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Biomedical subjects

C Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to C Carroll.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Surgical decompression for peroneal nerve palsy after total knee arthroplasty.

Five patients were treated by operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve for peroneal nerve palsy complicating total knee arthroplasty (TKA). All patients had failed to demonstrate improvement in the peroneal nerve function despite extended conservative care. The procedure was performed five to 45 months after the index TKA. Patients were evaluated and graded preoperatively and postoperatively using the Modified Nerve Palsy Scale of Weber, Daube, and Coventry. All patients demonstrated improved nerve function. Four of five patients had full peroneal nerve recovery. All patients were able to discontinue their ankle-foot orthoses. This is a rare complication of TKA, and when conservative nonoperative measures do not lead to sufficient improvement in nerve function, consideration may be given to operative decompression of the peroneal nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Glucose and amino acid metabolism in chronic renal failure: effect of insulin and amino acids.

The effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperaminoacidemia on glucose and amino acid metabolism were examined in 16 control and 13 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients under two conditions: 1) euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and 2) amino acid infusion. All studies were performed with continuous indirect calorimetry and [1-14C]leucine infusion. In CRF patients insulin-mediated whole body glucose metabolism was reduced by 35% (4.41 +/- 0.50 vs. 6.76 +/- 0.73 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01), primarily due to a decrease in nonoxidative glucose disposal (1.70 +/- 0.70 vs. 4.32 +/- 0.60 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01); glucose oxidation was similar in both groups. In the postabsorptive state total leucine turnover (1.56 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.75 +/- 0.06), leucine oxidation (0.25 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.01), and nonoxidative leucine disposal (1.29 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.07 mumol.kg-1.min-1) were reduced in CRF vs. control subjects (all P less than 0.05). In response to hyperinsulinemia, endogenous leucine flux (index of proteolysis), leucine oxidation, nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD) (index of protein synthesis), and net leucine flux into protein were similar in CRF and control subjects. In contrast, the ability of hyperaminoacidemia to enhance NOLD (1.54 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.10 mumol.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01) and net leucine balance (0.27 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.05) was reduced in CRF patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Skin infections in Tanna, Vanuatu in 1989.

Skin infections are an important health problem in Vanuatu and other Pacific island countries. In this study, 18,223 people, representing 90% of the population of the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu, were examined. Scabies was found in 16% of those screened, with 24% of children under 10 years affected. Other skin infections were predominantly furuncles, abscesses, impetigo and cellulitis and were found in 12% overall and in 16% of children under 10 years of age. These infections were found to be more common in larger households and in the vicinity of the volcano Yasur. Strategies for prevention and management of skin infections in Vanuatu are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Yaws infection in Tanna, Vanuatu 1989.

Yaws has been resurgent in the island of Tanna in southern Vanatu in the 1980's. Screening, conducted in 1988 and in 1989 during a mass treatment program identified a total of 464 clinical cases from the population of 20,200, a rate of 23 per thousand. Most of these (82%) were under 15 years of age. Serology was performed on 286 of which 23% were VDRL positive. Primary care services had been hampered in controlling yaws by difficulties with transport, isolation, community resistance and the lack of skilled personel to diagnose yaws and arrange prophylactic treatment. A mass screening and treatment program was implemented in 1989 with 91.8% coverage. This program was designed to work in the context of primary health care and thus has enhanced the relationship between the health services and local villagers. The program was successfully integrated with other health activities including health education, treatment of other diseases and vector control.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis for treatment of chronic static and dynamic scapho-lunate instability: a 10-year perspective on pitfalls and complications.

Goals of reducing wrist pain, allowing a stable active wrist range of motion, and retarding degenerative changes make arthrodesis of the scapho-trapezio-trapezoid joint a popular treatment for chronic static and dynamic scapho-lunate instability; however, pitfalls and complications have not been well studied. Forty-seven wrists in 46 patients over a 10-year period revealed a complication rate of 52%. Failure to attain perfect scaphoid reduction consistently resulted in persistent incapacitating pain. Radial styloid-scaphoid impingement, observed after "successful" limited wrist fusion, was effectively treated by simple styloidectomy. Carpal osteomyelitis, lunate avascular necrosis, pin-tract infection, progressive medial carpal translation, and intractable pain without arthrosis complete the spectrum of complications managed in this series. Careful preoperative patient screening and attention to detailed recommendations will assist surgeons in avoiding the many potential problems associated with this procedure.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of closed articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints.

One hundred thirty-four closed articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints were reviewed to identify common fracture patterns, assess results, and define the most successful methods of treatment. Articular involvement greater than 20 per cent and displacement more than 1 to 2 mm usually requires open reduction and internal fixation. Fracture involvement and displacement were better tolerated by the MCP than PIP joint. Problem fractures and treatment recommendations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The psychophysiological nature of premature ejaculation.

The hypothesis that premature ejaculators (PEs) are less able than non-premature ejaculators (NPEs) to evaluate accurately their level of physiologically determined sexual arousal was tested. Twenty-six men (13 PEs and 13 NPEs) viewed a variety of videotaped vignettes, some of which were excerpts from sexually explicit films. Concurrent subjective (self-report) and objective (plethysmograph) ratings of sexual arousal were taken. Data revealed that both the PEs and NPEs were equally accurate in assessing their level of physiological sexual arousal. These results and those from a sexual history questionnaire were used to evaluate several hypotheses regarding the nature and etiology of premature ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Posttraumatic ulnar subluxation of the extensor tendons: a reconstructive technique.

Ulnar subluxation of the extensor digitorum communis over the metacarpal head can compromise the function of the extensor mechanism to the affected digit. Extensor displacement can be posttraumatic, developmental, congenital, or caused by arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal joint. A tendon centralizing procedure was performed on five digits in three patients who had posttraumatic ulnar subluxation of the extensors at the metacarpophalangeal joint after conservative management failed. No recurrences of subluxation have been noted in this series, and all patients have regained full range of motion.

Finger Injuries↗
PubMed1983

5-L-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate potentiates the human neutrophil degranulating action of platelet-activating factor.

Platelet-activating factor (AAGPC) and two of its structural analogues degranulated human neutrophils with respective potencies that were increased up to 100 to 1000-fold by 16 nM to 5 microM of 5-L-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (5-L-HETE). 5-rac-HETE had similar actions but 8-rac-HETE was without effect. Furthermore, 5-L-HETE did not influence the degranulating actions of C5a, A23187 or a formalated oligopeptide chemotactic factor and none of the HETEs, by themselves, caused degranulation. Thus, 5-L-HETE and AAGPC selectively interact to induce degranulation. Since these products rapidly form in stimulated PMNs, they may serve as potentiator and agonist, respectively, to transduce biological signals into cell function.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed1981

Sciatin: immunocytochemical localization of a myotrophic protein in chicken neural tissues.

A mytotrophic protein (sciatin) purified from chicken sciatic nerves has "trophic" or "maintenance" effects on cultured muscle. We have elicited a specific antiserum against purified sciatin in rabbits. Using this antiserum, we investigated the distribution of sciatin in embryonic and adult chicken tissues by an unlabeled peroxidase-an-tiperoxidase method at the light microscopic level. The antiserum stained adult chicken neural tissues in situ and cultured embryonic chick neurons. Staining was intense in the cell bodies of spinal cord neurons and the axoplasm of sciatic nerves. These was reaction product seen in the outer margins of myelin sheaths that corresponded to the Schwann cell cytoplasm. Cerebral cortical neurons were weakly stained by the antiserum. No staining was apparent in oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Nonneural tissues, such as skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver, were also unstained by the antiserum. Cultured spinal cord neurons, cerebral cortical neurons, and sensory neurons were stained immunocytochemically by the antiserum. There was no reaction product seen in the glial cells that are usually present in neuronal cultures or cultured cells from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Our results thus show that the myotrophic protein is localized in neuronal perikarya and their processes in vivo as well as in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Clinical course and outcome of thirty-five pregnancies in infertile hyperprolactinemic women.

Thirty-five pregnancies occurred during a 21-month follow-up period in 68 women (51%) who presented with infertility and hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine was used in 33 patients, of whom 25 (76%) conceived. In the remaining 35 patients who did not receive bromocriptine, there were 10 pregnancies (28%). The presence or absence of menses and galactorrhea in infertile hyperprolactinemic women treated with bromocriptine did not affect significantly the pregnancy rate. No pituitary complication occurred during pregnancy in any hyperprolactinemic patient and there was no change in sellar x-ray appearance, even in two patients whom a plain skull x-ray showed a minor sellar abnormality. Of the 35 pregnancies, 25 occurred after bromocriptine therapy, 2 after thyroxine therapy, 2 after clomiphene therapy, and 6 without any treatment. Five pregnancies ended in first-trimester abortion, including four after bromocriptine treatment. It is concluded that hyperprolactinemia is a good prognostic factor in infertility and that the majority of patients become fertile after a course of bromocriptine. No congenital abnormalities were observed in the offspring of patients treated with bromocriptine, but the abortion rate was higher than average.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Nonionic nucleic acid analogues. Synthesis and characterization of dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates.

A series of dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonate analogues, dNpN and dNpNp, which contain a nonionic 3'--5' methylphosphonyl internucleoside linkage were prepared. The two diastereoisomers, designated isomers 1 and 2, of each dimer differ in configuration of the methylphosphonate group and were separated by column chromatography. The diastereoisomers of each dimer have different conformations in solution as shown by ultraviolet hypochromicity data and their circular dichroism spectra. For example, dApA isomer 1 is more highly stacked than isomer 2, although both isomers are less stacked than the dinucleoside monophosphate, dApA. The circular dichroism spectrum of isomer 1 is very similar to that of dApA, while the CD spectrum of isomer 2 shows a loss of molecular ellipticity, [theta], at 270 nm and a greatly diminished [theta] at 250 nm. These results suggest that the stacked bases of dApA isomer 1 tend to orient in an oblique manner, while those in isomer 2 tend to orient in a parallel manner. This interpretation is verified by the 1H NMR study of these dimers (L. S. Kan, D. M. Cheng, P. S. Miller, J. Yano, and P. O. P. Ts'o, unpublished experiments). Both diastereoisomers of dAaA form 2U:1A and 2T:1A complexes with poly(U) and poly(dT), respectively. The higher Tm (Tm of poly(U)--isomer 1, 15.4 degrees C; Tm of poly(U)--isomer 2, 19.8 degrees C; Tm of poly(dT)--isomer 1, 18.7 degrees C; Tm of poly(dT)--isomer 2, 18.4 degrees C) values of these complexes vs. those of the corresponding dApA--polynucleotide complexes (Tm of poly(U)--dApA, 7.0 degrees C; Tm of poly(dT)--DApA, 9.2 degrees C) result from decreased charge repulsion between the nonionic dimer backbone and the negatively charged polymer backbone. The difference in conformations between dApA isomer 1 and dApA isomer 2 is reflected in the Tm of the isomer 1-poly(U) complex which is 4.4 degrees C lower than that of the isomer 2-poly(U) complex. Since these nonionic oligonucleotide analogues are taken up by cells in culture, they show promise as molecular probes for the function and structure of nucleic acids inside living cells.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMed1977

Influence of dietary fat on fatty livers of choline-deficient rats.

Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of type of dietary fat on nature and severity of liver lipid changes induced in male weanling rats by low choline diets. Beef tallow, a blend of tallow and safflower oil (SO) each provided 48% of total energy value of a control diet and a low choline diet. Livers from choline-deficient rats fed tallow, blend, or SO diets contained approximately 4.5, 5, and 2.5 times as much lipid, respectively, as livers from corresponding control groups. Liver lipids from rats fed SO diets as compared with those from rats fed tallow diets contained lower percentages of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and higher percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Values for groups fed blend diets were intermediate, except for 18:0 and 20:4 in the control group. Choline deficiency resulted in significant increases in proportions of the predominant fatty acid(s) of the dietary fat in liver lipids (but not in fat pad lipids) at the expense of 18:0 and 20:4. Ratios of 16:0 to 18:0 in both liver and fat pad lipids were greater in choline-deficient than in corresponding control groups, probably reflecting greater fatty acid synthesis.

Animals↗