteral nutrition during 8.6 +/- 2.4 months (mean +/- SEM), including 6 cases in our home-parenteral nutrition-program. Parenteral nutrition was started 49 +/- 12 months after radiation therapy; follow-up after parenteral nutrition was 22 +/- 7 months. Indication for parenteral nutrition was malnutrition (weight = 73 +/- 2 p. 100 of ideal body weight, serum albumin level = 27 +/- 1 g/l) due to multifocal gastrointestinal radiation injuries with stenoses (n = 12), fistulae (n = 3) and short bowel syndrome (n = 4). Parenteral nutrition was given during the peri-operative period in 15 patients. Neither fistulae nor stenoses resolved with parenteral nutrition alone (n = 7) or in association with steroids (n = 5). There was a 57 p. 100 mortality rate (11 patients): 10 p. 100 were postoperative (2 of the 3 patients with fistulae), 21 p. 100, due to radiation complications and 26 p. 100, due to progression of cancer. In those patients with severe and multifocal chronic radiation enteropathy, parenteral nutrition did not influence the lesions in the digestive tract. Nutritional support could, however, be considered as an useful adjunct with a low perioperative mortality rate. In the 14 patients without superimposed unresponsive cancer, parenteral nutrition followed by curative abdominal surgery seemed to be associated with the best prognosis and in 7 of the 8 survivors, parenteral nutrition has been discontinued without reappearance of clinical malnutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Beta 2-microglobulin in liver cirrhosis: study of a local synthesis in ascitic fluid.

Beta 2-microglobulin determinations in ascitic fluid (A) and serum (S) collected on the same day, were performed in 24 patients suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Ascitic beta 2-m concentration varied from 0.4 to 4.6 mg/l for patients with a normal renal function. Much higher values were found in patients with chronic renal failure. No correlation could be established between ascitic beta 2-m level and the clinical evolution of the cirrhosis. Comparative measurements of beta 2-m S/A ratio and albumin, transferrin, total protein S/A ratios suggests a local synthesis of beta 2-m in ascitic fluid. This is confirmed by an immuno-cytochemical technique which reveals the localisation of beta 2-m in the cytoplasm of peritoneal cells. The presence of beta 2-m in ascitic fluid seems to be related to an ultrafiltration across the peritoneal membrane as well as a local polyclonal activation of the immune system.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Idiopathic chronic watery diarrhea from excluded rectosigmoid with goblet cell hyperplasia cured by restoration of large bowel continuity.

A 73-year-old woman developed abnormal electrolyte and water loss from an excluded rectosigmoid segment after surgical treatment of a volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Rectal discharges lasted almost for a year, until it spontaneously resolved after restoration of large bowel continuity. Despite extensive investigation, including endoscopic, radiologic, microscopic, bacteriologic and parasitic examinations, no satisfactory explanation of the diarrhea could be found. The histologic pattern of the excluded segment showed a striking increase in mucosal thickness and in number and height of goblet cells. These abnormalities disappeared after closure of the colostomy. Electrolyte composition of the rectal fluid, which contained 134 mmol potassium and 22 mmol sodium per liter was remarkable and similar to that of normal stool water and anal discharges of patients with ulcerative proctitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between anaemia, iron and folacin deficiency, haemoglobinopathies and parasitic infection.

Iron status, folacin status, haemoglobinopathies, malarial infection and intestinal parasitosis frequencies were assessed in a representative sample of 586 subjects living in a rural district of South Benin. Anaemia according to WHO reference values for haemoglobin was observed in 42 per cent of subjects. The prevalence was higher in children and menstruating women. Iron deficiency, defined by two or more abnormal values in the four independent indicators of iron status used (transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum ferritin, and mean corpuscular volume) was present in 30 per cent of subjects. Half of the anaemias were associated with iron deficiency. Folate deficiency was associated with anaemia in 20 per cent of subjects. Anaemia, iron and folacin status were not significantly related to the degree of malarial infection nor to the type of haemoglobin. Although hookworm infection was very common, there was no significant relationship between egg count and haemoglobin level or haematological parameters of iron and folacin status. The lack of correlation can be explained by the low wormload observed.

Adolescent↗