A photogrammetric method was used to measure the range of motion of the iliosacral joint in a two-dimensional in-vitro model. The results were compared with values reported in the literature. The influence of morphological and histopathological parameters was simultaneously studied on the same objects. This method which does not use radiation or metal implants leads to comparable values. Three-dimensional in-vivo studies using similar photogrammetric methods can achieve the required accuracy in a less invasive way.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood clots mimicking peripheral intrabronchial tumors in patients with hemoptysis: CT and bronchoscopic findings.

We report radiographic and clinical findings in two cigarette-smoking patients presenting with hemoptysis. On CT, both patients had peripheral intrabronchial masses together with parenchymal opacities. Bronchoscopy revealed the intrabronchial masses to be blood clots and the parenchymal opacities to correspond to areas of parenchymal hemorrhage. Our cases are novel in that both bronchial and parenchymal sequelae of hemorrhage were simultaneously visualized by CT. Also, our findings suggest that bronchial blood clots should be included in the differential diagnosis of peripheral intrabronchial lesions, notably in patients presenting with hemoptysis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Narrow or wide brackets? Biomechanical investigation of friction on bracket form].

To minimize the effects of friction, the groove lengths of brackets and hence bracket widths should be selected accordingly. This implies that each tooth be seen not as one isolated tooth alone, but rather as part of the whole system. This basic consideration is of decisive importance for the optimum design of bracket size.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Plate osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fractures in adults. A follow-up study.

In 67 diaphyseal femoral fractures in adults treated by plating, the average follow-up time was 5 years. Sixty per cent of the patients suffered multiple injuries; 69% of the fractures were comminuted. The goal of treatment was rigid internal fixation. However, bridging of the comminuted area with a plate was sometimes necessary to maintain length as well as to encourage reconstitution and revascularization of fragments. Almost all patients had satisfactory end results. Only 2 cases were rated poor. Patients with rigid interfragmentary fixation had few complications, while patients with obvious instability (14 cases) developed 2/3 of the complications. The infection rate was 3%. Some complications might have been avoided by early cancellous bone grafting. The study confirms the need for primary or early secondary bone grafting to ensure bony union if cortical defects, potentially unstable fixation, or devascularized fragments are present.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The treatment of nonunions without electrical stimulation.

In most cases of nonunions, healing occurs with rigid fixation of the fragments alone and without any electric stimulation. Most non-unions are programmed by nature to unite. In the majority of cases, the bone ends are well vascularized, much more so than in fresh fractures. Therefore, grafting after rigid fixation is generally unnecessary. Autologous cancellous bone transplant, however, is essential in avascular and infected nonunions. Rigid fixation not only has a very high rate of union, but also the advantage that malalignment and shortening can be corrected and that functional after treatment is possible. Nonsurgical treatments, including electrical stimulation, may also produce union but cannot correct concomitant deformity or other disabling lesions of the limb.

Adult↗