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C Branger

Publications and source records attributed to C Branger.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Esterase electrophoretic polymorphism of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus from diverse geographic origins were analysed by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis for esterase polymorphism. Three kinds of esterase bands, designated A, B and C, were defined by their ranges of activity toward five synthetic substrates and their resistance to di-isopropyl fluorophosphate. There were five allozymes of esterase A, four of esterase B and four of esterase C. Eighteen distinct combinations of allozymes (zymotypes) were distinguished amongst 105 strains analysed. Two major zymotypes were represented by 35 and 19 strains respectively, whereas other zymotypes were represented by one or, at most, seven strains. The coefficient of genetic diversity was lower for methicillin-resistant strains than for methicillin-sensitive strains. Most of the methicillin-resistant strains are represented by the two major zymotypes which differed from each other by the electrophoretic behaviour of the three esterases. These results indicate that, on the basis of esterase electrophoretic polymorphism, methicillin resistance is expressed in genetically different strains.

Esterases↗
PubMed1987

[pH and the bacteriology of gastroplasties after esogastric resection].

A study of pH of digestive fluid in 24 patients six days after esophagogastric resection (EGR) showed conservation of acidity (pH: 3 or less) in one-thirds of cases. Immediate postoperative course was invariable with respect to incidence of pneumopathy and fistulae. Fungal infection is almost a constant finding in digestive grafts together with microbial pullulation, with a linear relation to pH. Ecology of germs was that of digestive flora of patients with obstruction, selected by the antibiotic cover administered. Group D streptococci and Gram negative bacilli were usually resistant to cephalosporins. Regurgitation pneumopathy therefore requires modification of antibiotic therapy and possible antifungal treatment. When functional disturbance is provoked by EGR, as for example a reflux syndrome; only those patients (1/3) with a pH of 3 or less can obtain relief from treatment with antacids.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prophylactic Timentin in patients undergoing thoracic or vascular surgery.

Timentin (ticarcillin + clavulanic acid) and cefamandole were compared in 484 patients undergoing elective thoracic or vascular surgery. Two hundred and forty eight patients received three 3 g/200 mg injections of Timentin and 236 patients received three 0.75 g injections of cefamandole. The patients were evaluated at discharge. Among the 248 patients given Timentin, only six (2.4%) had a post-operative infection, while nine (3.8%) of the 236 patients given cefamandole had a post-operative infection. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment regimes. This comparative study shows that Timentin may be used for antibiotic prophylaxis of clean vascular or thoracic surgery.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1986

[In vitro activity of the combination ticarcillin-clavulanic acid on bacterial isolates in surgery].

The in vitro activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid was tested, by disc diffusion, against 1,380 clinical bacterial isolates and was compared with that of ticarcillin alone. 83.8% of the isolates were susceptible to ticarcillin + clavulanic acid, whereas 56.6% were susceptible to ticarcillin alone. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ticarcillin in the presence of 4 micrograms/ml of clavulanic acid were determined against 157 ticarcillin resistant (MIC greater than 128 micrograms/ml) but ticarcillin + clavulanic acid susceptible strains of Gram negative bacilli and against 20 strains of beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus. With the addition of clavulanic acid, MICs of ticarcillin were respectively less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml and less than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml for 50 and 90% of the Gram negative bacilli. All the Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by concentrations of ticarcillin less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Vancomycin-resistant streptococci or Leuconostoc sp.

Two strains of gram-positive cocci highly resistant to vancomycin (MICs of 512 and 1,024 micrograms/ml) were isolated from blood cultures in two compromised patients. These organisms were identified as Leuconostoc spp. Leuconostoc spp. are gram-positive cocci found in vegetables and dairy products; they had not been isolated previously from clinical specimens. The susceptibility of eight Leuconostoc spp. strains, including the two clinical isolates, to 23 antimicrobial agents was determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gemella haemolysans isolated from patients with subacute endocarditis.

Gemella haemolysans, a member of the family Streptococcacae, was isolated from patients with subacute endocarditis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 21 antimicrobial agents for five strains of the organism were determined. All strains were highly sensitive to penicillin G and ampicillin. Cefotaxime was the most active cephalosporin tested. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin, chloramphenicol and rifampin. Four strains were sensitive to tetracycline and erythromycin. All strains demonstrated a low level of resistance to aminoglycosides and were highly resistant to sulfonamides and trimethoprim. Killing curves and checker-board titration demonstrated synergism between penicillin G and streptomycin or gentamicin, and also between vancomycin and streptomycin or gentamicin. The results suggest that penicillin G combined with an aminoglycoside can be recommended for the treatment of subacute endocarditis caused by Gemella haemolysans.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and properties of carboxylesterase P4 from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

The carboxylesterase P4 produced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was purified 330-fold by gel permeation and DEAE-trisacryl chromatography with a final yield of 21%. The apparent molecular weight, as determined by fast-protein liquid chromatography, was 45 kDa. The hydrolytic activity of esterase P4 was higher with the 1-naphthyl esters than with the 2-naphthyl esters of acetic, propionic and butyric acids. The apparent Km values were identical for 1-naphthyl acetate and 1-naphthyl propionate (0.15 mM). The enzyme was unstable at pH values below 5, but retained 80% of its initial activity after 30 min at 65 degrees C. It was unaffected by EDTA, eserine, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone, iodoacetamide or 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate, but was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of diisopropyl fluorophosphate, suggesting the presence of serine in its active site. The purified enzyme gave a single precipitin line on Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion with homologous antiserum. This antiserum cross-reacted with the esterase bands E3 and E5 of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1, whereas there was no cross-reaction with the esterase bands produced by Y. enterocolitica biotypes 2 to 5, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii or Y. aldovae. The carboxylesterase P4 produced by Y. pestis was physicochemically, biochemically and immunologically indistinguishable from Y. pseudotuberculosis carboxylesterase P4. The latter enzyme and carboxylesterase B of Escherichia coli showed some biochemical similarities, but were antigenically unrelated. Our data confirm the relevance of esterases to phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of Enterobacteria.

Carboxylesterase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against 'intrinsically' ticarcillin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The in vitro activity of piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, aztreonam and imipenem was studied against 44 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 'intrinsic' resistance to ticarcillin in comparison with 20 ticarcillin-susceptible strains, by MIC determination and the disk diffusion test. The activity of the antibiotics, imipenem excepted, against the resistant strains was reduced when compared to the susceptible strains. The most significant reduction was found for aztreonam and the least significant for ceftazidime. When considering the breakpoints, all strains were intermediate with aztreonam and cefoperazone, but most of them remained susceptible to ceftazidime, piperacillin and cefsulodin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activities of piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime and cefpirome against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with intrinsic ticarcillin resistance.

The in vitro activities of cefepime and cefpirome against 44 intrinsically ticarcillin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared to their activities against 20 ticarcillin-susceptible strains by MIC determination and the disk test. Time-killing curves were constructed for piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime and cefpirome against two susceptible and two resistant strains. The activities of cefepime and cefpirome against the resistant strains were impaired, and most of the strains were of intermediate sensitivity to these agents. The time-killing curves of the four beta-lactams were similar, with a modest decline in viable cell counts over the first 6 h followed by regrowth. There was no difference between the susceptible and resistant strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗