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Biomedical subjects

C Bosch

Publications and source records attributed to C Bosch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Guided bone regeneration in calvarial bone defects using polytetrafluoroethylene membranes.

Guided bone regeneration is defined as controlled stimulation of new bone formation in a bony defect, either by osteogenesis, osteoinduction, or osteoconduction, re-establishing both structural and functional characteristics. Bony defects may be found as a result of congenital anomalies, trauma, neoplasms, or infectious conditions. Such conditions are often associated with severe functional and esthetic problems. Corrective treatment is often complicated by limitations in tissue adaptations. The aim of the investigation was to compare histologically the amount of bone formed in an experimentally created parietal bone defect protected with one or two polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with a contralateral control defect. A bony defect was created bilaterally in the parietal bone lateral to the sagittal suture in 29 6-month-old male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: (1) In the double membrane group (n = 9), the left experimental bone defect was protected by an outer polytetrafluoroethylene membrane under the periosteum and parietal muscles and an inner membrane between the dura mater and the parietal bone. (2) In the single membrane group (n = 20), only the outer membrane was placed. The right defect was not covered with any membrane and served as control. The animals were killed after 30 days. None of the control defects demonstrated complete or partial bone regeneration. In the single membrane group, the experimental site did not regenerate in 15 animals, partially in four, and completely in one. In the double membrane group, six of the experimental defects had complete closure with bone, two had partial closure, and one no closure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Locally advanced breast cancer: defining an optimum treatment regimen.

PURPOSE: This retrospective review examines response, local control and freedom from distant failure for patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy without routine surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 67 patients were treated between January 1980 and December 1988 at Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 56 months. Four successive protocols evolved, each with three phases induction chemotherapy (adriamycin or novantrone, cyclophosphamide) (three cycles), radiotherapy then chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) of progressively shorter duration. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were concurrent in the fourth regimen. RESULTS: Clinical complete response (disappearance of all known disease) after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and additional chemotherapy was 18%, 55% and 79% respectively. Seven additional patients subsequently underwent mastectomy (N = 2), local excision (N = 1) or a radiation boost (N = 4) for a total complete response rate of 90%. Twenty one patients (31%) failed to achieve a complete response (N = 7) or recurred locally (N = 14). The crude 2-year rate of local recurrence was 50% for tumors > 10 cm (N = 10) and 14% for smaller tumors (n = 57) and was not influenced by protocol. Two-year actuarial freedom from distant failure was 67% at 2 years. CONCLUSION: Local control can be achieved for patients with locally advanced breast cancer with a primary tumor < 10 cm using chemotherapy and radiotherapy without routine mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Fellowship training in radiation oncology: an Australasian survey of current teaching and perceived needs.

Thirty Australian and New Zealand Radiation Oncology registrars, who were preparing for their final qualifying examinations, were surveyed about their attitudes to their training programmes. While two (7%) indicated that they had no structured tuition whatsoever, the majority 19 (63%) received on average 1-2h per week, which was much less than their perceived need. Other areas of training considered deficient included exposure to curriculum requirements, peer support and access to other hospital specialty meetings. When asked about the concept of job rotation between training centres, 23 (77%) considered it to be potentially advantageous, with a majority preferring one such rotation of 6-12 months duration occurring in their third year, with a return to their base unit prior to final qualifying examinations. Limitations and potential benefits of the job rotation concept are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Placement of an endosseous implant in a growing child with ectodermal dysplasia.

This article reports placement of a single mandibular endosseous implant in a 5-year-old patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and oligodontia. This congenital anomaly does not appear to retard healing and the osseointegration remains after 5 1/2 years of loading. Surgical, prosthodontic, and growth and development considerations are presented.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1992

Breast conservation: long-term Australian data.

Long-term data on the management of early breast cancer in Australia by conservative surgery and radiation therapy is limited. To examine this issue we reviewed our experience of 131 patients with Stage I or II breast cancer treated between November 1979 and December 1985. Ninety patients had a T1 tumor and 41 a T2 tumor. The extent of surgery varied from a local excision (LE), a wide local excision, to a quadrantectomy or partial mastectomy. Sixty-two per cent of patients also had an axillary dissection. One hundred and nineteen patients were treated using 6Mev photons to the whole breast (Median dose; 50 Gy) +/- regional nodes followed by a single plane Iridium-192 boost to the primary tumor site (median dose; 30 Gy). Ten patients did not receive a boost and two elderly patients were treated with an implant only. The median follow-up of surviving patients was 83 months (range, 51-133 months). Six other patients were lost to follow-up at a median of 48 months (range, 4-62). The pattern of first relapse is: breast alone, 7.0%; breast + distant, 0.75%; breast + nodes, 0.75%; regional nodes only, 0.75%; and distant disease, 18%. The extent of surgery did not influence the probability of a recurrence in the primary tumor region. The time to a breast recurrence ranged from 12 to 127 months (median, 61 months). The 5-year actuarial rate of a breast recurrence was 4.5%. The 5-year freedom from distant relapse was 80%. The complications of treatment were acceptable. These included rib fracture (5%), symptomatic pneumonitis (4%), fat necrosis or fibrosis requiring surgery (4.5%), severe arm edema (4.5%). The treatment of the axilla by both surgery plus radiation therapy was associated with a moderate or severe arm edema rate of 29% compared to 8% for surgery alone and 6% for radiation therapy alone. Our long-term data indicate that conservative surgery plus radiation therapy is associated with low rates of breast cancer recurrence which are independent of the extent of surgical resection. Complications were acceptably low provided that the axilla was treated by surgery or radiation therapy but not by both modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Data and patterns of transverse dentofacial structure of 6- to 15-year-old children: a posteroanterior cephalometric study.

The aims of the present cross-sectional investigation were to provide normative data of selected dentofacial posteroanterior cephalometric measures and to describe the patterns of transverse dentofacial structure. The material comprised the P-A cephalograms of 588 Austrian schoolchildren (157 girls and 431 boys, who were 6 to 15 years old). All subjects were healthy, presented various types of occlusions, and did not receive orthodontic or orthopedic therapy. In studying the P-A cephalograms, 8 linear and 2 angular variables, as well as 10 ratios were used. The results of the study revealed that all skeletal widths and all ratios representing relations between the various breadths of the facial skeleton and the interorbital width demonstrated an increase when the measurements at the initial and final ages of 6 and 15 years, respectively, were compared. However, the maxillary intermolar width during the period from 9 to 12 years did not present any increase, and the mandibular intermolar width remained approximately the same during the whole observation period. The transverse dentoalveolar relationship in the incisal region remained very symmetric during aging. The standard deviations of most cephalometric variables were small when they were compared with their corresponding mean values. The present data are of value for the diagnosis of various types of dentofacial anomalies, for monitoring growth of persons or groups of corresponding age and race, and for comparison with other studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Non A, non B-hepatitis in children].

Between 1975 and 1980, 10 children with acute and 8 children with chronic hepatitis type Non A, NON B (NANB) were seen in our hospital. Parenteral inoculation was probable in 10 cases. Hepatitis NANB was diagnosed in about 11% of all children with acute viral hepatitis who were admitted over this period. Children with parenterally acquired disease were more frequently anicteric and had less pronounced transaminase elevation than "sporadic" cases. An uncomplicated outcome was observed in only three of the ten children. Two patients died from acute liver failure, chronic hepatitis developed in three other children. The 9 children with chronic hepatitis NANB are representing 17% of all patients with chronic hepatitis who were seen in our clinic between 1975 and 1980. In six children with CPH a benign course was observed whereas three children with CAH were severely ill including portal hypertension. Immunosuppressive therapy was tried in two cases without success. In children as well as in adult patients, acute hepatitis NANB apparently has more frequently a prolonged course or progression to chronic liver disease than acute hepatitis of other etiology. It seems that CPH NANB shows a similarly benign course as chronic persistent hepatitis B. CAH NANB in our patients, however, had a poorer prognosis than CAH type B.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis of the liver caused by alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)].

A three year old child with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites caused by alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, developed severe abdominal pain with diarrhea and fever. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was diagnosed by demonstrating a purulent ascitic fluid with gram-positive cocci in the smear which were identified as pneumococci in the bacterial culture. The peritonitis subsided under antibiotic treatment without complications. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with cirrhosis of the liver is mentioned in the literature, but up to now, however, only three cases were reported in detail. In order to establish the diagnosis, abdominal tap should be tried rather than explorative laparotomy, the demonstration of gram-positive cocci is diagnostic of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. With early antibiotic therapy, prognosis of the disease is favourable. Newborns and children with nephrotic syndrome, however, are particularly at risk.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

[Syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia of Fisher in a 14 year old boy (author's transl)].

The syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia first mentioned in 1932 by Collier and in 1938 by van Bogaert was described more precisely in 1956 by Fisher. It represents a specific clinical entity and is considered to be a variant of idiopathic polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré). The most striking features are external (sometimes also internal) ophthalmoplegia, hyporeflexia or areflexia and cerebellar ataxia. During the first days paresthesias are frequently present whereas other disturbances of sensibility are not common. Additional signs of neurological lesions may be observed in association with the syndrome. Spinal fluid shows the typical albumino-cytological dissociation. The disease is characterized by its benign course. The etiology remains unclear, therapy is not necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Infantile Campylobacter enteritis (author's transl)].

9 children with campylobacter enteritis aging from 3 days to 4 years were seen over a 8-month period. In 2 cases prompt recovery was achieved by erythromycin therapy. In the remaining 7 cases, the course was most often very mild, and symptomatic therapy was sufficient. Epidemiologically, the incidence of campylobacter enteritis is comparable to that of salmonella enteritis. Obviously, birds and poultry, but also dogs, cats, sheep and other domestic and farm animals are important sources of infection. Spread among human beings has also been made probable. The most frequent clinical features are fever, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea. Complications are most often associated with subspecies intestinalis whereas infections with subspecies jejuni almost exclusively cause enteritis. C. fetus is usually sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline and aminoglycosides. The advantage of antibiotic therapy, however, has not yet been established.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1981

[Follow-up pre-term newborns with birth weight of less than 1500 grams now aged between 1-7 years (author's transl)].

43 pre-term newborns with birth weight of less than 1,500 grams who had been admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Pediatrics of the University Clinic, Bonn, between 1971 and 1977, were reexamined on age between 1-7 years. A severe neurological handicap (hemiplegia with mental retardation) was present in only one child. There was no child with convulsions. Signs of minor cerebral dysfunction were present in five children. Developmental retardation of mild degree was observed in eight children. 28 children were entirely normal. Our results are in accordance with the encouraging reports of other recent authors concerning the improving long-term prognosis of very-low-birth-weight pre-term infants.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1980

Chronic viral hepatitis B in childhood. I. Clinical , Biochemical and histological results.

The results of clinical, biochemical and histological studies in 26 children with chronic hepatitis B are reported. Most cases were detected when diagnostic procedures were arranged because of non specific abdominal complaints, by routing tests after acute hepatitis or multiple transfusions, and by examination of family members. Hepatomegaly was found in half of the cases, splenomegaly in a quarter. Other clinical signs were rarely seen. Among the biochemical findings, elevated serum transaminase activities were the most reliable indicators of chronic hepatitis. There was a significant difference of the mean transaminase activities between patients with CPH and CAH. In 15 children CPH was diagnosed histologically. 9 children had CAH, 2 children showed signs of MinH.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Complement studies in children with treated coeliac disease after gluten challenge.

Changes of the complement components in the sera of 13 children with treated coeliac disease were studied after gluten challenge. The levels of C 1 and C3-activator (factor B) were significantly decreased at 4 h after the challenge, as were the levels of total complement (CH 50) and the components C 1, C 4 and C 1-inactivator at 8 h. After 24 h most values returned to normal but there was another significant decrease in serum C 4 after 24 h, and for CH 50, C 1, C 2 and C 4 after 48 h.

Celiac Disease↗