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Biomedical subjects

C C Duncan

Publications and source records attributed to C C Duncan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage. Effect of indomethacin on cerebral blood flow.

The newborn beagle puppy has been demonstrated to provide a good model for neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). A study was designed to determine if indomethacin can prevent IVH and if indomethacin would produce changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Newborn beagle puppies were randomized by computer into two groups: one was pretreated with indomethacin, a known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, and the other was saline. The dogs in both groups were then assigned either to undergo hemorrhagic hypotension/volume reexpansion insult or to receive no insult. Twenty percent of all pups receiving indomethacin and undergoing the insult experienced IVH, compared to 71% of the pups undergoing insult that had been pretreated with saline. Significant alterations in the blood pressure responses to the hemorrhagic hypotension/volume reexpansion insult were noted in the former group compared to the saline-pretreated pups subjected to insult. Finally, employing carbon-14 autoradiography for the determination of CBF, it was demonstrated that indomethacin decreases resting CBF of the newborn beagle pups and, in indomethacin-pretreated animals subjected to insult, prevents the increases in CBF seen in the saline-pretreated traumatized pups.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Repair of lumbosacral myelomeningoceles with double Z-rhomboid flaps. Technical note.

The authors describe a double Z-rhomboid technique for the closure of large lumbosacral myelomeningocele defects. After the dorsally displaced neural tissue has been reduced into the vertebral canal and a watertight closure of the dura lining the sac has been achieved, the skin defect is surgically converted to the shape of a rhombus. Equilateral Z-plasty flaps are elevated at the sides of the rhombus and transposed across the defect to secure wound closure. A successful experience with 10 consecutive cases of lumbosacral myelomeningoceles repaired with this technique is reported.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Removal of retained ventricular shunt catheters without craniotomy. Technical note.

A technique is described in which insulated suction is used to extract infected retained ventricular catheters in cases of shunt infection. This procedure allows safe removal without craniotomy. Retained catheters are pulled through an insulated No. 11F or 13F suction tube attached to an electrocoagulation unit used for resection and coagulation of adhesions. The technique has been successful in two cases with retained catheters.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major neurological problem of the preterm infant and originates in the germinal matrix tissues of the developing brain. The newborn beagle pup has been demonstrated to provide an excellent model for this neonatal neuropathological condition. By the production of hemorrhagic hypotension followed by relative volume reexpansion, such hemorrhages can be produced in this animal. Carbon-14 (14C)-iodoantipyrine was used for measuring the cerebral blood flow in this experimental model and demonstrated that, although the germinal matrix is a relatively low-flow area in the newborn beagle pup, the selective flow to this region increases significantly in animals with IVH.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Local cerebral glucose utilization in the beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage.

Local cerebral glucose utilization has been measured by means of carbon-14(14C)-autoradiography with 2-deoxyglucose in the newborn beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage. Our studies demonstrate gray matter/white matter differentiation of uptake of 14C-2-deoxyglucose in the control pups, as would be expected from adult animal studies. However, there is a marked homogeneity of 14C-2-deoxyglucose uptake in all brain regions in the puppies with intraventricular hemorrhage, possibly indicating a loss of the known coupling between cerebral blood flow and metabolism in this neuropathological condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of Canavan's disease.

Computed tomography (CT scan) demonstrated a symmetrical decrease in white matter attenuation of the cerebral hemispheres of two young children with macrocephaly and normal neurological examination. Subsequent developmental delay led to brain biopsy, which documented Canavan's disease (spongy degeneration of the brain, Van Bogaert-Bertrand type). The CT scans obtained from these patients with proved Canavan's disease appeared to be quite characteristic in differentiating this disorder from Alexander's disease and adrenoleukodystrophy (Schilder's disease). The CT scan may decrease the necessity for diagnostic brain biopsy in these white matter disorders.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

A scale for the assessment of neonatal neurologic status.

We have described early experience with the neonatal arousal scale. The infant's best response to bell and light are assessed and scored in addition to the observation of his spontaneous motor activity or response to tactile stimulation. This approach offers the prospect that rapid, reliable, and repetitive neurologic assessment may be carried out by all levels of personnel caring for small and critically ill neonates. The results of our experience in 100 consecutive patients who survived longer than 24 have been reported.

Arousal↗
PubMed1981

Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in the infant.

The authors report 18 infants with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces seen at their institution during a 1-year time interval. This condition is characterized by the computerized tomography findings of dilatation of the subarachnoid spaces, normal or slightly enlarged ventricular size, and prominence of the basilar cisterns. Most cases were found in children referred for the evaluation of abnormally increasing head circumference measurements. Although it was not possible to document the development, and, in several cases, improvement of this process, in these patients enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces was a benign diagnosis, not associated with serious neurological dysfunction.

Head↗
PubMed1981

Alterations in cerebral blood flow in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Xenon-133 inhalation hemispheric cerebral blood flow (HCBF) determinations at one to two days and four to six days postnatally and at 37 weeks postconceptual age have been correlated with computed tomography (CT) scan and autopsy findings in 15 preterm infants weighing less than 1,250 gm at birth. Ten of these infants had germinal matrix hemorrhages (GMH) or intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH). Although HCBF obtained at one to two days showed no mean difference between the GMH/IVH group and the nonhemorrhage infants, hemispheric flow ratios showed significant discrepancies in the GMH/IVH group. In addition, in four of five patients in whom the hemorrhage appeared asymmetric on CT scan, the side of higher flow correlated with the hemorrhage. At four to six days HCBF showed a lower mean value in the GMH/IVH patients than in the nonhemorrhage patients and differences in the interhemispheric ratios in the GMH/IVH group persisted. There were no differences in the mean HCBF values or hemispheric ratios between the two groups of infants at 37 weeks postconceptual age.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of complicated migraine in childhood.

We report on 3 patients with complicated migraine of childhood. Family history was positive for migraine in each case, and all experienced the acute onset pf neurologic deficits in associated with throbbing hemicranium. Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow determinations, electroencephalograms and cerebral arteriograms in addition to persistent neurologic sequelae were demonstrated. We propose that complicated migraine of childhood is not an entirely benign symptom complex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal protein patterns in multiple sclerosis.

Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and those obtained from normal subjects are indistinguishable by regular 5% or 7% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, 11 out of 15 MS sera examined by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed three distinct protein bands. None of the sera obtained from 10 normal subjects showed the characteristic protein patterns when they were examined by gradient gel electrophoresis. Similar results were obtained with de-albumin serum samples or with serum proteins precipitable at 50% ammonium sulfate saturation. These three proteins have now been purified to homogeneity by preparative gradient gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights of these proteins were estimated from gradient gel electrophoresis as 398,000, 363,000 and 302,000 daltons, respectively.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of tetrahydropapaveroline in the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area on ethanol preference in the rat.

Numerous studies have attempted to identify sites of action in brain that are sensitive to the dopamine-aldehyde condensation product, tetrahydropapaveroline (THP). Recent studies performed by Myers and his co-workers have uncovered diverse sites of action in the brain. The present experiments were based on the hypothesis that the dopamine-aldehyde condensation products would be most reactive at those synapses that were dominated by the parent amine. To test this hypothesis, rats were implanted with bilateral cerebral cannulae in those brain regions that define the rostral-caudal aspects of two major dopaminergic systems: the mesolimbic system and the nigrostriatal system. Following surgery, rats were given single, bilateral injections of 1.0 microgram THP. The results suggest that a single injection of THP tends to augment the rat's preference for ethanol, when THP is placed in regions of the brain that correspond to the mesocorticolimbic system which in this study included certain aspects of the posterior hypothalamus. THP did not change the rat's preference for ethanol when the compound was injected into the nigrostriatal system.

Alcohol Drinking↗