Biomedical subjects

C Chambon-Savanovitch

Publications and source records attributed to C Chambon-Savanovitch.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

A pancreatic extract-enriched diet improves the nutritional status of aged rats.

Correction of the malnourished state, particularly common and severe in elderly people, is often unsuccessful. To improve the efficiency of realimentation, we evaluated the nutritional effect of a pancreatic extract (PE)-enriched diet in malnourished aged rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups as follows: 1 group of control rats had free access to the diet for 12 wk (C group) and 5 groups were 50% food restricted for the same period. One food-restricted group was then killed (R group) and the 4 remaining groups were refed for 1 wk using a standard diet enriched either with two different doses of a pancreatic extract (2.4 or 4.8 g/d in PE1 and PE2 groups, respectively) or with an isonitrogenous casein hydrolysate (CH1 and CH2 groups, respectively). Profound alterations induced by food restriction (FR) were moderately corrected by refeeding, except nitrogen balance, which was reestablished in rats refed all diets (P: < 0.01 vs. R). Supplementation of the food ration with a pancreatic extract clearly improved recovery. Indeed, body weight gain, both jejunal and ileal trophicity [jejunum: total height, PE2: 849 +/- 45 microm vs. CH2: 768 +/- 17 microm (P: < 0.05); protein content, PE2: 69.9 +/- 5.7 mg vs. CH2: 56.4 +/- 4.8 mg (P: < 0.01)] and nonspecific immune response in terms of H2O2 production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages (PE2, 20.7 +/- 4.7 vs. CH2, 8.7 +/- 2.3, P: < 0.05) were improved in rats fed PE2. A pancreatic extract could improve the efficiency of realimentation in malnourished aged rats.

Aging↗

PubMed2001

[Required procedure for nominal data files processing in biomedical research].

To date, biomedical research using nominal data files for the data collection, data acquisition or data processing has had to comply with 2 French laws (Law of December, 20, 1988, modified, relating to the protection of patients participating in biomedical research, and the Law of January, 6, 1978, completed by the Law of July 1, 1994 n degrees 94-548, chapter V bis). This later law dictates rules not only for the establishment of nominal data files, but also confer individual rights to filed persons. These regulations concern epidemiological research, clinical trials, drug watch studies and economic health research. In this note, we describe the obligations and specific general and simplified procedure required for conducting biomedical research. Included in the requirements are an information and authorization procedure with the local and national consultative committees on data processing in biomedical research (CCTIRS, Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement de l'Information en Recherche Biomédicale, and CNIL, Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2000

Aging: a barrier to renutrition? Nutritional and immunologic evidence in rats.

BACKGROUND: Previous reports suggest that correcting the malnourished state is more difficult in elderly people than in younger ones and that protein requirements may be higher in elderly than in younger adults. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish whether malnourished old rats respond to protein-supplemented nutritional repletion as do young adult rats. DESIGN: Adult (3 mo old) and old (22 mo old) rats were submitted to dietary restriction programs that induced similar metabolic and nutritional alterations. Malnourished adult and old rats were then killed (R groups) or refed for 1 wk with a high-protein diet (HPD; 23% protein) or a very-high-protein diet (VHPD; 27% protein). Control groups at both ages were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment. Effects of food repletion were evaluated in terms of protein metabolism, intestinal histomorphometry, and nonspecific immune status. RESULTS: In adult rats, HPD sufficed to increase body weight and restore basal values of liver weight and protein content (P: < 0.01 compared with the R adult group), nitrogen balance (P: < 0.01 compared with the R adult group), and hydrogen peroxide production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes (P: < 0.01 compared with the R group); VHPD had no supplementary effect except on nitrogen balance. In old rats, HPD was less effective and greater benefit was observed with VHPD in terms of body weight gain (10%; P: < 0.01 compared with the old group fed HPD), albuminemia, muscle weight and protein content, plasma arginine concentration, and hydrogen peroxide production by stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes compared with the old R group (P: < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Aging is a significant variable affecting the response to nutritional support.

Aging↗

PubMed1999

Can a glutamate-enriched diet counteract glutamine depletion in endotoxemic rats?

The study evaluated whether a glutamate-enriched diet would restore glutamine tissue pools and maintain tissue trophicity in endotoxemic rats. For this purpose, young male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli at 3 mg/kg body weight. After 24 hours of food deprivation, the rats were enterally refed for 48 hours using Osmolite enriched with glutamate at 4 g/kg/d (LPS-Glu group, n = 7) or glycine isonitrogenous to glutamate (LPS-Gly group, n = 7). A control group (healthy group, n = 7) had free access to a standard rodent diet. Tissue weights and protein contents were significantly lower in both LPS-treated groups than in the healthy group. No plasma or tissue accumulation of glutamate was observed except in the liver. Glutamine concentrations were increased in the jejunum, liver, and plasma in the LPS-Glu group versus the other two groups (P < 0.05). Conversely, they were depleted in muscles of the endotoxemic groups versus the healthy group (P < 0.05). Villus height was significantly greater in the LPS-Glu group than in the LPS-Gly group in the jejunum (P < 0.05), but not in the ileum. In conclusion, a glutamate-enriched diet administered enterally to endotoxemic rats can counteract glutamine depletion in the splanchnic area but not in muscles. In addition, glutamate displayed a trophic effect restricted to the jejunum.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

Severe dietary restriction initiated in aged rats: evidence for poor adaptation in terms of protein metabolism and intestinal functions.

BACKGROUND: Protein energy malnutrition is a common finding in elderly people, increasing morbidity and mortality in aged inpatients. Investigations need to be developed to counteract malnutrition-induced alterations early and to avoid potential irreversible lesions. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate time-response to severe dietary restriction (DR) initiated in aged rats in terms of protein metabolism and digestive trophicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After the acclimatization period, 22-month-old male rats were randomized into six groups: three control groups, fed ad libitum for 3, 6 or 12 weeks with a standard diet and three corresponding dietary-restricted groups fed for the same periods with only 50% of the spontaneous intake. Intestinal mucosa, liver and skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscle) were removed when the rats were killed. RESULTS: DR induced dramatic body weight loss (up to 50% of initial body weight after 12 weeks DR). Protein metabolism was affected in terms of nitrogen balance (P < 0.01) and protein content, in particular at the splanchnic level. Morphometrically, the intestine structure was altered after 12 weeks of DR (P < 0.01), and this atrophy was correlated with malabsorption of mannitol (P < 0. 01). Ileal hydrolase activities were decreased throughout the 12 weeks of DR. CONCLUSIONS: Aged rats clearly exhibit a defect of adaptation to long-term DR initiated at an advanced age. Severe DR leads to malnutrition, which becomes of major importance after 12 weeks, in particular at the intestine level. Hence, application of these experimental results to elderly, malnourished people may contribute to a better knowledge of denutrition-induced disorders.

Aging↗

PubMed1999

Comparative study of glycine, alanine or casein as inert nitrogen sources in endotoxemic rats.

Pharmacological effects of dietary amino acids (AA) and peptides must be compared to an isonitrogenous control that is as inert as possible. To establish a rationale for the choice of such a control, potential metabolic and nutritional effects of three currently used nitrogenous controls (glycine, alanine, and casein) were evaluated in an endotoxemic rat model that has well-defined alterations in AA and protein metabolism. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (113 +/- 1 g) were randomly assigned to four groups and received at d 0 an intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (3 mg/kg). After withdrawal of food for 24 h, the rats were enterally refed for 48 h with a liquid diet (Osmolite((R))) supplemented with 0.19 g N. kg(-1). d(-1) in the form of glycine [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-GLY group], alanine (LPS-ALA group) or casein (LPS-CAS group). One group (LPS group) received only Osmolite((R)). Plasma, two skeletal muscles, the liver and the intestine were then removed. Body and tissue weights and tissue protein contents did not differ among the four groups. Intestine histomorphometry showed no significant difference among groups. Jejunal hydrolase activities were significantly affected by the nitrogenous supplementations, but no effect was observed in the ileum. Only limited significant effects were observed on plasma and tissue-free AA concentrations, except for an accumulation of glycine in the plasma and tissues from the LPS-GLY group, compared to other groups. Overall, whereas glycine as a nitrogenous control should be used with care, either alanine or casein may be used as the "placebo," with the choice depending on the study to be performed.

Alanine↗