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C Bridges

Publications and source records attributed to C Bridges.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mechanisms of proteinuria in human glomerulonephritis.

We evaluated glomerular barrier function in 28 patients with glomerulonephritis. Neutral dextrans of graded size were used to characterize the size-selective properties of the barrier. Charge selectivity was characterized by electrofocusing excreted urinary proteins. A fractional IgG clearance (relative to freely permeable inulin), smaller or greater than 100 x 10(-5) was used to distinguish patients with minor (group I, n = 13) and major (group II, n = 15) urinary IgG leakage, respectively. Fractional clearances of smaller dextrans (radii 20-50 A) were similar, but those of larger dextrans (radii 52-60 A) were elevated in group II relative to group I patients. A model of solute transport through a bimodal pore size distribution revealed the values for pore radius in the lower mode to approximate 51-55 A in both group I and group II patients. Pore radius in the upper mode, by contrast, was much larger in group II than in group I patients, approximating 87-97 vs. 72-77 A, respectively. Electrofocusing of urinary protein from group I patients revealed mostly albumin (isoelectric point 5.2). In group II patients, however, immunoglobulin excretion was copious. Moreover, the distribution of anionic, neutral, and cationic species (isoelectric points 5.5-8.5) in urinary and plasma eluates of IgG2 and IgG4 was similar. We conclude that when glomerulonephritis is associated with selective albuminuria, as in group I,, there is an isolated reduction of electrostatic retardation of relatively small anionic proteins. Major urinary IgG leakage (group II), however, appears to result from the development in the glomerular membrane of a subpopulation of enlarged pores that are highly permeable towards proteins of large size and varying charge.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1981

Role of pulmonary edema in the acute pulmonary response to sepsis.

There is evidence that both bronchoconstriction and accumulation of lung water may contribute to the early alterations in lung function following septicemia. Eigher of these may be mediated by blood components. To assess these proposed mechanisms the changes in hemodynamics, pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and gravimetric lung water were measured in the first 4 h after Escherichia coli infusion in the anesthetized dog and baboon. These species were selected because of previously demonstrated differences in the response to gram-negative sepsis. Both species developed systemic hypotension and early hypoxemia. The dogs had early transient increases in venous admixture (Qva/Qt) but not shunt or dead space, while the baboon had a more persistent increase in Qva/Qt and a late increase in dead space, Increases in nonelastic resistance and decreases in lung compliance were preceded or accompanied by decreases in the leukocyte count in both species, but the platelet count, fibrinogen, and total hemolytic complement had different changes in the two species. Postmortem lung analysis revealed increased lung weight in both species but the wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was not increased in either species. The fractional water content of the excess lung mass was less than that of whole blood. Histological examination revealed large numbers of extravasated leukocytes in the lungs, which may be sufficient to explain the increase in lung weight. We conclude that pulmonary edema does not play a role in the early pulmonary response to E. coli bacteremia in either species. The physiological changes observed are more consistent with bronchoconstriction.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound assessment of fetal growth.

Consecutive ultrasonic measurements of the fetal head area, thorax area, abdomen area, head/thorax (H/T) area ratio and head/abdomen (H/A) area ratio were obtained from 100 patients with a normal pregnancy and from 186 patients with suspected intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Of all the measurements used, H/A area ratio was found to be most accurate in identifying intrauterine fetal growth retardation predicting 82.9 per cent at 33 weeks and 85.7 per cent at 36 to 38 weeks of gestation. This technique was also found to be useful in distinguishing between the two types of growth retardation. The H/A area ratio was helpful in identifying the growth acceleration pattern of a large baby.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

The double contrast barium enema: improvements to lateral decubitus views including the use of a wedge filter.

The prognostic importance of early detection of colonic carcinoma is emphasised and the contribution of an accurate barium enema technique is stressed. Horizontal beam lateral decubitus films are routine in double contrast barium enemas, and it is still common practice in many departments to support the cassette for these views either in the bucky tray or with sandbags. The lateral decubitus views of 100 patients using these methods of cassette support were reviewed. A large number of the films (67%) were technically so unsatisfactory due to unilateral under- or over-penetration that they did not provide acceptable visualisation of the colon. The cause of these technical faults, and the methods by which they may be overcome, are described. In addition, a wedge filter was designed to reduce the absorption by dependent soft tissues in obese patients.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1976

Effects of glucose or insulin on myocardial performance in endotoxin shock.

Past studies reported by this laboratory have documented myocardial dysfunction and progressively developing hypoglycemia in canine endotoxin shock. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of glucose concentrations and insulin infusions on myocardial performance following endotoxin administration. Experiments were carried out on isolated, working canine left ventricular heart preparations exchanging blood with intact dogs. Myocardial function was evaluated following endotoxin and correlated with concentrations of glucose and effects of insulin infusion. Cardiac dysfunction occurred within 2-4 hr postendotoxin and the degree of malfunction was not related to arterial blood glucose concentrations. Maintaining blood glucose at control, preshock, levels by infusion of 50% glucose did not prevent myocardial dysfunction as evidenced by elevations of left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and depressed power. Infusions of insulin reversed cardiac failure and maintained normal performance in spite of wide ranges in glucose concentration (5-120 mg%). Findings suggest that myocardial dysfunction is not precipitated or enhanced by the hypoglycemia of endotoxin shock. The beneficial actions of infused insulin on cardiac performance appear to be elicited on the basis of mechanisms other than myocardial glucose transport.

Animals↗