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Biomedical subjects

C Carmichael

Publications and source records attributed to C Carmichael.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a Fife 'Novopen' clinic held within a diabetes patient education centre.

In common with other hospitals throughout the United Kingdom, a diabetic patient education centre has been established at the Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy. Many activities now take place within the centre including a 'Novopen' Clinic at which insulin requiring diabetic patients are converted to a multiple injection method of delivering soluble human insulin. An evaluation of the Novopen Clinic, including the first 60 patients attending, has demonstrated a statistically significant fall in random blood sugar estimations (mean fall 2.0 m.moles 1(-1), 95 per cent confidence intervals 1.5 m.moles 1(-1) to 2.5 m.moles) since conversion at the Novopen Clinic. Changes in mean daily insulin intake (mean increase of 1.6 units per day) and glycosylated haemoglobin (mean fall of 0.88 per cent) were not significant. One hundred per cent of patients surveyed described the Novopen Clinic as 'helpful' or very 'helpful'. Staff see the clinic offering significant opportunities for patient education. The estimated cost of the clinic per new patient was 147 pounds.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of crew skin flora under conditions of a full quarantine lunar-exploration mission.

Crew-members of the Apollo 14 lunar exploration mission underwent a pre-flight seclusion designed to stabilize their health by freeing them from exposure to potentially infectious agents. After the flight, the crew-members were quarantined to protect the biosphere from possible lunar contamination. These isolations, along with the complete isolation of the spaceflight itself, provided the opportunity for a skin flora survey which included the sampling of seven sites at five different times. Quantification and identification of all aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from each site were performed. The results indicated that the pre-flight quarantine measures resulted in a decrease in total numbers of isolates as well as a decrease in the anaerobes. This was followed by a continued decrease throughout the flight with a return to the pre-flight norm within 16 days after the flight. The quantitative load of aerobic bacteria increased during the flight, due largely to an increase in coryneforms and micrococcaceae. The quantitative load of anaerobic bacteria decreased before and during the flight. No instance of microbial shock or intercrew transfer of micro-organisms was demonstrated. These findings indicate that alterations in the skin flora do not pose any unusual problem during short duration space flights. Further, there are no indications that problems will arise on longer missions.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opti-Free chemical disinfectant: a safety study with various soft contact lenses.

A 6-month, Phase I clinical study evaluated Opti-Free, a new polyquaternium-1 chemical disinfectant intended for use with all types of soft contact lenses. Fifty-one patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A used the product under exaggerated conditions, with daily exposure of Durasoft 3 (55%) and Hydrocurve II (55%) medium water content, ionic lenses to 5 mL of Opti-Free for 16 hours. Beginning on day 15, group A patients began a normal daily use schedule. Patients in group B wore CSI (38%), Permalens (71%), and Softcon (55%) contact lenses and used the regimen under normal daily use conditions throughout the study. The result indicate that Opti-Free is safe and effective under both normal and exaggerated use conditions. The implications of these data for patient safety are discussed.

Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic↗