Biomedical subjects

C C Pan

Publications and source records attributed to C C Pan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Influence of 3D-CRT pelvic irradiation on outcome in prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: The role of pelvic irradiation (PRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer remains unclear. We reviewed our institution's experience with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT) during the prostate-specific antigen era to determine the influence of PRT on the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients who have a predicted risk of lymph node involvement. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between March 1985 and January 2001, 1832 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with definitive 3D-CRT. All treatments involved CT planning to ensure coverage of the intended targets. Treatment consisted of prostate-only treatment, prostate and seminal vesicle treatment, or PRT of lymph nodes at risk followed by a boost. To create relatively homogenous analysis groups, each patient's percentage of risk of lymph node (%rLN) involvement was assigned by matching the patient's T stage, Gleason score, and initial prostate-specific antigen level to the appropriate value as described in the updated Partin tables. Three categories of %rLN involvement were defined: low, 0-5%; intermediate, >5-15%; and high, >15%. Biochemical recurrence was defined as the first occurrence of either the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition of prostate-specific antigen failure or the initiation of salvage hormonal therapy for any reason. RESULTS: The risk status (%rLN) could be determined for 709 low-risk, 263 intermediate-risk, and 309 high-risk patients. The actuarial freedom from biochemical recurrence (bNED) and the log-rank test for the similarity of the control and treatment survival functions are reported for each risk group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant benefit for the entire population treated with PRT, with a relative risk reduction of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.97). Although the multivariate analysis could not determine the patient population that would most benefit from PRT, the beneficial effect appeared to be most pronounced within the intermediate-risk group. Univariate analysis revealed that the intermediate-risk patients treated with PRT had an improved 2-year bNED rate, 90.1% vs. 80.6% (p = 0.02), and both low-risk and high-risk patients treated with PRT had statistically similar 2-year bNED rates compared with those who did not receive it. CONCLUSION: Pelvic 3D-CRT appears to improve bNED in prostate cancer patients. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the %rLN population for which this treatment should be recommended.

Disease-Free Survival↗

PubMed2001

Thymoma is associated with an increased risk of second malignancy.

BACKGROUND: An association between thymoma and second malignancy has been suggested but has not been validated. Whether the relation is due to treatment or to other thymoma-associated conditions is unclear. METHODS: The authors studied 192 consecutive patients with thymoma and compared the incidence of second malignancies with those of 206 patients who underwent thymectomy for nonthymomatous conditions and 1426 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Detailed clinicopathologic features of thymoma patients with second malignancies were described. RESULTS: Additional malignancies were detected in 15 of 192 patients (8%) during their clinical courses. The risk for those patients was significantly greater compared with the risk for patients with nonthymomatous conditions (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.81; 95% confidential intervals [95%CI], 1.05-13.81; P = 0.042) and patients with NPC (adjusted OR, 4.89; 95%CI, 2.26-10.53; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, gender, length of follow-up, myasthenia gravis, and radiation therapy. The occurrence of second malignancies did not correlate with histologic type or stage of thymoma, radiation therapy, or myasthenia gravis. CONCLUSIONS: Thymoma is associated with an increased risk of second malignancy. The association cannot be attributed to the effect of thymectomy or radiation therapy. Patients with thymoma, even if it is benign, should be followed regularly to facilitate the early detection of other malignancies.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

High failure rate using allograft fascia lata in pubovaginal sling surgery for female stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVES: To present our unfavorable experiences using allograft fascia lata. Allograft fascia lata is an attractive sling material providing less pain, a shorter operation time, and a reported effectiveness equal to autologous fascia. METHODS: A total of 18 women (mean age 51.7 years, range 37 to 76) underwent pubovaginal sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence between March 1999 and July 1999 and were enrolled in this study. Solvent dehydrated gamma-irradiated human fascia lata with a size of 7 x 2 cm was used as the sling. The results were collected with a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for a mean of 9.2 months (range 6.9 to 11.6). Thirteen patients considered the surgery successful or to have provided improvement, with a mean of 82.5% (range 50% to 100%) subjective improvement. Five patients (27.8%) had significant failure with full recurrence of incontinence within 3 to 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Solvent dehydrated gamma-irradiated allograft fascia is not reliable in pubovaginal sling surgery. The high failure rates within a short period prohibit its use in the operative management of stress urinary incontinence.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Comparative analysis of sampling methods for grossing radical prostatectomy specimens performed for nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Scant data are available comparing sampling methods of radical prostatectomy specimens performed for clinical stage T1c (nonpalpable) cancer. Seventy-eight stage T1c radical prostatectomies that had 1 or more of the following adverse pathologic findings-Gleason score > or = 7, positive margins, and extraprostatic extension-were compared using 10 different sampling techniques. Of the 78 entirely submitted cases, 52 had Gleason score > or = 7, 14 had positive margins, and 54 had extraprostatic extension (mean 34 slides). Of the partial sampling methods, we favor the following two methods. The first is submitting every posterior section plus 1 midanterior section from right and left sides; if either of these anterior sections show sizeable tumor, all ipsilateral anterior slides are examined. This method detects 98% of tumors with Gleason score > or = 7, 100% of positive margins, and 96% of cases with extraprostatic extension (mean 27 slides). The second method is to use the above method but restrict it to sections ipsilateral to the previous positive needle biopsy. This method detects 92% of tumors with Gleason score > or = 7, 93% of positive margins, and 85% of cases with extraprostatic extension (mean 17 slides). Partial sampling can detect important prognostic parameters. By balancing the extra expense and time involved to process and examine additional sections with the risk of missing important prognostic parameters, pathologists can decide which sampling method to use.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Spindle cell and mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas: an integrated clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 81 cases.

Forty-three cases of spindle cell thymoma (medullary, WHO type A) and 38 cases of mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymoma (WHO type AB) were studied for their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. Three histologic patterns of spindle cell thymoma were observed: short-spindled (57%), long-spindled (31%), and micronodular (12%). The short-spindled variant was composed of oval to short spindle cells commonly arranged in a hemangiopericytic or microcystic pattern. The long-spindled variant chiefly consisted of fibroblast-like epithelial cells mimicking fibrohistiocytic neoplasms. The micronodular variant was characterized by small nests of short spindle cells dispersed among a lymphoid stroma with frequent germinal centers. All kinds of spindle cell could be admixed with lymphocyte-rich "cortex"-like areas to constitute mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial cells in up to 70% of the short-spindled and long-spindled variants of spindle cell thymoma and 90% of mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas were positive for CD20, whereas the epithelial cells in all micronodular spindle cell thymomas were negative. All of the spindle cell thymomas and most of the mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas in this study were found in stages I and II. Follow up of the patients did not disclose relapse or mortality directly resulting from the tumors. However, the prognosis of stage I and II spindle cell and mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas did not significantly differ from those of stage I and II thymomas of other types by a stage-matched survival analysis. Our data showed that spindle cell and mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas are distinctive in histologic pattern and immunohistochemical profile. When interpreted within the context of staging, spindle cell and mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymomas presenting in stages I and II most likely behave in an indolent fashion.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Real-time dynamic telepathology through the Internet: evaluation of a new and economic technology at Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Computer-aided, digitalized telepathology was introduced about 10 years ago and is gaining acceptance as a mode of providing pathology to remote site. The usefulness of telepathology for remote diagnosis of histology, cytology and frozen section has been evaluated in USA, Europe and Japan. In Taiwan, the use of telepathology for pathological diagnosis is still rare. In order to evaluate the potential use of this technique, we undertook the study using commercialized and low-cost microscopy, personal computer and software on routine biopsy material. METHODS: Sixty prostatic sextant transrectal needle biopsies, including 30 cases of adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign lesions, were retrieved retrospectively. The real-time dynamic images were transmitted to the remote site via internet and reviewed by a senior uropathologist who was unaware of the diagnosis. The diagnoses made at the remote site were correlated to the final diagnoses of the cases. RESULTS: All malignant specimens (30/30) were correctly diagnosed by this method. Only one benign case (1/31) of nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis was misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that this method is a good way for teleconsultation. Further studies on other types of specimen worth encouragement for both intra- and inter-institutional consultation.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2000

The prognostic significance of tertiary Gleason patterns of higher grade in radical prostatectomy specimens: a proposal to modify the Gleason grading system.

The Gleason grading system of prostatic adenocarcinoma does not account for the existence of a tertiary (third most prevalent) pattern, and there are no studies concerning the latter's prognostic influence. The authors analyzed 114 radical prostatectomies with small tertiary components, which mostly occupied less than 5% of whole tumors. These specimens were compared with a prostatectomy database comprised of 2,276 cases without a tertiary component. The pathologic stages of "typical" Gleason score 5 to 6 tumors (Gleason scores 2 + 3 = 5, 3 + 2 = 5, 3 + 3 = 6), which contained tertiary patterns 4 or 5, were significantly higher than those of "typical" Gleason score 5 to 6 tumors without pattern 4 (p = 0.018) but lower than those of "typical" Gleason score 7 tumors (p = 0.021; Gleason scores, 3 + 4 = 7, 4 + 3 = 7). Typical Gleason score 7 tumors with a tertiary pattern 5 showed significantly worse pathologic stages than typical Gleason score 7 tumors (p = 0.008) without pattern 5 and were not different statistically from typical Gleason score 8 (Gleason score, 4 + 4 = 8) tumors. Both typical Gleason score 5 to 6 and 7 tumors with tertiary components revealed significantly higher progression rates than typical Gleason score 5 to 6 tumors (p <0.0001) and Gleason score 7 tumors (p = 0.003) without tertiary components, and progressed like typical Gleason score 7 and 8 tumors respectively. Tertiary high-grade components have an adverse impact on biologic behavior. The authors propose that the Gleason system for radical prostatectomy specimens be modified to take into account small volumes of patterns 4 and 5, which are important prognostically.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Tubulocystic clear cell adenocarcinoma arising within the prostate.

Neoplasms resembling ovarian common epithelial-type tumors, including clear cell adenocarcinomas, rarely occur in the lower urinary tract of men. When they do, they develop in the urethra or urinary bladder. We report a case of such a tumor arising within the prostate of a 47-year-old man. The tumor was a cystic mass in the left posterolateral region of the prostate. Histologically, the tumor was chiefly composed of tubulocystic and papillary glands lined by glycogen-rich, cuboidal or hobnail cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor cells were strongly positive for pan-cytokeratin, low molecular weight cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen, and focally positive for high molecular weight keratin. The tumor did not immunohistochemically express prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase. Serologically, the patient had increased levels of CA125 instead of PSA. The clinical as well as the pathologic features are consistent with a clear cell adenocarcinoma as seen in the female genital tract rather than a typical prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed2000

Transitional cell carcinoma in dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an increased incidence of urothelial cancer, especially transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), in uremic patients on dialysis. METHODS: Retrospective chart analyses were completed for 1,910 uremic patients undergoing maintenance dialysis between January 1987 and December 1997. The incidence of urinary tract cancer was assessed. Only the patients with cancers diagnosed after start of dialysis were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: Of the 1,910 patients, 70 had concomitant urinary tract cancers. Nineteen patients (0.99%), including 17 patients with TCC and 2 patients with renal cell carcinoma, were diagnosed after the initiation of dialysis. The average duration from dialysis to TCC diagnosis was 38.3 (range 2-144) months. Painless gross hematuria was the cardinal symptom in 16 of the 17 patients with TCC. In the 17 patients with TCC, no distant metastases were found at the time of diagnosis. Fourteen patients (82.3%) were stage 0 or A, and 1 patient was stage B1. CONCLUSIONS: The 0.89% incidence of TCC in our dialysis patients was high as compared with that of the general population. The risks of developing urinary TCC in dialysis patients were examined, and we suggest that immunosuppressive stage, dialysis procedure, and chronic bladder irritation (decreased urinary wash effect) may play a part in the development of urinary TCC in dialysis patients. Early detection of hematuria due to regular visits and decreased exposure of urinary tract epithelium to carcinogens from urine may explain why early-stage TCC was seen in most of our patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Iron-deficient diet reduces atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice.

BACKGROUND: Iron deposition is evident in human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that iron may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. To test this idea, the correlation between the extent of iron deposition and the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of a low-iron diet on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in these animals was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Iron deposition in tissues of apoE-deficient mice was examined by Perls' staining method. The results clearly demonstrated that iron deposits are present in atherosclerotic lesions and tissue sections of heart and liver in an age-dependent manner. When the young mice received a low-iron diet for 3 months, the hematocrit, serum iron, hemoglobin, and cholesterol concentrations were not significantly altered compared with those of littermates placed on a chow diet. However, the serum ferritin level of animals in the iron-restricted group was 27% to 30% lower than that of the control group in either sex. Furthermore, the lipoproteins isolated from the iron-restricted group exhibited greater resistance to copper-induced oxidation. Histological examination revealed that atherosclerotic lesions developed in mice fed a low-iron diet were significantly smaller than those found in control littermates. Likewise, the iron deposition as well as tissue iron content was much less in aortic tissues of the iron-restricted animals. Circulating autoantibodies to oxidized LDL and immunostains for epitopes of malondialdehyde-modified LDL detected on lesions were also significantly lower in mice fed a low-iron diet. CONCLUSIONS: Iron deposition is closely associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Restriction in dietary iron intake leads to significant inhibition of lesion formation in these animals. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of a low-iron diet may be mediated, at least in part, by the reduction of iron deposition as well as LDL oxidation in vascular lesions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1999

Evaluation and validation of ureteric jet index by glomerular filtration rate.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Ureteric jet index (UJI), a newly developed technique derived from color Doppler ultrasonography, may hold promise in evaluating renal function because of its ability to evaluate individual renal function and the use of nonionizing radiation. To assess the usefulness of UJI, the authors in this study analyzed the relation between UJI and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS: Fifteen adult patients with a wide range of renal function were included in this study. Subjects were well hydrated before color Doppler ultrasonography examinations. The UJI formula was: Vmean (average jet velocity) x D (jet duration) x F (jet frequency). GFR was calculated by the radionuclide method. Correlations between UJI, serum creatinine, and GFR were analyzed. RESULTS: Ureteric jet index had only a fair correlation with GFR. The coefficient of correlation value was 0.61, and the standard error of estimate of GFR was 17.9 mL/min. CONCLUSIONS: With the measurement of UJI, color Doppler ultrasound can provide both structural images and individual renal function information. It could substitute for a renal scan in determining individual renal function when a radionuclide examination is unavailable. Even if a renal scan were available, UJI can play a valuable role in the ultrasound examination of patients with suspected impaired renal function, providing further assessment of individual renal function.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

The role of interleukin 12 in the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.

The cytokine profile of atherosclerotic aortas from apoE-deficient mice was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The results clearly showed that the expression of mRNA for IL-12p40 was evident in aortas from 3-month-old apoE-deficient mice. The mRNA for IL-10 was detected in aorta from these mice at the age of 6 months, indicating that expression of IL-12 is earlier than that of IL-10 in these animals. Concurrent with IL-12p40, the mRNA for the T-cell cytokine IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, was detected in aortas of mice at young and old ages. Both in situ hybridization and immunostaining further demonstrated the localization of IL-12 in macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions. Immunohistochemistry also demonstrated the expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 in macrophages, suggesting that activation of T lymphocytes by macrophages may occur via surface antigens in lesions. When the immunoglobulin isotype of the antioxidized LDL antibodies in sera of apoE-deficient mice was determined, it revealed that both IgM and IgG were present. Furthermore, IgG2a is predominant and comprises approximately 50% of the antioxidized LDL IgG in sera from young mice (3 months), but decreased to lower levels (35%) in older mice (6 months). Daily administration of IL-12 led to an increase in serum levels of antioxidized LDL antibodies and accelerated atherosclerosis in young apoE-deficient mice compared with control mice injected with PBS alone. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-12 plays an active role in regulating the immune response during the early phase of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in cells of thymoma and thymic carcinoma: correlation with DNA ploidy and clinicopathologic characteristics.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counting and flow cytometric DNA analysis in the differential diagnosis of thymoma and thymic carcinoma, as well as in the differences among various stages and histologic subtypes of these tumors. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS: Paraffin-embedded blocks of 64 thymic epithelial tumors (20 noninvasive thymomas, 34 invasive thymomas, and 10 thymic carcinomas) were studied by AgNOR counting and flow cytometric DNA analysis. The thymomas were histologically classified as medullary, cortical, or mixed subtype. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Invasive thymomas had more AgNORs (-/+ SD) than noninvasive thymomas (7.93+/-2.90 vs 5.97+/-1.77; p < 0.01). The number of AgNORs of thymoma increased progressively with advances in stage (p < 0.01). Cortical thymomas had the highest number of AgNORs among the three subtypes (p < 0.05). Patients with thymoma who presented with myasthenia gravis also had a higher number of AgNORs (8.30+/-3.12 vs 6.50+/-2.03; p < 0.01). The AgNOR number did not correlate with the DNA ploidy of all specimens. CONCLUSIONS: AgNOR counting is useful in differentiating between invasive and noninvasive thymomas, and in predicting the stage of thymomas. A greater number of AgNORs was observed in patients with cortical thymoma and in those who presented with myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Expression of E-cadherin and alpha- and beta-catenins in thymoma.

Expression of the cell adhesion molecules including E-cadherin and its cytosolic binding proteins, alpha- and beta-catenins, has been widely studied in a variety of tumours, but not, to date, in thymic epithelial tumours. To observe the expression pattern of these adhesion molecules, immunohistochemical stains for E-cadherin (E-CD) and alpha- and beta-catenins were performed on 89 cases of thymoma which were classified as cortical (57 cases), mixed (18 cases), and medullary (14 cases), based on the classification of Marino and Müller-Hermelink. The majority of cortical thymomas showed diffuse and homogenous membrane immunoreactivity for these molecules (88 per cent for E-CD; 86 per cent for alpha-catenin; 91 per cent for beta-catenin) and the remaining cases showed heterogeneous immunoreactivity, whereas almost all mixed and medullary thymomas revealed decreased expression or were negative. In each histological subtype of thymoma, the expression did not correlate with invasion or with the presence of myasthenia gravis. These results indicate that the expression of E-CD and alpha- and beta-catenins is more closely associated with the histological subtypes of thymoma than with their biological behaviour.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Colocalization of iron and ceroid in human atherosclerotic lesions.

The presence of ceroid, a complex of protein associated with oxidized lipids, is commonly observed in human atherosclerotic lesions. When the human aortic walls were examined by Perls' staining, it was found that the iron deposits were evident in aortas with atherosclerosis. The extent of iron deposition was associated with the severity of the lesion. Furthermore, the iron deposits appeared to be colocalized with ceroids either extracellularly or intracellularly in foam cell-like macrophages or smooth muscle cells. Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis revealed that some of the extracellular iron aggregates were present within the ceroids. Likewise, some of the subcellular iron aggregates were found to be located near the lipid droplets or within the ceroids of foam cells. Collectively, these observations support the theory that the lipid oxidation occurring in lipid-laden cells of aortic lesions is facilitated by iron-overload in these cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Ki67 labelling index correlates with stage and histology but not significantly with prognosis in thymoma.

AIMS: There have been several cell kinetic studies of thymoma, but the effectiveness of using Ki67 antibody as a tool to measure proliferative activity in this tumour was rarely evaluated. We carried out an immuno-histochemical study using this antibody to assess the clinicopathological correlation and the prognostic significance of this technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-one cases of thymoma were collected. Double immunostaining with Ki67 and cytokeratin KL-1 antibodies was performed on paraffin sections. Ki67 labelling index (LI) was expressed as a percentage of Ki67 immunopositive nuclei by counting at least 1000 epithelial cells. The LIs were correlated with stages, histological subtypes based on both Lattes-Bernatz and Müller-Hermelink-Kirchner classifications, and length of survival. There were statistically significant differences of LIs between stage I and stage III and between stage I and stage IV tumours. Histologically, statistically significant differences were identified between predominantly epithelial thymoma and every other subtype of the Lattes-Bernatz classification and between well-differentiated thymic carcinoma and medullary or mixed thymomas of the Müller-Hermelink-Kirchner classification. Regarding the prognostic implication of Ki67 LI, although there appeared a trend that patients with tumours of higher LIs had slightly worse survival, the difference was not statistically significant in both univariate and multivariate survival analyses. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated the proliferative potential in thymoma is associated with stage and histology. However, its clinical usefulness is limited on account of the overlap of LIs and lack of prognostic significance.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding from a hepatocellular carcinoma invading the colon.

Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract due to hepatocellular carcinoma invasion is unusual. We describe a 71-year-old man who had bloody stools caused by a hepatocellular carcinoma that directly invaded the transverse colon. The diagnosis was confirmed by colonoscopy and tissue examination. Our patient is the first with lower gastrointestinal bleeding from a hepatocellular carcinoma during the natural course of the tumor.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Contribution of immunocytochemistry in routine diagnostic cytology.

The authors report the experience of applying immunocytochemistry in routine cytological examination and its contribution for diagnosis during a period of 3 yr in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan. From August 1991 to July 1994, the cytology laboratory received 5,762 non-gynecologic specimens with urine excluded. Immunocytochemistry was performed selectively in problematic cases. A total of 215 stainings including 124 epithelial markers, 50 lymphoma/leukemia markers, 22 neuroglial and choroid plexus markers, seven mesenchymal markers, six melanoma markers, and six others was performed on 145 specimens consisting of 89 effusions, 28 fine-needle aspirations, 11 cerebrospinal fluids, and 17 other specimens. Effusions were by far the most frequent specimens for immunocytochemistry and the epithelial markers were the most frequently used antibodies. The immunocytochemical results were essential in 41 specimens (28%), confirmatory in 37 (26%), and non-contributory in 67 (46%). Essential and confirmatory results occurred in 49% of effusions (44/89), 71% of fine-needle aspirations (20/28), 55% of cerebrospinal fluids (6/11), and 47% of other specimens (8/17). It is concluded that immunocytochemistry is proved to be a good aid for the final diagnosis of daily cytologic practices in which the fine-needle aspiration specimens are benefitted best.

Adenocarcinoma↗