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Biomedical subjects

C Caulin

Publications and source records attributed to C Caulin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevention of gastroduodenal lesions induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Economic analysis from a survey of 356 physicians].

In order to obtain information on prescribing habits concerning the prevention of gastroduodenal lesions induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAI), 356 physicians practicing in 2 French departments were asked to fill a posted questionnaire. Fifty-one percent of these doctors gave an assessable answer. Among these, 84 percent occasionally prescribe "gastric protectors" associated with NSAI's in 32 percent of the prescriptions. They use antacids (48 percent), anti-H2 products (27 percent), sucralfate (11 percent) or prostaglandins (13 percent). This represents a daily cost of additional treatment ranging from 0.87 to 2.49 francs. If fibroscopies and further consultations necessitated by the prescription of NSAI's are taken into account, then 86 to 140 percent must be added to the cost of NSAI's. The profitability of these preventive measures in terms of public health will be really estimated only when the number of severe gastroduodenal lesions effectively prevented by taking topical gastric protectors or anti-secretory agents will be known.

Antacids↗
PubMed1992

Endoscopic evaluation of the effect of ketoprofen, ibuprofen and aspirin on the gastroduodenal mucosa.

Endoscopic lesions of the gastric mucosa were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers after administration of single doses of ketoprofen (25 mg), ibuprofen (200 mg) and aspirin (500 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The grades of the lesions (according to Lanza's scale) were lower after the administration of ketoprofen than aspirin and were comparable to ibuprofen. An endoscopic score greater than 1 was observed in 3 cases after ibuprofen or ketoprofen, and in 8 cases after aspirin. At a time when low, single doses of NSAIDs are widely used as analgesics, gastroscopy makes it possible directly to assess the local aggressivity of these molecules. In this way it was possible to demonstrate that the local toxicity of NSAIDs was lower than that of aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Theophylline steady state pharmacokinetics is not altered by omeprazole.

The effect of omeprazole treatment on theophylline pharmacokinetics was studied in eight, non-smoking healthy male volunteers during repeated administration of a slow release formulation of theophylline. In a randomized double-blind cross-over study, the subjects received theophylline 5 mg.kg-1 per day with omeprazole 20 mg per day or identical placebo during two periods, each of 7 days, separated by a washout period of 7 days. The oral clearance of theophylline remained unchanged whether it was administered alone or with omeprazole (54.2 ml.min-1). The average urinary excretion of theophylline and its metabolites, 1,3 dimethyluric acid (1,3-DMU), 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) amounted to 9%, 32%, 12% and 22% of the administered dose, respectively, and no significant change occurred during concomitant treatment with omeprazole. Thus, the formation and clearance of the metabolites was not altered by omeprazole. Consequently, omeprazole in the recommended dose of 20 mg daily can safely be administered to patients on theophylline therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous noninvasive evaluation of gastric emptying and orocaecal transit times. Use in studying the actions of cisapride in diabetic patients.

The aim of the study was to use a novel combination of two methods for the simultaneous evaluation of two effects of oral cisapride in 10 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy; gastric empyting time was measured by following radio-opaque markers and orocaecal transit time by the sulphasalazine-sulphapridine method. The study was of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. It was possible to evaluate the effect of a prokinetic drug on gastric emptying and orocaecal transit times using these two noninvasive techniques at the same time. Cisapride significantly reduced both the gastric empyting (1.2 h versus 2.1 h) and orocaecal tansit (5.9 h versus 7.7 h) times.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Protection against aspirin-induced gastric lesions by lansoprazole: simultaneous evaluation of functional and morphologic responses.

The protective effect of lansoprazole, a new proton pump inhibitor, against aspirin-induced gastric lesions was studied in a double-blind crossover trial with a simultaneous measure of the functional capacities of the mucosal barrier (by a recording of the gastric potential difference) and of the morphologic changes in the mucosa (by gastric endoscopy). After 1 week of treatment with lansoprazole (30 mg per day) or placebo, each healthy volunteer received 1 gm aspirin by mouth. Recording of the gastric potential difference lasted for 3 hours and was followed by gastric endoscopy. Morphologic lesions induced by aspirin were effectively prevented by lansoprazole: Lanza score was 0.67 +/- 0.98 (mean +/- SD) versus 2.25 +/- 1.1 with placebo (p < 0.005, ANOVA). Conversely, the decrease in the gastric potential difference was similar. The inhibition of acid secretion induced by lansoprazole was therefore sufficient to prevent aspirin-induced mucosal lesions without reinforcing the defense capacities of the mucosa. This simple pharmacologic model makes it possible to simultaneously evaluate the functional and morphologic effects of aspirin intake on the gastric mucosa.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between echographic gastric emptying and appetite: influence of psyllium.

The correlation between ultrasonographic gastric emptying and appetite was studied. Echographic evaluation of gastric emptying by measurement of the antral vertical diameter and assessment of sensations of hunger and satiety using analogue visual scales were performed simultaneously in 12 healthy volunteers. Measurements were carried out after the intake of 10.8 g psyllium or placebo in a randomised, crossover, double blind trial. The correlation between echographic gastric emptying and sensations of hunger and satiety was excellent (p < 0.001) after the intake of either psyllium or placebo. Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal. It increased the sensation of satiety and decreased hunger at the sixth hour after the meal. The association between echographic measurement and visual scales is a simple method of evaluating the relationship between the stomach and appetite. The pharmacodynamic effect of psyllium should be confirmed by longterm therapeutic trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of psychological stress on gastric potential difference in man.

This study investigated the effect of three different mental stress tests on gastric transmucosal electric potential difference (GPD). GPD measurement was carried out in six healthy volunteers using the agar-KCl bridges method during dichotomous listening, the ringing of a telephone and 90 dB noise. Cardiac, pulmonary and psychological responses to stress were evaluated at the same time. During the stress period, two of the subjects had no change in GPD as well as no extragastric modification due to the stressor. The four other volunteers had a significant stress-induced fall in GPD (12.5 + 5.6 mV) with a simultaneous acceleration of heart and respiration rates and an increase in systolic blood pressure and anxiety feelings which were evaluated on a visual scale. Such mental stress, possibly mediated by autonomous nervous system, may cause some gastric mucosa changes inducing the retrodiffusion of H+ ions and a fall in GPD. This model could be useful in therapeutic research into the prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastric lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Protective effect of misoprostol on the changes of transgastric potential difference induced by aspirin in man].

The measurement of transgastric electric potential difference (DDP) is an easy and reproducible method for evaluation of the gastrotoxicity of aspirin. This randomised crossover placebo-controlled trial in 12 healthy volunteers involved study of the protective effect of misoprostol (Cytotec) against the fall in DDP induced by a gram of aspirin. One day of treatment with misoprostol 200 micrograms morning and evening led to a statistically lower fall in DDP than with the placebo: area under the curve 130 +/- 315 mV.min cf. 589 +/- 465 mV.min (p = 0.012), maximum variation 11.4 +/- 11.3 mV cf. 24.9 +/- 13.2 mV (p = 0.04). This result independent of the antisecretory action of the compound, confirms the protective effect of this prostaglandin analogue against the gastric damage caused by aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in indocyanine green kinetics after the administration of enalapril to healthy subjects.

Enalapril maleate, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, is a vasodilator liable to modify regional blood flow. The effects of an oral dose of 40 mg enalapril maleate on indocyanine green (ICG) kinetics were assessed in nine healthy subjects. At 4 h after the administration of the drug, a 35% decrease in ICG clearance was observed (P less than 0.01) associated with a 23% decrease in its volume of distribution (P less than 0.02). The half-life of ICG was not altered significantly by enalapril. These results suggest that the administration of enalapril maleate to healthy subjects may reduce apparent liver plasma flow and plasma volume, as a consequence of the pooling of blood in the hepatosplanchnic area.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Disturbances in the cerebral perfusion of human immune deficiency virus-1 seropositive asymptomatic subjects: a quantitative tomography study of 18 cases.

Quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by xenon-133 (133Xe) tomography, together with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), psychometric tests, and laboratory analyses were performed on 18 human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) seropositive asymptomatic subjects. Abnormalities of cerebral perfusion were observed in 16 cases (88%). These abnormalities were particularly frequent in the frontal regions (77% of cases). MRI demonstrated leucoencephalopathy in only two cases. EEG showed only induced diffuse abnormalities in two cases. Psychometric tests showed restricted moderate disturbances in 55% of patients. These disturbances mostly concerned those sectors involved in cognitive functions and memorization. These results indicate that quantitative measurements of CBF by 133Xe-SPECT is capable of detecting abnormalities of cerebral perfusion at a very early stage (Phase II) of HIV-1 infection. These abnormalities are indications of disturbances resulting from unidentified metabolic or vascular lesions. This technique appears to be superior to MRI at this stage of the disease's development. It could provide objective information leading to earlier treatment, and prove useful in evaluating potential antiviral chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of dimethicone to reduce the fall in gastric potential difference induced by bile salts.

The gastric potential difference (PD) was measured in ten healthy volunteers after sodium taurocholate intake. This bile salt was given after treatment with dimethicone or placebo in a cross-over design study. With dimethicone the fall in PD was lower (16.1 vs. 24.8 mV,) and shorter (32.5 vs. 51.0 min) than with the placebo. Our result suggests that the silicone can prevent the formation of the gastric lesions induced by bile salts.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Persistent gastric-protective effect of antacid evaluated by measurement of transmucosal gastric potential difference.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 1 week of antacid dosing on the aspirin-induced potential differences (PDs) across the gastric mucosa. The study design was double blind and randomized with crossover. Ten healthy subjects received aluminum hydroxide gel, 8 gm t.i.d., or placebo for 1 week. They then received 1 gm aspirin after an overnight fast and the PD across the mucosa was measured. Baseline potentials were the same before both treatment periods. Antacids reduced the aspirin-induced PDs. The mean (+/- SD) maximal PD was 27.4 +/- 1.7 mV with placebo vs. 10.7 +/- 2.2 mV with antacids (p less than 0.001). Recovery time was 65.5 +/- 5.2 minutes with placebo vs. 29.0 +/- 6.7 minutes with antacids (p less than 0.001). These results suggest the effect is due to a longer-term cytoprotective property of antacids rather than to acid-neutralizing activity.

Adult↗