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Biomedical subjects

C C Nimmon

Publications and source records attributed to C C Nimmon.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Targeting of iodine-123-labelled tumour-associated monoclonal antibodies to ovarian, breast, and gastrointestinal tumours.

Two tumour-associated monoclonal antibodies, HMFG1 and HMFG2, were labelled with iodine-123 and used to detect primary and metastatic ovarian, breast, and gastrointestinal neoplasms by external body scintigraphy in twenty patients with advanced disease. Tumours became visible 3 min to 18 h after injection of labelled antibody. The presence of antibody in the tumours was confirmed by autoradiography and immunoperoxidase staining of surgically removed tissues. The mean tumour uptake of radiolabel was 0.6% of the injected amount. These antibodies can therefore localise specifically to tumours and successful imaging can thus be achieved. This method can complement existing diagnostic techniques and also provide a basis for a selective therapeutic approach to malignant disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Detection of human cancer in an animal model using radio-labelled tumour-associated monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies to epithelial-cell antigenic determinants, labelled with 123I and 125I, were administered parenterally to immunodeficient mice bearing human tumours derived from a human cancer cell line. Anterior, posterior and lateral radioscans of the body were taken with a gamma scintillation camera at various times from immediately to 65 days after injection. Visual displays of the images were processed by standard computer techniques. The model used a human colon-cancer cell line, HT29, and the monoclonal antibody, AUA1, which is specific to an epithelial proliferating antigen. Tumour detection was achieved in all the mice. The smallest tumour detectable appeared to be about 1 mm in diameter. The degree of antibody uptake in a tumour depended on its size and the blood supply of its surrounding tissues We believe that the technology and skills are now available for accurate radioimmunodetection of cancer in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A non-invasive gamma-camera technique for the measurement of intrarenal flow distribution in man.

1. A new method, based on the transit time of omicron-iodohippurate sodium (Hippuran) through the kidney, is proposed as an accurate non-invasive means of measuring the intrarenal flow distribution in man. 2. Data from [123I]Hippuran gamma-camera renography are utilized in this method which employs region of interest selection, deconvolution, cross-correlation and curve subtraction to obtain the spectrum of transit times through the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. 3. In 12 normal subjects the mean percentage cortical flow was 83.9% (SEM 0.7%) which is approximately the anatomical proportion of cortical nephrons in the human kidney. 4. Cortical flow as a percentage of total was significantly reduced in 21 hypertensive patients, all of whom had no evidence of primary renal disease (mean 74.6%, SEM 1.5%). 5. In both the normotensive and hypertensive groups there was a good correlation between the results obtained from the left and right kidneys of the same patient showing the parallel physiological response of the two kidneys (mean difference 4%, P less than 0.001). 6. Reduction in the distribution of flow to the cortical nephrons in the essential hypertensive patients supports the hypothesis that renal autoregulation is important in this syndrome.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Measurement of the effects of a single dose of prazosin on the cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients.

It was considered that the first dose reaction occurring with prazosin may have been due either to hypotension or to a specific reduction in cerebral blood flow. The development of a quantitative non-invasion nuclear medicine technique for cerebral flow has now made it possible to investigate the effects of prazosin on cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients. This double-blind study showed a significant decrease in BP and a small just significant increase in cerebral blood flow following a single 1-mg dose of prazosin, when compared with a placebo. From these results, it is unlikely that the first dose reactions which occurred with prazosin were due to a specific reduction in cerebral blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Global and regional cerebral blood flow. Noninvasive quantitation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Since inert gas washout techniques for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement are not applicable to asymmetrical pathological states where assumptions about constancy of distribution, volume, and partition coefficients cannot be held to be valid, a new approach to regional and global CBF is described. Regional volume and regional mean transit time are measured independently to give regional volume flow in ml/min. In a pilot study, this noninvasive, quantitative technique has been applied to 37 patients with various clinical responses to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Global CBF and clinical grading were significantly associated. Reduction of regional CBF and spasm of the relevant arterial supply were also significantly associated in these patients.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1979

Obstructive nephropathy: successful evaluation with radionuclides.

A non-invasive test of nephron function, the renal parenchymal transit time (P.T.T.) index, is shown to be as accurate as antegrade pressure measurements in diagnosis of renal outflow obstruction. It is more sensitive than conventional methods of demonstrating the associated obstructive nephropathy. P.T.T. is useful in following the effects of surgery, or of temporising, in patients with confirmed or potential outflow tract obstruction. Renal radionuclide P.T.T. analysis gives the functional information essential for the management of patients in whom intravenous urography reveals a dilated renal pelvis.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1978

The distinction between obstructive uropathy and nephropathy by radioisotope transit times.

Deconvolution analysis of different regions of interest on gamma camera renography enables obstructive lesions causing impairment of nephron function to be distinguished from obstructive lesions which parenchymal function is unimpaired. Quantitation of isotope transit time through the parenchyma is a reliable method of diagnosing upper urinary tract obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The obstructed kidney: correlation between renal function and urodynamic assessment.

In 20 patients with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction the results of quantification of the change in renal pelvis size during high-dose intravenous urography with a diuretic, pressure/flow studies, standard renography and deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram have been compared. The results of high-dose intravenous urography and pressure/flow studies correlated well. Renography was unreliable in diagnosing obstruction unless deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram was used to differentiate those showing an obstructive uropathy from those with an obstructing nephropathy.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The influence of geometrical factors in 131-I-hippuran renography.

Using a particular collimated NaI scintillation detector and a kidney phantom containing 131-I, the dependence of the resulting count rates on collimator-kidney geometry has been determined. These results have been used to calculate the geometrical contribution to the error in the measurement of relative effective renal plasma flow (REP) by 131-I-Hippuran renography. When radiographic and ultrasonic methods of localizing the kidneys are employed, this error has been found to follow a normal distribution with a SD of 2.6% in the case of equally divided function. Combination of this error with that from natural movement and statistical fluctuations, as observed using a dose of 10 muCi 131-I-Hippuran, has led to the estimation of a corresponding potential error 11%. Values of the potential error, which is defined as the 99% probability range, have been calculated covering the range of RFP.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1975

Kidney position and the measurement of relative uptake of 131-I Hippuran in renography.

The distribution of kidney position in the sitting posture has been determined in a series of patients presenting for renography, using radiographic and ultrasonic techniques. Both the craniocaudal distribution of kidney centre positions and the distribution of the differences in depth below the posterior skin surface of the two kidney centres have been found to have a significant standard deviation. The effect of these distributions on the measurement of relative effective renal plasma flow by 131-I Hippuran probe renography has been calculated for the situation in which no kidney localizing techniques are used. The resulting error distribution has an SD of 21.7 per cent in the case of equally divided function.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain injury without head injury after multiple trauma.

Watershed infarction has previously been described after cerebral trauma, when it is due to raised intracranial pressure or systemic hypotension. A case is reported, so far as is known for the first time, of bilateral watershed infarction following blunt systemic trauma, without injury to the head or neck. The importance of resuscitation in preventing secondary brain injury caused by systemic hypotension is highlighted. The advantages of HMPAO-SPET in detecting cerebral perfusion defects are discussed.

Adult↗