Managed care, professional integrity, and ethics.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Camuñas.
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A nationwide survey of nurse executives found that they experience ethical dilemmas about a wide range of topics, that resources used to resolve dilemmas are varied and diverse, and that dilemmas are experienced in many situations. The most important factors influencing decisions that have implications were the superiors of the nurse executives and the politics within the institution. In Part 1 (JONA, July/August 1994), the method, quantitative results, and conflict based on role were discussed. In this part, the author discusses the results from the open-ended questions and the implications.
No convincing case of tardive dyskinesia has been associated with clozapine. We briefly discuss a case of clozapine-induced reversible initial dyskinesia described in the German literature, and we report a case of jaw dyskinesia in a 49-year-old female schizophrenic. The dyskinesia appeared 2 weeks after the patient started clozapine treatment, did not respond to anticholinergic medication, and has continued for more than 1 year while the patient has remained on clozapine treatment. The patient had taken haloperidol (less than or equal to 5 mg/day) for 5 weeks before starting clozapine treatment. These are the only two cases of dyskinesia associated with clozapine use that are known to us. They raise the possibility that clozapine can induce dyskinesia.
In Part I of this series, the six steps in the public relations process are discussed. They include identifying publics, conducting research, establishing goals, developing and implementing public relations strategies, and evaluating outcomes. In Part II, many of the commonly used public relations strategies and tactics are described.
Public relations is a part of marketing. It is concerned with the promotion of a positive image of organizations and individuals. In this two-part series, the authors discuss how nurse administrators, managers, intrapreneurs, and entrepreneurs can use public relations strategies and techniques to advance their careers, organizations, and the profession. Although JONA readers may be familiar with many of these strategies, nurse administrators may wish to use the series to make their entire professional nurse staff aware of the value of the public relations process when it is operationalized throughout the nursing division. Part I describes the development of public relations, its role in marketing, nursing's publics, and the steps of the public relations process. It ends with the application of this process to career development.
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of various direct mail techniques on professional nurses' response rates to questionnaires. A random sample of 700 registered professional nurses consisting of five groups who were members of New York State Nurses Association (NYSNA) were mailed a questionnaire with 22 items. The study demonstrated that the response rates were directly attributable to techniques used. Providing information about the association was related to significantly decreased response rates and monetary incentives with significantly increased response rates. A combined direct mailing for questionnaire completion and membership solicitation was not effective for either purpose.
Planned, skillful use of public relations in marketing nursing services can facilitate achievement of the nursing organization's goals and objectives. The local community, news media, bankers, local politicians, government officials, and social action groups all can take an active or reactive interest in nursing's activities. Public relations can provide an effective approach for achieving optimal results within the political and economic constraints of the current marketplace.
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Although there is research and much discussion regarding ethical issues related directly to patient care, rarely do we find discussion of ethical issues confronting the nurse executive. Using data from a nationwide survey, the author describes ethical issues nurse executives encounter in their work and identifies the facilitating and inhibiting factors that nurse executives perceive when making decisions that have ethical implications. Part 1 includes the quantitative data and role conflict; Part 2 (JONA September 1994) will present the qualitative data and implications.