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Biomedical subjects

C C Baker

Publications and source records attributed to C C Baker.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Blunt innominate injury: a report of three cases.

Three consecutive successful repairs of innominate artery tears caused by blunt trauma are reported. Attention is called to the fact that the innominate artery is the second most common site of great vessel injury in this setting. The liberal use of standard angiography and subtraction techniques after high kinetic energy blunt trauma is encouraged. Once the injury is diagnosed, expeditious repair must be undertaken using the principles of adequate exposure for proximal and distal control and careful assessment of cerebral collateral blood flow. Median sternotomy, with a cervical extension if necessary, is the incision of choice. Successful repair is the usual outcome.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Blunt hollow viscus injuries of the digestive tract: a poorly recognized phenomenon.

A review of records from admission to the trauma center at Yale-New Haven Hospital for a five year period (July 1981 through June 1986) revealed 41 blunt hollow viscus injuries in 31 patients. Organs injured included small intestine (18), large intestine (14), duodenum (6), stomach (2), and gall bladder (1). The most accurate predictors of blunt hollow viscus injury were peritoneal lavage (91%, n = 14) and abdominal tenderness (50%). Seventeen patients underwent early celiotomy with morbidity and mortality rates of 16% each. Nonetheless, 13 patients had delay in diagnosis with substantially higher morbidity (46%) and mortality (31%). Blunt hollow viscus injuries are uncommon, are difficult to diagnose, and can lead to major morbidity and mortality when diagnosis is delayed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Promoters of bovine papillomavirus type 1: in vitro activity and utilization.

Five of six bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) promoters which were previously mapped by determining the 5' termini of viral mRNAs from bovine fibropapillomas and BPV-1-transformed cells were found to be active under in vitro transcription conditions. Transcription initiation at each of these promoters was accurate at the nucleotide level as determined by primer extension analysis. The most active promoter in vitro was P89, a typical RNA polymerase II promoter with both TATA and CAAT boxes. The promoters P7185 and P2443 also have TATA-like boxes, but none of the other promoters contain these typical regulatory elements.

Bovine papillomavirus 1↗
PubMed1988

Failure of penicillin prophylaxis in laboratory acquired leptospirosis.

A laboratory technician developed leptospirosis following accidental inoculation, despite prompt administration of parenteral penicillin by an accepted regimen of post-exposure prophylaxis. Another technician was similarly exposed and was given doxycycline; no illness or serological conversion followed. The implications of these cases are discussed and recommendations made for post-exposure chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Chilled drinking water effects on lactating Holstein cows in summer.

In Experiment 1, 12 multiparous lactating cows (six per group) were offered drinking water ad libitum at temperatures of 10 or 30 degrees C in a switchback design. The treatment group received 10 degrees C water from 1235 to 2000 h and was then changed to 30 degrees C water for the remaining 16.5 h/d. The control group received 30 degrees C water 24 h/d. Respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, and rumen motilities were measured at 1100, 1440, and 1810 h, 3 d/wk. Water consumed was recorded for 1235 to 2000 h and 2001 to 1234 h of the next day. Water consumption for the treatment group was 3.90 L/h per cow compared to 5.40 L/h per cow for the control group from 1235 to 2000 h. However, the 10 degrees C water absorbed 65.6 kcal/h more heat than the 30 degrees C water. No differences were found in respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, rumen motilities, or milk yield. Cows that drank 10 degrees C water consumed 3.67 kg of feed DM/100 kg of body weight compared with 3.36 kg of feed for the controls. In Experiment 2, the same two groups of cows were offered 9.5 degrees C water ad libitum for 24 h/d or 27.5 degrees C water for a 48 h comparison. The treatment group tended to consume more water than the control group and to have lower respiratory rates and body temperatures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cholangitis glandularis proliferans. A histologic variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis with distinctive clinical and pathological features.

This is the first report in the American literature of a recently described histologic variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Only six examples of this unique entity, called cholangitis glandularis proliferans (CGP), or proliferative cholangitis, have previously been reported. This disorder typically presents as painless jaundice but differs clinically from PSC by occurring predominantly in females and lacking an association with inflammatory bowel disease. The unique histological features are characterized by florid intramural proliferation of glandular elements in addition to an intense inflammatory component. Anatomically, the lesion is confined to the extrahepatic biliary tree, which enables its successful surgical extirpation since it does not appear to be progressive.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Differential promoter utilization by the bovine papillomavirus in transformed cells and productively infected wart tissues.

Expression of the 'late' genes of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) occurs only in the differentiated keratinocytes of the productively infected fibropapilloma. A detailed analysis of viral transcription in the fibropapilloma was performed and compared to BPV-1 specific transcription in transformed C127 cells. A cDNA library was constructed from bovine fibropapilloma mRNA using the method of Okayama and Berg. Analysis of full length cDNAs showed that the majority of viral transcripts in the fibropapilloma have 5' termini near nt 7250 and utilize a common splice donor site at nt 7385. This mRNA start site was confirmed by the combination of primer extension and nuclease S1 analyses; it is not utilized in the BPV-1-transformed C127 cell, thus identifying it as a wart specific, 'late' promoter. Upstream of this mRNA start site is a tandemly repeated sequence element homologous to the SV40 late promoter sequence GGTACCTAACC, which has been shown to be important for the efficient utilization of the SV40 major late start site. Two additional mRNA start sites at nt 7185 and nt 7940 in the long control region (LCR) were identified and were found to be used in bovine warts as well as in BPV-1-transformed mouse cells. The promoter region upstream of the nt 7940 mRNA start site contains the E2 responsive enhancer mapping between nt 7611 and nt 7805 [Spalholz, B.A., Lambert, P.F., Yee, C. and Howley, P.M. (1987) J. Virol., in press].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-dependent suppression of interleukin alpha (IL-2) production in patients with major trauma.

The depression of interleukin-2 synthesis represents a major dysfunction within the cascade of immunologic defects induced by mechanical and thermal trauma. This study was undertaken to elucidate the negative control mechanisms that were responsible for the deficiency of IL-2 production in polytraumatized patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's) from 29 patients (average age, 35.8 years; average ISS, 35) were separated on post-trauma days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 and cultured as untreated cells (C), cells treated with indomethacin (C + INDO), and cells depleted of adherent cells (C-AC). Cell cultures were assayed for proliferative responses to PHA, IL-2 synthesis, PGE2 production, gamma-interferon levels, and phenotyping studies. On all days post-trauma there was found a marked reduction of IL-2 production compared to controls with a highly significant nadir from day 5 to day 10 with an almost 80% inhibition of IL-2 (p less than 0.005). C + INDO cells showed increases of IL-2 synthesis over untreated cells ranging from 48% (Day 1) to 220% (Day 7). Removal of adherent cells (C-AC) did not reverse the suppression of IL-2 production. gamma-interferon levels were depressed in parallel with IL-2 levels but did not increase with C + INDO. The phenotyping of the PBMC's showed highly significant suppression of OKT3+, OKT4+, and IL-2R+ lymphocytes as well as a highly significant elevation of the monocyte (p less than 0.005) count. There was a highly significant increase of PGE2 synthesis from monocytes, due to the monocytosis and to a higher capacity of synthesis of the individual cells following trauma. PGE2 levels peaked on Day 5 and 7 post-trauma at 400% of control (p less than 0.005). These data suggest that the suppression of IL-2 synthesis post trauma is caused mainly by two factors: the excessive PGE2 output of inhibitory monocytes and inadequate function in immature and/or blocked lymphocytes. The partial restoration of IL-2 synthesis by indomethacin suggests that blockade of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway as an immunomodulating therapy may reverse some of the immunologic abnormalities in multiple trauma patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Structural and transcriptional analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 sequences in cervical carcinoma cell lines.

We cloned and analyzed the integrated human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) genomes that are present in the human cervical carcinoma cell lines SiHa and CaSki. The single HPV-16 genome in the SiHa line was cloned as a 10-kilobase (kb) HindIII fragment. Integration of the HPV-16 genome occurred at bases 3132 and 3384 with disruption of the E2 and E4 open reading frames (ORFs). An additional 52-base-pair deletion of HPV-16 sequences fused the E2 and E4 ORFs. the 5' portion of the disrupted E2 ORF terminated immediately in the contiguous human right-flanking sequences. Heteroduplex analysis of this cloned integrated viral genome with the prototype HPV-16 DNA revealed no other deletions, insertions, or rearrangements. DNA sequence analysis of the E1 ORF, however, revealed the presence of an additional guanine at nucleotide 1138, resulting in the fusion of the E1a and E1b ORFs into a single E1 ORF. Sequence analysis of the human flanking sequences revealed one-half of an Alu sequence at the left junction and a sequence highly homologous to the human O repeat in the right-flanking region. Analysis of the three most abundant BamHI clones from the CaSki line showed that these consisted of full-length, 7.9-kb HPV-16 DNA; a 6.5-kb genome resulting from a 1.4-kb deletion of the long control region; and a 10.5-kb clone generated by a 2.6-kb tandem repeat of the 3' early region. These HPV-16 genomes were arranged in the host chromosomes as head-to-tail, tandemly repeated arrays. Transcription analysis revealed expression of the HPV-16 genome in each of these two cervical carcinoma cell lines, albeit at significantly different levels. Preliminary mapping of the viral RNA with subgenomic strand-specific probes indicated that viral transcription appeared to be derived primarily from the E6 and E7 ORFs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Ethnic differences in accident rates at work.

The accidents at work of 4482 employees in a car engine machining and assembly plant in south east England were studied retrospectively over a 12 month period. The study population was composed of Asian (22%), white (66%), and West Indian employees (12%). The crude accident rates differed among the groups, the means being Asians 1.58, white 1.23, and West Indians 1.28. There was, however, no consistent ethnic difference after adjustment for other factors such as age, type of job, and duration of service. Accident rates were higher in those employees who were younger, newly employed, and in production jobs. The findings of this research imply that accident prevention programmes should be directed to those factors known to relate to accidents and not to any specific ethnic group.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning of bovine transforming growth factor-beta 1.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has been purified from a number of different sources and has a broad species specificity. To deduce the complete amino acid sequence of bovine TGF beta 1 we have isolated cDNA clones encoding the protein from a bovine fibropapilloma library using a human cDNA probe. Sequence analysis of two independent cDNA clones revealed that the 112 amino acids corresponding to bovine TGF beta 1 are identical to those of the human and porcine proteins. This unusually high degree of conservation in the primary structure of the human and bovine proteins reflects the strong evolutionary constraints for maintenance of structure and function of the molecule. As in the human, murine, and porcine systems, the mature form of TGF beta 1 is derived by proteolytic cleavage of a larger precursor. Small differences in amino acid sequence were observed in the portion of the precursor that does not include mature TGF beta 1, although 92% of the residues are still conserved. A 2.25 kilobase (kb) mRNA was identified in total bovine wart and bone RNA, whereas no message was detected in polyadenylated spleen or brain RNA. In addition to the major 2.25 kb message, we observed a 1.9 kb transcript in poly(A+) RNA from wart tissue.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Depression of cellular immunity after major injury. Its association with posttraumatic complications and its reversal with immunomodulation.

This study examined a group of surgical patients with respect to the ability of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Depression of the PHA response of more than 30% below baseline five to seven days after injury was found in 11 of 19 patients, and eight of them developed infectious complications. The addition of indomethacin to in vitro cultures resulted in an average enhancement of the PHA response of 37% baseline. Improvement at five to seven days with in vitro indomethacin was from 34% to 74% in infected patients. These data suggest that major injury can lead to depression of the PHA response, which correlates with the subsequent development of infectious complications. Indomethacin in vitro seems to be able to reverse or decrease this immunologic defect and deserves further study.

Adult↗