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Biomedical subjects

C C Sant'Anna

Publications and source records attributed to C C Sant'Anna.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of a proposed diagnostic scoring system for pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazilian children.

In a case-control study to evaluate a systematic scoring system for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children, cases had gastric lavage cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and recovered after anti-tuberculosis treatment, while controls had negative cultures and recovered with non-anti-tuberculosis treatment. Radiological aspect (OR = 25.39), contact with a tuberculous adult (OR = 10.67) and tuberculin skin test > or = 10 mm (OR = 8.23) were associated with PTB diagnosis. The sensitivity of the score ranged from 58% to 89% and the specificity from 98% to 86%, with cut-offs of respectively > or = 40 or > or = 30. The scoring system may be a useful diagnostic method in areas with a high prevalence of TB.

Brazil↗
PubMed2002

Adverse effects of BCG revaccination: a report on 13 cases from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

SETTING: BCG revaccination is not used worldwide. In Brazil, it has been recommended since 1994 in children aged 6 to 14 years. Reports in the medical literature of adverse reactions due to revaccination are rare. BCG revaccination remains officially recommended by the Brazilian health authorities, based on the current epidemiological tuberculosis situation in the country. OBJECTIVE: We report 13 cases of children and adolescents with complications due to BCG revaccination. DESIGN: Case reports of patients followed up in a pneumology unit of a university pediatric hospital from May 1996 to December 2000. RESULTS: There were seven males and six females, whose ages ranged from 7-12 years. Adverse reactions occurred between 21 days and 9 months after BCG revaccination. All 13 cases had a scar from prior BCG vaccination. All cases treated received isoniazid, 10 mg/kg/day, in the morning until the end of cure. The duration of treatment varied, but all cases were successfully cured. CONCLUSION: Although adverse reactions are rare, it is important to continue monitoring them in order to learn more about them and to be able to orient health professionals to perform appropriate assessment and timely treatment when they occur.

Abscess↗
PubMed1998

[Childhood tuberculosis]

OBJECTIVE: This review paper on tuberculosis in children aims at describing the classical pathogenic findings and to discuss practical features for diagnosis, treatment and prevention, based on Brazilian official rules. METHODS: The author reviews the last 5 years literature on the subject using as sources Medline, Ministry of Health official publications and Brazilian medical publication not included in the Index Medicus, as well. RESULTS: A fluxogram is described for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and presented as a proposal for implantation in low complexity health services. Figures displaying tuberculosis treatment models proposed by the Ministry of Health are also showed. New prevention concepts introduced in the last 5 years are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis in children remains a diagnostic challenge. Treatment rules have been well defined. Prevention measures should be reinforced.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

BCG vaccination in low birth weight newborns: analysis of lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 generation and intradermal reaction to PPD.

OBJECTIVE: To study vaccinal scar formation and post-vaccinal immune response in newborns with birth weight ranging from 2000 to 2499 g vaccinated in the first week of life with intradermal bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (Moreau-Rio de Janeiro strain). METHOD: Specific immune response to PPD was assessed in 30 low birth weight newborns (mean birth weight = 2311.7 +/- 122.1 g; mean gestational age = 38.1 +/- 1.8 weeks) in comparison to 56 control infants (mean birth weight = 3198.9 +/- 267.2 g; mean gestational age = 38.5 +/- 1.2 weeks. RESULTS: Low birth weight infants have an efficient immune response to vaccinal stimulus when compared to control infants as judged by specific in vitro lymphocyte proliferation (mean SI = 9.7 +/- 12.9 vs SI = 8.8 +/- 10.0, P = 0.72) and IL-2 production (mean SI = 3.1 +/- 3.4 vs SI = 2.6 +/- 2.0, P = 0.38). Intradermal reaction to PPD was also comparable in both groups (mean induration diameter = 9.5 +/- 5.1 mm vs 9.6 +/- 5.0 mm, P = 0.94). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that low birth weight newborns show a good immune response to BCG, thus reinforcing the inclusion of such infants in regular vaccination programs with intradermal BCG.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1983

Intradermal BCG vaccination complications--analysis of 51 cases.

The authors describe 51 cases of local complications due to intradermal BCG vaccination which occurred among 117 533 children between 1974 and 1979, in the city of Niteroi (Rio de Janeiro State). The ages ranged from 0 to 16 years and the lesions observed were abscesses, enlargement of regional lymph nodes, chronic ulceration, and ulceration associated with enlarged lymph nodes. The patients were treated with isoniazid, except 2 who required surgical drainage, with favourable results in all cases.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship between serological diagnosis (ELISA) and severity of pulmonary tuberculosis in children].

Forty eight children from 0 to 13 years old were submitted to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological test with a view to detect anti PPD IgG antibodies, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and to establish the relationship between immune response and radiological gravity of pulmonary tuberculosis (mild, moderate and severe). There were 29 children with pulmonary tuberculosis and 19 children without tuberculosis. The median ELISA optical density were: 0.098 in children with primary complex (mild); 0.092 in children with pneumonic pattern (moderate) and 0.134 in children with miliary tuberculosis (severe). These data show higher positive serological test results in severe forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.0007).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary involvement in children with AIDS: clinical study and necropsy of 14 cases].

BACKGROUND: To describe clinical, laboratorial, radiological, and histopathological lung findings from necroscopy of aidetic children with pulmonary disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen children admitted at the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, and Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, between 1989 and 1996, were revised in a retrospective survey. RESULTS: Eight were males (57%). The median age was 1.2 years old (from three months to nine years). Nine children (64.4%) were younger than 24 months old. The HIV transmission was vertical in 10 (71%) children. In these cases, five mothers were contaminated from heterosexual relations. Pneumonia (n=8), oral candidiasis (n=8), and diarrhea (n=5) were the most common previous conditions. The most frequent signs and symptoms on admission were fever (n=12), respiratory distress (n=10), cough (n=10), peripheral lymphadenopathy (n=11), hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly (n=10), and malnutrition (n=9). The chest x-rays findings were condensation (n=5) and diffuse infiltrates (n=6) patterns. The microscopic lung characteristics were compatibles with pneumonia by cytomegalovirus (CMV) (n=9), bacteria (n=8), Pneumocystis carinii (n=3), Toxoplasma gondii (n=1), Hystoplasma capsulatum (n=1) and Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (n=1). The association between CMV and bacteria was observed in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: Age less than two years old, vertical transmission, inespecific clinical presentation of pneumonia, and infiltrates and condensation patterns at the x-rays were the predominant characteristics. Cytomegalovirus and bacteria were the most common etiologic agents, being their association frequent. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and pneumonia by P. carinii were not common causes of pulmonary disease.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy: a report of 3 cases]

OBJECTIVE: To drive pediatrician's attention to a syndrome wwich has as its typical clinical presentation a thoracic cage abnormality which evolves to respiratory distress and death during the first two years of life.METHODS: We describe three cases of patients with clinical and radiographic findings characteristic of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (Jeune's Syndrome): short and narrow thoracic cage and abnormal development of the ribs. A brief review of the literature on the subject is also included.RESULTS: The three patients are older then two years of age. They did not present life threatening pulmonary complication nor respiratory distress, in contrast to most of the cases reported in the literature.CONCLUSIONS: Even though the number of occurrences of this syndrome is quite low, it must be consider when conducting a differential diagnostic related to thoracic cage abnormalities. It is important to emphasize the degree of variability of the pulmonary lesions and the progress of the disease. However, most articles on the subject point to a grim outcome.

Journal Article↗