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Biomedical subjects

C Byrd-Bredbenner

Publications and source records attributed to C Byrd-Bredbenner.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Nutrition intervention group program based on preaction-stage-oriented change processes of the Transtheoretical Model promotes long-term reduction in dietary fat intake.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an intervention program, based on preaction-stage-oriented change processes of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, that could be delivered in a group setting to help participants lower dietary fat intake. DESIGN: An enhanced version of the nonequivalent control group experimental design was used. Entire sections of an undergraduate introductory nutrition science course were assigned to an experimental, pretest/posttest control, or posttest-only control group. Daily fat intake and stage of change of the experimental and pretest/posttest control groups were determined at the pretest and posttest and 1-year later at a follow-up test. Every 1 to 2 weeks during the study, stage of change of the experimental group was assessed. Daily fat intake of the experimental group was assessed at study midpoint. Daily fat intake and stage of change of the posttest-only control group was determined at the posttest. Pretest results were used to place participants of the experimental and pretest/posttest control groups in either the preaction stage (i.e., precontemplation, contemplation, or preparation) or the action/maintenance stage. SUBJECTS/SETTING: The sample consisted of 38, 30, and 42 undergraduate students who were assigned to the experimental, pretest/posttest control, and posttest-only control groups, respectively. INTERVENTION: The experimental group participated in a group-based, dietary fat intake intervention that included a series of 11 lessons taught over a 14-week period. Each lesson was based on 1 or 2 of the preaction-stage-oriented change processes of the Transtheoretical Model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were evaluated to determine the effects of the intervention program on long-term dietary fat reduction and stage of change progression. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Analysis of variance, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and paired t tests. RESULTS: For pretest and posttest dietary fat intake scores, stage and time were significant, and there was a significant time-by-stage interaction. Time was significant for pretest and posttest stage scores. Subjects in the preaction-stage experimental group significantly increased their mean stage of change and reduced their fat intake between the pretest and posttest; these changes persisted for 1 year. Pretest/posttest control group participants who began in a preaction stage also significantly increased their mean stage and reduced fat intake by the posttest, but these changes did not endure until the follow-up test. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: This intervention program produced an enduring, significant reduction in mean dietary fat consumption and a significant progression in mean stage of change of subjects in the experimental group who were in the preaction stage. It may be appropriate to design group interventions to use preaction stage processes rather than the more traditionally used action and maintenance stages change processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Health, medicine, and food messages in television commercials during 1992 and 1998.

The potential effects of television advertisements on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior have generated considerable concern. Part of this concern arises from the overall exposure of children to this medium. By the time they graduate from high school, the time devoted to watching television will exceed the hours spent in school. Hence, health professionals should recognize the disproportionate role of television as an informational and attitudinal source for children. The potential impact of television advertisements, particularly those promoting health-related products such as medications and foods, coupled with the changing nature of television points to this medium as an important candidate for examination. The purpose of this study was to content analyze and compare advertisements broadcast in 1992 and 1998 to create a description of the health information conveyed in top-rated, prime time network television advertisements and to determine the congruence of this information with current health recommendations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Computer-analyzed dietary intake printouts: guidelines for their design and student comprehension.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of individuals to comprehend and interpret information on nutrient analysis computer program printouts and to assess their understanding of certain concepts closely related to such printouts, specifically the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and vitamin and mineral supplementation. The study sample comprised 553 college students who were randomly assigned to one of seven groups. Each group received a nutrient analysis computer printout that varied in terms of type, amount, and format of information supplied. Printouts with varying characteristics were used in order to identify those elements that contributed to the greatest and most correct understanding and interpretation. A 30-item objective knowledge test was used to assess understanding and ability to interpret information on the printouts. Research results indicate that most individuals had misconceptions concerning the RDAs and vitamin and mineral supplementation. Recommendations were made for improving the information provided on printouts regarding these two topics. Subjects had little difficulty in reading the printout correctly. However, groups whose printouts included only nutrient data generally had more difficulty using the information to draw appropriate conclusions and identify ways to improve dietary intake than did individuals whose printouts included short messages listing sources and functions of nutrients. Data presented in graphic format were more easily understood than data in spreadsheet form. Eight design recommendations intended to assist nutritionists and software designers in selecting and/or creating printouts were made on the basis of the results of this study.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1984

A nutrition curriculum for health education: its effect on students' knowledge, attitude, and behavior.

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition instruction, using the curriculum guides, Nutrition In A Changing World, A Curriculum for Junior High Health, and A Curriculum for Senior High Health, on improving the nutrition knowledge, selected food/nutrition attitudes, and dietary behavior of students enrolled in secondary level health courses. Three groups of students were utilized including one experimental and two control groups at each level (junior high and senior high). The experimental group was pretested, taught the nutrition curriculum, and posttested. One control group was posttested only to measure the effect of the pretest on posttest performance. A second control group was pretested and posttested. Neither control group received nutrition instruction until after the study was completed. The three instruments used to collect data were a nutrition knowledge test, a food/nutrition attitude instrument, and a food frequency form. The results indicate that, at all grade levels, the experimental group had significantly improved knowledge scores. Little change in attitude scale scores was noted in grades seven and eight, while ninth grade experimental students scored significantly higher on the posttest for all attitude scales. Little improvement was seen in the posttest food frequency scores.

Adolescent↗