Nerve sheath ganglion of the superficial radial nerve.
Nerve sheath ganglia are infrequent and most commonly involve the peroneal nerve. We describe the previously unreported involvement of the superficial branch of the radial nerve.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C Burrows
Publications and source records attributed to C Burrows.
The sixth stool guaiac test: $47 million that never was.
In a 1975 paper, Neuhauser and Lewicki analysed a colorectal cancer screening policy approved by the American Cancer Society. Their analysis yielded an incremental cost per case detected in excess of $47 million. This vivid demonstration of the impact of marginal analysis is frequently cited by health economists and is often used for pedagogic purposes. The analysis is incorrect because of two fundamental errors. We have reanalysed the protocol in two stages. After correction for these errors, the $47 million disappears, the marginal cost is quite modest and the policy appears to be defensible on economic grounds.
American Cancer Society↗
The Australian health care system: a troubled history. Part I.
The operation of Australia's health care system is inherently unstable because of strong ideological differences between the alternative governing parties. There have been several major restructurings of the system over the last 30 years, and probably further substantial changes will occur in the near future. To understand the operations of the existing system, it is helpful to know something of its history. This article catalogs and explains the major developments of the national health system since its inception in the 1950s.
Australia↗
Australian health care: the current system. Part II.
The current Australian health care system is a return to the compulsory comprehensive insurance system of 1975, funded in part by a levy on incomes and operating through a centralized quazigovernmental institution. This article outlines the main elements of the system and discusses some problem areas. Because the nature and operation of the system depend on which of two alternative Governments is in power, the article also looks to possible changes in the next few years.
Australia↗
Operationalizing non-lethality: a Northern Ireland perspective.
'The troubles' over the last 33 years in Northern Ireland have claimed the lives of 3,636 people, including 302 police-officers and 644 soldiers. Of these deaths, 315 were attributed to the military and 52 to the police.(1) Formative experience of public disorder within the early parts of the conflict is reviewed. This article places the evolution, development and use of baton rounds (rubber and plastic bullets) in context and describes the training of police in their use. The development of a conflict management strategy which provides synergy with community based policing is discussed and the importance of understanding the underlying causes of a conflict for law enforcement personnel is emphasized.
Civil Disorders↗
Effect of hyper-osmotic stress on alanine content of Leishmania major promastigotes.
Earlier studies showed that Leishmania major promastigotes are sensitive to osmotic conditions. A reduction in osmolality caused the cells to shorten and to rapidly release most of their large internal pool of alanine. In this study some effects of hyper-osmotic stress were examined. An increase in osmolality of the culture medium from 308 to 625 mOsm/kg caused only a small decrease in growth rate. When cells grown in the usual culture medium (308 mOsm/kg) were washed, resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer, and subjected to acute hyper-osmotic stress by addition of mannitol, the alanine content increased even in the absence of exogenous substrate. Promastigotes, depleted of alanine by a 5-min exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions, also synthesized alanine when resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer. Washed cells resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer consume their internal pool of alanine under aerobic conditions. Rates of consumption decreased on addition of mannitol, becoming zero at about 440 mOsm/kg. At higher osmolalities, alanine synthesis occurred. To estimate whether proteolysis could account for alanine synthesis in the absence of exogenous substrate, cells that had been grown with [1-14C]leucine were washed and resuspended under hypo-, iso-, and hyper-osmotic conditions and the amounts of 14CO2 and 14C-labelled peptides released in 1 h were measured. Little proteolysis occurred under these conditions, but the possibility that proteolysis was the source of the alanine increase, observed in response to hyper-osmotic stress, cannot be ruled out.
Alanine↗