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Biomedical subjects

C Brooks

Publications and source records attributed to C Brooks.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Adult physical activity behavior: a trend analysis.

One of the health objectives for the nation is to have 60% of adults 18-64 years regularly active in vigorous physical activity by 1990. In this paper an effort is made to determine whether American society is making satisfactory progress toward this goal. Two independent databases are analyzed: time diaries collected from a national sample of American adults in 1981; and the Simmons Market Research Bureau, Inc., survey undertaken in 1984. Participation of adults 25-64 in moderate to vigorous activities that included racquet sports, swimming, hiking, bicycling, skiing, jogging, outdoor gardening, skating, etc. is compared between the two time periods. After adjusting for social desirability bias the results indicated there were a similar number of non-participants of the activities analyzed in 1981 and 1984. There was, however, an increase in the number of adults participating occasionally in vigorous activity, although, there did not appear to be any increase in the number who were regularly active, i.e. at least 3 days/week. Thus, while there are indications that adults 25-64 years are adopting more vigorous activity, less than 20% were regular enough in 1984 for improvements in cardiovascular functioning to occur. Unless there were dramatic increases in the activity status of adults 18-24 years of age which was not assessed in this study, the 1990 goal is unlikely to be met.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

High failure rates in outpatient treatment of salpingitis with either tetracycline alone or penicillin/ampicillin combination.

Eight hundred twenty-five ambulatory women with a clinical diagnosis of salpingitis were randomized to a 10-day course of either penicillin/ampicillin or tetracycline. Forty-four percent of women had gonococcal salpingitis and 56% nongonococcal salpingitis. Overall, both regimens cured equal proportions of women: At 30 days, 81% were cured by penicillin/ampicillin and 82% by tetracycline. However, the proportion of women with gonococcal salpingitis cured by 30 days was significantly greater than that of women with nongonococcal salpingitis. By 30 days, 14% of women with gonococcal salpingitis and 21% of women with nongonococcal salpingitis were not cured by either regimen. These data suggest that both regimens were only marginally acceptable for women with gonococcal salpingitis and that neither regimen was acceptable for nongonococcal salpingitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Vasopressin infusion.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1980

Rat liver acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase: its regulation in vivo and some of its properties in vitro.

To gain insight into the role of the enzyme acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, its regulation in rat liver was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro assay conditions were optimized and some properties of the microsomal enzyme in vitro was also studied. Arrhenius plots of microsomal ACAT activity showed discontinuities at about 28-29 degrees C and 16-17 degrees C. Detergents above their critical micelle concentrations and organic solvents both inhibited the enzyme. Addition of progesterone or SC 31769, a 7-keto-cholesterol analogue, to microsomes inhibited activity while addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol increased the rate of cholesterol esterification, suggesting that the enzyme is susceptible to both negative and positive modulation by steroids, steroid analogues, or their metabolic products. Increasing the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis had a variable effect on ACAT activity. It was higher at the circadian peak of sterol biosynthesis than at the nadir. Increasing sterol biosynthesis by intragastric administration of mevalonolactone resulted in increased activity. In contrast, increasing the rate of sterol biosynthesis by feeding cholestyramine or administration of Triton WR 1339 had little effect on ACAT. Increasing hepatic cholesterol content by feeding cholesterol, cholate, or an atherogenic diet, fasting or intragastric administration of mevalonolactone all resulted in increased ACAT activity. ACAT activity showed a positive correlation with changes in microsomal free and esterified cholesterol contents. The response of ACAT to changes in hepatic cholesterol concentration in vivo and its response to changes in the rate of cholesterol synthesis support the hypothesis that this enzyme plays an important role in maintenance of hepatic cholesterol homeostasis.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1978

Role of the surface coat in in vitro attachment and phagocytosis of Plasmodium berghei by peritoneal macrophages.

Evidence is presented to indicate that Plasmodium berghei merozoites, but not trophozotites, have an antiphagocytic capsule. The capsule appears to form around the developing merozoties of the schizont in the parasitophorous vacuole. Serum from animals immune to P. berghei reacts with this capsule. After reaction with immune serum, the antiphagocytic action of the capsule is lost. By the process of binding serum protein, the capsule becomes electron dense and can be readily visuallzed as the surface coat by electron microscopy. At physiological temperatures, phagocytosis by macrophages rapidly follows adhesion of antibody-coated parasites. Both tight and loose phagosomes are formed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of age on collagen fibril formation.

The rates of collagen fibril formation are, under otherwise identical conditions, a function of the age of the acid-soluble rat tail tendon collagen utilized. The rate is most rapid with young adult (165 day) collagen, which exhibits no induction period before collagen multimerization begins. In contrast, 21-day collagen exhibits both a 30% slower rate and an induction period. Collagens from older animals also have age-dependent fibril formation rates going from a maximum at 165 days to 80% of that for 1,100-day-old material. These age-related differences in collagen fibril formation kinetics appear to be related to the degree of cross-linking of the collagen involved.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Collagen age and platelet aggregation.

Rat tail tendon collagen-initiated platelet aggregation exhibits a collagen age-dependent lag time. This lag time is an inverse function of the previously determined rate of fibril formation of collagen, and corresponds to the elapsed time necessary to form a collagen fibril of requisite size under the platelet aggregation conditions chosen. Such fibers exhibit native spacing and appear to be 45 to 90 A in diameter. Fibers preformed to that size (less than 2 min for 21- to 1,100-day-old collagen), no matter what the age of the collagen, give rise to identical platelet aggregations. Fibers formed after more prolonged incubation, greater than or equal to 20 min, have impaired platelet aggregating ability.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Use of the Goal Attainment Scale in the treatment and ongoing evaluation of neurologically handicapped children.

Six children with multiple handicaps were treated as a pilot group by a physical therapist, occupational therapist, and a speech/language pathologist. Baseline evaluations were obtained through a compilation of traditional developmental tests. A Goal Attainment Scale technique was introduced to facilitate reevaluation of the children. The advantages of the scale were to facilitate ongoing feedback for both the professionals and the parents as well as to update specific, individualized goals in each therapeutic area. This information was also helpful to third-party payers of service. Results showed that, after an initial period of familiarization, therapists became more accurate in their expectations of progress in treatment. Therapy time spent with each child was also increased without increasing costs or preparation time for each therapist. Specifically, re-evaluation scores obtained on the Goal Attainment Scales approached a normal, expected distribution of values. The potential value of extending the system to more objectively, efficiently, and concisely display treatment results is discussed.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1977

The isolation and partial characterization of the major glycoprotein (LGP-I) from the articular lubricating fraction from bovine synovial fluid.

The articular lubricating fraction from bovine synovial fluid was prepared by repeated fractionation in three consecutive CsCl density gradients to remove completely traces of hyaluronic acid. The major glycoprotein consituent (LGP-I) was then isolated by repeated gel-permeation chromatography. The yield of the LGP-I component was about 20 mg/litre of synovial fluid. Sedimentation-equilibrium measurements showed that this glycoprotein was homogeneous and the mol.wt. was calculated to be 227500. Amino acids represented 43% (w/w) and carbohydrate constituents 44% (w/w) of the molecule. Threonine, glutamic acid, proline and lysine (224, 127, 242 and 128 residues/1000 residues respectively) were the major amino acids. Galactosamine, galactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid (202, 162 and 114 residues/molecule of LGP-I component respectively) accounted for 98% of the total carbohydrate residues present. Small amounts of mannose and glucosamine (1 and 9mol respectively/mol of LGP-I component) were also present. After treatment of LGP-I component with alkali and NaB3H4 radioactivity was incorporated into alpha-aminobutyric acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 4:1, and radioactive galactosaminitol was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography from a cleaved oligosaccharide fraction. These data demonstrate the presence of threonine and serine -O-GalNAc linkages, but only 25% of the theoretical likages involving threonine were cleaved by a beta-elimination reaction. Digestion of LGP-I component with Pronase followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose yielded glycopeptide fractions with a similar amino acid and carbohydrate composition to the intact molecule. Treatment of desialylated and intact LGP-I component with galactose oxidase followed by reduction with NaB3H4 revealed the presence of 52mol of terminal galactose in the intact molecule and 153mol of galactose/mol of LGP-I component after treatment with neuraminidase. The data indicate the LGP-I component is composed of a single polypeptide chain containg more than 150 oligaosaccharide side chains composed of O-GaINAc-Gal distributed over the length of the peptide chain and that terminal sialic acid residues are linked to galactose in two-thirds of these side chains.

Amino Acids↗