Biomedical subjects

C Castillo

Publications and source records attributed to C Castillo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Cimetidine prevents and partially reverses CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis.

Liver injury produced by CCl4 depends on its metabolism by the liver cytochrome P450 enzyme system to a highly reactive intermediate (CCl3.). Cimetidine impairs cytochrome P450 and stimulates regenerative processes acting on DNA synthesis. This work was performed to investigate whether cimetidine may prevent CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis. Male Wistar rats were used: animals in group 1 received CCl4 (0.04 g per 100 g, i.p.) three times a week for 8 weeks; group 2 was treated with CCl4 plus cimetidine (120 mg kg-1, p.o.) three times a week for 8 weeks; group 3 received CCl4 for 8 weeks and then cimetidine for 4 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, as well as protein and bilirubin, were measured in serum; collagen and lipoperoxidation were quantified in liver. Intoxication with CCl4 increased (P < 0.05) serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GTP and ALT, and bilirubin concentration; liver collagen and lipoperoxidation were also increased. Cimetidine treatment prevented or reverted the increases in the three enzyme activities and in bilirubin content and the fall in proteins. It is worth noting that cimetidine co-treatment completely prevented both the increase in collagen content and the lipid peroxidation. The protective effect of cimetidine can be attributed to a reduction in cytochrome P450. However, it could also stimulate regenerative processes.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Partially differentiated cystic nephroblastoma].

The case of a patient with a cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) is reported. Careful histological study is essential to distinguish CPDN and other types of multicystic kidneys (specially cystic nephroma or multilocular cyst of the kidney). Because of the rare potential for aggressive behavior of this tumor, nephrectomy alone is the therapy of choice. However, its relationship with Wilm's tumor is an indication for a regular clinical follow up.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Vasodilator drugs that act by stimulating guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle].

Many exogenous and endogenous vasodilator substances produce their effects by stimulation of guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle and increasing cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. Activation of such enzyme leads to vasodilatation. Possibly as a consequence of a change in the pattern of protein phosphorylation, including dephosphorylation of the light chain myosin and of a decrease in the bioavailability of free calcium. Guanylate cyclase exists in two different forms in the vascular smooth muscle cells: a cytosolic (soluble) and the other associated to membranes (particulate). The nitro vasodilators and vasodilators with endothelium-dependent activity, act by main stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase, while the atrial natriuretic factor acts specifically on the particulate form of the enzyme. Guanylate cyclase represents the final path in the vasodilatation induced by diverse endogenous and exogenous substances, an aspect that has created a great interest among investigators due to its possible physiological, physiopathological and therapeutic implications. The more relevant aspects related with the mechanism of action of this numerous group of drugs are deeply analyzed in the present review.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A new cow's milk formula to Complementary Feeding National Program: nitrogen and caloric balance].

Nitrogen, fat and energy retention were measured in 10 male infants (mean age = 6.8 mo) recovering from marasmic malnutrition while they were fed with either cow's milk based formula (LP) or a modified cow's milk formula (LPM). Their mean weight for age ratio was 72% and their weight for length ratio was 95% (NCHS standards). They went through two consecutive balance periods of 6 days each (3 d. for adaptation and 3 d. for urine and feces collection) beginning with either formula randomly. Both formulas had 85 kcal/dl with 11% protein calories in LPM and 13% in LP. Energy intake, absorption and relative retention were slightly greater with LPM than LP. Fat intake was greater under LPM than LP (5.4 vs. 4.5 g-kg-d, p < 0.025), which resulted in significant differences in fat absorption (LPM 4.3 vs. LP 3 g-kg-d, p < 0.025). Nitrogen intake was significantly lower under LPM than LP (487 vs. 571 mg-kg-d, p < 0.025) with lower urinary nitrogen excretion for LPM than for LP (304 vs. 417 mg-kg-d, p < 0.001). Apparent nitrogen retention averaged 115 mg-kg-d for LPM and only 69 mg-kg-d for LP (NS). A significant correlation was observed between nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention: r = 0.70 (y = 0.57x -167; p < 0.05) with LPM, and r = 0.77 (y = 0.63x -291, p < 0.01) with LP. A correlation was also found between energy intake and weight gain: r = 0.55 (NS) with LPM, and r = 0.88 (y = 0.26x -26; p < 0.001) with LP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Growth, acceptance, and tolerance with a new milk formula].

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a modified cow's milk formula on growth, tolerance and acceptability, which was studied in 2,097 infants selected from those controlled in primary health centers at Santiago, Chile: 1,119 were fed a modified cow's milk formula (LPM), while an unmodified powdered cow's milk (LP) was given to 978 controls of the same age and conditions, as well as solid foods after 4 months of age. Both experimental and control groups were followed along a 4 months period for records of anthropometric data, morbidity, acceptability and tolerance for LP and LPM. We did not find significant differences in growth (values ranging 95 to 100% of NCHS standards W/A or H/A). A slightly higher energy intake and lower protein intake was observed with LPM. Gastrointestinal symptoms were infrequently seen and of similar frequency and character in both 0 to 4 month old groups (4.3% with LPM vs. 5.3% with LP at first control). These gastrointestinal signs were more frequently recorded under LPM than with LP in the 8 to 12 months old group only at first control (colics 8% vs. 4% p < 0.01 and abnormal stools 9.4% vs. 5.5% p < 0.01). Acute acceptability expressed as percentage withdrawal from study was not significantly lower with LPM than LP (5 to 15% vs. 2% N.S.). The proposed modified formula seems to be a good alternative to powdered cow's milk for infants.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Early enteral feeding of infants with lower respiratory infections].

A decrease in food intake during the acute phase of lower respiratory tract infections may affect the course of illness. To determine if enteral feeding improves the clinical course of lower respiratory infections (LRI) we studied 42 infants (2 to 12 months of age) with LRI which were given antibiotics and salbutamol therapy based on clinical and X-ray findings. On admission to the hospital patients were randomly allocated to group A (fed by nasogastric tube as intermittent bolus); group B (infants fed by continuous drip via nasogastric tube) and group C (subjects fed ad-libitum by the oral route). Feedings consisted of powdered whole cow's milk formula, reconstituted to 7.5% (W/V), with added sucrose 5% and maltodextrin 5% (77 kcal/dl). Energy intake in group A increased from 69 to 110 kcal.kg.day; in group B, from 68 to 114 kcal.kg.day, and in group C, from 55 to 109 kcal.kg.day (ANOVA, p < 0.005 for the first three days). Infants of groups A and B had shorter hospital stays than C (8.7 and 8.4 vs. 9.8 days, ANOVA, p < 0.02) and a faster improvement of respiratory failure index (4.1 and 3.8 vs. 5.5. days, p < 0.001). Groups A and B also showed greater decrease in their heart rates (mean 170 down to 134 beats/min) than group C patients (169 down to 142 beats/min), p < 0.01 at discharge from the hospital. No differences were noted in trends of respiratory rate, weight/length, albuminemia, C-reactive protein, erythro-sedimentation rate or glycemia. No adverse effects of nasogastric tube feeding were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albuterol↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutritional management of glycogenosis].

Three cases of glycogenosis are presented. They were recognized by clinical evidence and hepatic biopsy specimens. Dietary treatment with a normocaloric diet and raw corn starch every 6 hours was given. In cases 1 and 2 hepatic size returned to normal and they showed an initial catch up growth without signs of renal disease or other complications. Case 3 showed persistent hepatomegaly, normal growth pattern and no hypoglycemic episodes independently of nutritional management. These cases represent our initial experience on nutritional intervention in glycogenosis, even though enzymatic tests were not done, which are considered essential for optimal diagnosis and nutritional therapy of glycogen storage disease.

Body Height↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutritional recovery in infants with congenital heart disease and severe malnutrition using a hypercaloric diet].

Protein-energy malnutrition is commonly observed in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). The effect of a hypercaloric formula on nutritional recovery was evaluated in malnourished infants with congenital heart diseases. We retrospectively studied 30 infants (mean age 9 months, range 2 to 21) with CHD along 60 to 90 days in a closed nutritional recovery center. All patients were fed a hypercaloric whole cow's milk formula with sucrose, butter oil and corn starch (1.29 kcal.ml). Mean daily energy intake was 220 +/- 19.8 kcal.kg body weight.day. Mean weight gain was 2.7 g.kg.day. No effect of cyanosis, cardiac failure, degree of malnutrition or number of illness-free days was observed on nutritional recovery. Patients older than 9 months had significantly greater weight gain than younger infants. Those infants with worse CHD and severe intercurrent illnesses had the worst nutritional recovery. We suggest that a hypercaloric formula induces good nutritional weight gain infants with severe congenital heart disease.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Appetite and nutrition].

Physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspect of appetite are reviewed. The importance of developmental alterations originated at early infancy and lack of appropriate interactions between mother and infant in abnormalities of appetite are emphasized. The role of vitamins, minerals and appetite stimulating drugs is analyzed and major disturbances of appetite and feeding conducts are described together with some therapeutic considerations on anorexia nervosa, bulimia, pica and rumination.

Anorexia Nervosa↗

PubMedDate not supplied