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Biomedical subjects

C Brenner

Publications and source records attributed to C Brenner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Distinct receptor and regulatory properties of recombinant mouse complement receptor 1 (CR1) and Crry, the two genetic homologues of human CR1.

The relationship between the characterized mouse regulators of complement activation (RCA) genes and the 190-kD mouse complement receptor 1 (MCR1), 155-kD mouse complement receptor 2 (MCR2), and mouse p65 is unclear. One mouse RCA gene, designated MCR2 (or Cr2), encodes alternatively spliced 21 and 15 short consensus repeat (SCR)-containing transcripts that crosshybridize with cDNAs of both human CR2 and CR1, or CR2 alone, respectively. A five SCR-containing transcript derived from a second unique gene, designated Crry, also crosshybridizes with human CR1. We have previously shown that the 155-kD MCR2 is encoded by the 15 SCR-containing transcript. To analyze the protein products of the other transcripts, which are considered the genetic homologues of human CR1, we have expressed the 21 and the 5 SCR-containing cDNAs in the human K562 erythroleukemia cell line. We demonstrate that cells expressing the 21 SCR transcript express the 190-kD MCR1 protein. These cells react with five unique rat anti-MCR1 monoclonal antibodies, including the 8C12 antibody considered to be monospecific for MCR1. In addition, these cells efficiently form rosettes with mouse C3b-bearing sheep erythrocytes. In contrast, cells expressing the five SCR-containing Crry transcript are strongly recognized by an anti-human CR1 antibody that also defines the mouse p65 protein. Using a functional assay that measures the surface deposition of C3 activated via the classical complement pathway, we show that Crry/p65-expressing cells have a markedly decreased amount of C3 deposited on them as compared with control cells expressing the antisense construct or cells expressing MCR1 or MCR2. This suggests that Crry has intrinsic complement regulatory activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus-binding sites on complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) using human-mouse chimeras and peptides. At least two distinct sites are necessary for ligand-receptor interaction.

The predicted amino acid sequence of human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21, C3d,g/Epstein-Barr virus receptor) and its genetic murine homologue are approximately 70% identical. The sequence of each consists of a linear array of 60-70 amino acid repeats designated short consensus repeats (SCRs). Although they share significant sequence identity, a major difference in the activities of these two proteins has been believed to be the ability of human, but not mouse, CR2 to mediate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B lymphocytes. In order to formally address this question and to directly compare the activities of the CR2 protein of each species, we have expressed recombinant mouse CR2 (rMCR2) in a human K562 erythroleukemia cell line background. We have found that rMCR2 reacts with two previously described rat anti-MCR2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 7G6 and 7E9, but not mAb 8C12, which recognizes only mouse complement receptor 1. rMCR2 rosettes with erythrocytes bearing mouse and human C3d,g and binds glutaraldehyde cross-linked human C3d,g with a similar Kd as human CR2 (HCR2). rMCR2 does not bind EBV. By using this observation and constructing chimeras bearing portions of MCR2 on a HCR2 background, we have been able to define unique sequences in HCR2 SCRs 1 and 2 important in the interaction with both mAb OKB7, which blocks EBV binding and infection, and with EBV. In addition, by using blocking peptides derived from HCR2 sequence, we have identified a second distinct region in SCR2 important in EBV binding. Therefore, within the first two SCRs of HCR2 are multiple distinct sites of interaction with EBV and with mAb OKB7.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

A psychoanalytic perspective on depression.

A correct understanding of the role of depressive affect in triggering psychic conflict leads to a reformulation of the origins and the psychodynamics of depression as a feature of mental illness. It also raises serious question about the validity of the diagnosis of depressive illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Does spiralin has a cleavable N-terminal signal sequence?].

The amino acid sequence of spiralin deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its gene was fictitiously shortened by 1 to 50 residues from each terminus and the compositions of both series of theoretical polypeptides were calculated. The two series of compositions thus obtained were compared to that of the purified protein, with the use of the Marchalonis and Weltman index (S delta Q). The results of this analysis, which permits the difficulty resulting from the blocking of the N-terminal amino acid to be overcome, show that spiralin is probably synthesized as a 241-residue precursor containing an N-terminal signal sequence cleaved close to cysteine-24. Since spiralin is acylated and since the sequence Val-Val-Ala-Cys24 shares some similarity with the consensus sequence of bacterial lipoprotein modification/processing site, the hypothesis of a cleavage just before cysteine-24 seems plausible.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Scar endometriosis.

Scar endometriosis is a rare entity most commonly seen after surgical treatment of the uterus or fallopian tubes. We report three additional instances of scar endometriosis after cesarean sections as well as a patient who had synchronous scar endometriomas at separate surgical sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The psychoanalytic process.

Analysts differ in how they conceptualize the psychoanalytic process, according to their understanding of the psychoanalytic theory of mental functioning in general and the nature of pathogenesis in particular. Emphasizing that psychoanalysis is a psychology of mental conflict, the authors see the psychoanalytic process in terms of the dynamic interplay between the manifestations of the patient's unconscious and the analyst's interventions. What analysts communicate to analysands serves to destabilize the equilibrium of forces within the mind, leading to the analysands' growing understanding of the nature of their conflicts and how they deal with them. Psychoanalytic process, accordingly, cannot be distinguished or separated from psychoanalytic technique.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

CDC33 encodes mRNA cap-binding protein eIF-4E of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The bcy1 mutation makes the cdc33 start mutant arrest at random points in the cell cycle instead of only at G1. We cloned and sequenced CDC33. This coding sequence is identical to that of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 24-kilodalton mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF-4E.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

GPA1, a haploid-specific essential gene, encodes a yeast homolog of mammalian G protein which may be involved in mating factor signal transduction.

GPA1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is homologous to the alpha subunit of mammalian G protein. GPA1 transcript was found in haploid cells but was not detected in diploid cells. Disruption of GPA1 resulted in a haploid-specific lethal phenotype, indicating that GPA1 is a haploid-specific essential gene for cell growth. Upon regulation of expression of GPA1 by the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter, the loss of GPA1 function was found to lead to cell-cycle arrest at the late G1 phase. Mutants that suppress the lethality of the gpa1::HIS3 mutation showed a sterile phenotype that was not cell-type-specific. These results suggest that GPA1 protein may control the signal for mating-factor-mediated cell-cycle arrest.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1987

Notes on psychoanalysis by a participant observer: a personal chronicle.

Experience has shown how difficult it may be to decide which ideas are of passing interest and relatively little value and which are more important and fruitful. Examples of each are given in the form of a personal memoir. Some thoughts are added about the present and the future from the same vantage point.

Ego↗
PubMed1987

Working through: 1914-1984.

This paper reviews the various meanings given to "working through" by Freud and others. The relation of "working through" to "analysis" is discussed and illustrated.

Austria↗
PubMed1985

Countertransference as compromise formation.

Countertransference is a ubiquitous phenomenon, a set of compromise formations comprising the analyst's transference to the patient(s). Some consequences of this fact are discussed, including the factors responsible for those instances when countertransference impedes analysis.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1982

The concept of the superego: a reformulation.

1. The superego is a group of compromise formations, all having to do with morality, which originate, in large part, in the oedipal phase of development. 2. Once formed as a consequence of conflict, the superego functions as a major component of (subsequent) conflicts. 3. Its role in conflict is diverse. It functions now as defense, now as the equivalent of a drive derivative arousing unpleasure, and now as a calamitous unpleasure to be avoided or mitigated. 4. For a young child "moral" equals approved by parents, while "immoral" equals the reverse. The crucial moral questions at the time of life when the superego is largely formed are, "What will win or forfeit parental approval?" and "What will rouse or dissipate parental wrath?" 5. From the side of ego functioning, superego formation involves much more than identification with parental superego demands and prohibitions. Any aspect of ego functioning which furthers parental approval and/or avoids disapproval and punishment can and does participate in superego formation. 6. From the side of the drives, both libido and aggression are involved in superego formation. Hence masochism plays a role in normal superego formation and functioning as well as in those pathological cases which Freud called moral masochism. 7. Superego pathology is not to be understood, as it has been generally understood by analysts until now, in terms of defective or incomplete development. Everyone has a fully formed superego. Superego pathology must be understood on the same basis as is the pathology of any compromise formation.

Aggression↗
PubMed1980

Metapsychology and psychoanalytic theory.

Various meanings have been given to the word "metapsychology" by its opponents and proponents in the psychoanalytic literature. These are discussed and compared with the meaning Freud intended the word to have. The question of the place of psychoanalytic psychology in science--whether it is or is not in natural science--is also considered.

Consciousness↗
PubMed1979

Working alliance, therapeutic alliance, and transference.

Examination of the clinical evidence offered by proponents for the concepts of therapeutic and working alliance leads the author to conclude that neither concept is justifiable. Both refer to aspects of the transference that neither deserve a special name nor require special treatment. The related topic of frustration/gratification as necessarily inherent in the analytic situation is also considered.

Awareness↗