PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C C Shepard

Publications and source records attributed to C C Shepard.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

A comparison of the effectiveness of two freeze-dried BCG vaccines against Mycobacterium leprae in mice.

It has previously been shown that BCG vaccination affords mice protection against Mycobacterium leprae and most of this work was carried out using fresh liquid preparations of a strain originating from S. R. Rosenthal some years ago. In the present study, the effectiveness of the Japanese and Glaxo freeze-dried BCG vaccines was tested since such preparations would make it possible to administer vaccine of standard viability anywhere in the world, including leprosy-endemic areas. The Japanese and Glaxo vaccines, and the usual fresh liquid preparations, were administered in equivalent amounts to mice, which were then challenged with Myco. leprae. All the vaccines provided distinct protection. It was not possible, however, to say which vaccine was most effective because their optimal activities were not manifested at comparable times.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Relation of infection to tissue temperature in mice infected with Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium leprae.

Intravenous and footpad infections with Mycobacterium marinum and footpad infections with M. leprae were compared in the following mouse strains: A/He, BALB/C, CBA, C3H, C57BL, C57L, DBA, 101, and CFW. The results varied a great deal according to mouse strain used. Intravenous injection of high doses of M. marinum resulted in deaths after 28 days of 100% of strain A/He, and none of strain 101; 27 days after injection, the feet and noses of all strain CBA mice, but few of the C57BL, 101, or CFW mice, were involved. Injection of a small dose of M. marinum into the footpad produced visible disease in 5 days in all of the C57BL and 101 mice, but in not more than 60% of the A/He, DBA, and CFW mice; the average amount of swelling at 17 days varied from 4.40 mm in strain C57L to 0.92 in strain 101. After footpad injection of M. leprae, the average plateau harvests varied from 1.3 x 10(7) acid-fast bacteria in strain CBA to 6.5 x 10(5) in strain C57L. The infections in CBA mice extended from the site of inoculation throughout the foot. The temperature was measured rectally, in the footpad, and in the tail. Analysis of all the results revealed little correlation among the three types of infection. There was a strong negative correlation between the tail temperature and the death rate after intravenous injection of M. marinum, and a strong positive correlation between footpad temperature and plateau harvest of M. leprae.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

Temperature optimum of Mycobacterium leprae in mice.

Shepard, Charles C. (Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.). Temperature optimum of Mycobacterium leprae in mice. J. Bacteriol. 90:1271-1275. 1965.-Mycobacterium leprae multiplied most rapidly in foot pads of mice kept at an air temperature of 20 C. At air temperatures of 15 and 25 C, bacillary multiplication was slightly slower; at 10 and 30 C, distinctly slower; and at 4 and 35 C, no bacillary multiplication was detected. The temperature of the foot pad tissues of mice kept at an air temperature of 20 C averaged 27 to 30 C and that of mice kept at 10 and 30 C averaged about 25 and 36 C, respectively. These measurements indicate that the optimal temperature for the growth of M. leprae in mice is in the range several degrees above and below 30 C. The comparative effect of different air temperatures on the growth of M. leprae in foot pads was very similar to that found earlier for M. marinum in this site, thus indicating that the potential growth of M. leprae in vitro might have a similar optimum to M. marinum in vitro, i.e., 25 to 35 C. The optimal temperature for the growth of M. leprae appears to be the same in mice as in humans. It is pointed out that the temperature optimum of M. leprae may be a reflection of the fact that most of the bacilli being excreted into the environment, where they may reach new hosts, have multiplied in the nasal mucosa, a cool tissue.

Animals↗