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Biomedical subjects

C Cale

Publications and source records attributed to C Cale.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Improved outcome for children with disseminated adenoviral infection following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Adenovirus (AdV) infections are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), and disseminated infection is associated with high mortality, particularly in paediatric SCT. Here, we describe an approach to reduce mortality from adenoviraemia by combining prospective monitoring for the occurrence of adenoviraemia using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction method, early antiviral therapy and prompt withdrawal of immunosuppression. A total of 155 consecutive paediatric SCT procedures were prospectively monitored, of which 113 (73%) transplants involved donors other than matched siblings and 126 (83%) employed T-cell depletion. Adenoviraemia was detected in 26/155 (17%) transplants and developed exclusively in patients who had received T-cell-depleted grafts. Withdrawal of immunosuppression coupled with early antiviral therapy led to resolution of adenoviraemia in 19/26 (81%) patients with only five patients succumbing to disseminate AdV infection. Survival from adenoviraemia was associated with lymphocyte recovery to above 0.3x10(9)/l. Mortality was closely linked with the absence of lymphocyte recovery because of profound T-cell depletion of the graft with CD34+ magnetic-activated cell sorting. Mortality from disseminated AdV infection was 5/26 (19%) in this study, which is significantly lower than previously reported.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2002

Effects of pre-exercise ingestion of differing amounts of carbohydrate on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance.

Studies on the effect of the pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate on metabolism and performance have produced conflicting results, perhaps because of differences in the designs of the studies. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ingesting differing amounts of glucose pre-exercise on the glucose and insulin responses during exercise and on time-trial (TT) performance. Nine well-trained male cyclists completed four exercise trials separated by at least 3 days. At 45 min before the start of exercise subjects consumed 500 ml of a beverage containing either 0 g (PLAC), 25 g (LOW), 75 g (MED) or 200 g (HIGH) of glucose. The exercise trials consisted of 20 min of submaximal steady-state exercise (SS) at 65% of maximal power output immediately followed by a [mean (SEM)] 691 (12) kJ TT. Plasma insulin concentrations at the onset of exercise were significantly higher ( P<0.05) in MED and HIGH compared with LOW and PLAC. Plasma glucose concentration fell rapidly ( P<0.05) during SS exercise in all glucose trials, but remained steady in PLAC. No difference in plasma glucose concentration was observed between the glucose trials at any time. Hypoglycaemia (less than 3.5 mmol.l(-1)) was observed in six subjects during SS but only after ingesting glucose pre-exercise. However, there was no difference in TT performance between the four trials. The ingestion of 0, 25, 75 or 200 g of glucose 45 min before a 20 min submaximal exercise bout did not affect subsequent TT performance. In addition, mild rebound hypoglycaemia following pre-exercise glucose ingestion did not negatively affect performance.

Adult↗