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C Clavel

Publications and source records attributed to C Clavel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Hybrid Capture II-based human papillomavirus detection, a sensitive test to detect in routine high-grade cervical lesions: a preliminary study on 1518 women.

Hybrid Capture II (HC-II) is a commercial human papillomavirus (HPV) detection test designed to detect 18 HPV types divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. We have tested 1647 scrapes from 1518 unselected women attending routine cytological screening by this assay for the detection of histologically proven high-grade lesions. The reliability of this test was also evaluated on 117 fresh cone biopsy samples. HPV DNA has been detected in 400 scrapes (24.3%), 296 containing a high-risk HPV (18.0%). All the smears evocative of high-grade lesions were positive for high-risk HPV, and high-risk HPV were detected in all the 34 cases presenting a histologically proven high-grade lesion and in 68 (97.1%) of the 70 cone biopsy samples showing a high-grade lesion or an invasive carcinoma. Thus, the sensitivity was superior to the sensitivity of cytology (85.3%). Nevertheless, the quantitative approach provided by the HC-II assay for the assessment of the viral load could not clearly distinguish among cases with or without high-grade lesions. Thus this assay is recommended for the screening of high-grade lesions on a large scale, in association with classic cytology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Sex-dependent association of a genetic polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and macrovascular pathology in type II diabetic patients.

Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) is a key regulating factor of lipid metabolism, and the polymorphism of its gene may be a candidate for modulating the lipid parameters in type 2 diabetic subjects. In a group of 406 type 2 diabetic patients aged 59.5 +/- 10.8 y, with a body mass index of 28.9 +/- 5.3 kg/m2 and HbA1c = 8.2 +/- 1.9%, we studied the B polymorphism at the CETP locus detectable with the restriction enzyme TaqI. Patients were separated into groups, 231 males (78 B1B1, 108 B1B2, 45 B2B2) and 175 females (48 B1B1, 94 B1B2, 33 B2B2), and compared on the basis of their lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA1 ApoB, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), their micro and macrovascular complications. HDL-C was significantly higher in man with the B2B2 genotype (respectively, 1.31 +/- 0.44 mmol/L vs. 1.13 +/- 0.32 mmol/L, P < 0.05), together with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease (9 vs. 25% for B1B1 and B1B2 together). Women displayed a higher HDL-C than men and a equally high incidence of coronary heart disease in B2 homozygotes as in other genotypes (26 vs. 27%). Thus, in type 2 diabetic patients, Taq1b polymorphism seems to exert a modulating role in males only. This may contribute to the loss of macrovascular protection in type 2 diabetic females.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Oncogenic mucosal human papillomaviruses in Bowen's disease of the hands].

INTRODUCTION: The association between genital Bowen Disease (BD) and human papillomavirus (HPV) especially HPV-16 infection is well known, but it is more rarely related to extragenital BD. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of oncogenic HPV infection in the BD of the hands considering the histology and the presence of oncogenic HPV detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of BD of the hands were selected. We looked for koilocytosis using standard histological procedure. ISH was performed using genomic HPV DNA probes types 16, 18 and 33 labeled with digoxigenin. Next, with a new amplification system using biotinyled tyramide (Kit Dako Gen Point K620) was used to detect hybrids. Otherwise, Baay's HPV type specific primers (type 16, 18, 31 et 33) were chosen for PCR. RESULTS: Koilocytosis were observed in all cutaneous samples. HPV 16 was detected in 9/11 cases (82 p. 100): 2/10 with ISH and 9/11 with PCR. DISCUSSION: We report here the largest series of BD of the hands, associated with HPV type 16 infection. This high rate (82 p. 100) compared to the other series is linked to the high sensitivity of PCR and is increased by the choice of Baay's oligonucleotide primers. Besides, the low HPV rate (2/10) by ISH, is similar to those obtained in the other series. Although ISH is less sensitive than PCR, the morphological study was useful to argue the pathogenicity of HPV. Finally, the high prevalence of genital oncogenic HPV on the hands, plaid in the scratching hypothesis resulting in autoinoculation from HPV lesions in the genital region.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Squamous cell carcinomas after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia: further evidence of a multistep process.

BACKGROUND: Secondary solid tumors are rare events occurring in patients who underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and Fanconi's anemia. Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human papillomaviruses (HPV) sequences have been found in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurring in organ transplant recipients. The tumor suppressor gene p53 has been strongly linked to the occurrence of SCC in the nonimmunocompromised population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In eight patients with SCC, we searched for HHV8, EBV, varicella zoster virus, adenovirus, and HPV sequences from DNA extracted from selected areas of SCC. We also looked for p53 expression in those specimens as well as the presence of anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of these patients at the onset of SCC. RESULTS: In one patient, we found the presence of both HHV8 and EBV sequences, and in another patient we found HPV16 sequences. All five tumors that could be studied disclosed evidence of p53 accumulation, but none of the eight patients had anti-p53 antibodies in the sera. CONCLUSION: SCC developing in marrow transplant recipients seems to occur via a multistep process. Genetic predisposition may be present, as in patients with Fanconi's anemia. Transplantation-related factors, such as irradiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease, also have a role. In this article, we add two more potent risk factors: p53 alteration(s) and in some cases the presence of oncogenic viruses.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1998

Comparative analysis of human papillomavirus detection by hybrid capture assay and routine cytologic screening to detect high-grade cervical lesions.

A commercial HPV detection test, Hybrid Capture (HC), designed to detect 14 HPV types divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, has been evaluated. A total of 1064 scrapes from 1028 unselected women attending routine cytologic screening were tested and results were compared with those of classic cytologic screening and cervical biopsies. The reliability of the test was also evaluated on 38 fresh conization samples. HPV DNA was detected in 108 women (10.5%), including 90 infected by a high-risk HPV (8.8%); 25 high-grade lesions were detected histologically, and high-risk HPV was found in 16 of these 25 women (64%), and in 27 (71%) of the 38 conization samples. The overall sensitivity of HC in detecting high-grade SIL on cervical scrapes and conization samples was 71.2%, while its positive predictive value was 17.8%. Classic cytologic screening appeared to be the most sensitive method (84%) for detecting high-grade SIL, with a positive predictive value of 91.3%. The lower sensitivity of HC limits its use for screening high-grade lesions on a large scale, even though it may be useful for reducing cytologically false-negative results. Moreover, the quantitative approach provided by the HC assay for assessment of the viral load cannot clearly distinguish among cases with or without high-grade lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Decreased number of nucleolar organizing regions in collagen lattice cultured fibroblasts.

Dermal fibroblasts cultivated in tridimensional matrices (lattices) of collagen exhibit a very low metabolic activity, and a low protein synthesis in particular. We have previously shown that ribosomal RNA content and half-life were decreased in collagen lattice cultured fibroblasts when compared to monolayer cultured fibroblasts. In this study, we seeded fibroblasts in collagen lattices and investigated the influence of matrix on the number of nucleolar organizing regions. We found that fibroblasts in fully retracted lattices exhibited a significant decrease of 45% (P < 0.001) in the number of nucleolar organizing regions when compared to monolayer cultured fibroblasts. This decrease was correlated to the decrease in ribosomal RNA content. These data suggest that extracellular matrix induces early alterations of synthesis and/or processing of ribosomal RNAs, explaining, at least partly, the resulting low metabolic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

DNA-EIA to detect high and low risk HPV genotypes in cervical lesions with E6/E7 primer mediated multiplex PCR.

BACKGROUND: Oncogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in premalignant and malignant uterine cervical diseases is mainly induced by E6/E7 open reading frame (ORF). The presence of an oncogenic HPV DNA may be a diagnostic marker for the detection of cytologically negative smears. AIMS: To evaluate an original polymerase chain reaction enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) for the detection and typing of oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV types. METHODS: The test was an original multiplex labelled PCR-EIA for the detection and typing of oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV using three consensus sequence primers within the oncogenic E6/E7 ORF. One primer was dinitrophenyl (DNP) labelled and the DNP labelled amplimers could be further hybridised with specific biotinylated oligoprobes mixed in only two cocktails: oncogenic (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58) and non-oncogenic (6 and 11) HPV types in only two wells; then biotinylated oligoprobes were deposited in streptavidin-coated microplates. The PCR-EIA was validated on HPV plasmids (types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 35, 52, and 58) and used to evaluate cervical scrapes from 181 patients (median age 32 years) at high risk for cervical cancer. RESULTS: HPV were detected in the cervical scrapes of 88 of 181 patients (48.6%); nine with non-oncogenic HPV (5.0%) and 79 with oncogenic HPV (43.6%) including 29 coinfections with oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV. The number of oncogenic HPV infections increased with the presence of high grade lesions: 95.8% of the cervical scrapes from patients with high grade lesions contained oncogenic HPV compared with 32.1% of the specimens from patients without any lesions detectable by colposcopy and/or by cytological examination of the cervical smears. Moreover, 60% of cervical scrapes exhibiting low grade lesions contained oncogenic HPV. CONCLUSIONS: This test is simple, specific, sensitive, safe, fast, reproducible, and easy to use in routine practice. Thus, it is possible to detect simultaneously on a simple cervical scrape, two kinds of HPV--oncogenic and non-oncogenic--in just two microplate wells with non-isotopic oligoprobes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Hybrid capture II, a new sensitive test for human papillomavirus detection. Comparison with hybrid capture I and PCR results in cervical lesions.

AIM: To test a new assay for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, hybrid capture II (HC II), compared with the previous commercialized hybrid capture I (HC I) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results on cervical scrapes from fresh cone excision biopsy samples. METHODS: The three methods were used on cervical scrapes from 42 fresh cone excision biopsy samples. There were nine metaplastic and inflammatory lesions, five low grade lesions, and 28 high grade lesions. PCR was performed using the general primers GP5+/GP6+. The viral load of high risk HPV DNA was estimated by the ratio of relative light units to positive control values in the samples. RESULTS: The sensitivity of HC I for the detection of high grade lesions was 71.4%, while it was 92.8% for HC II and 96.4% for the PCR. Considering only the absence of detectable cervical in situ neoplasia, the specificity was 88.9% for HC I, 66.7% for HC II, and 66.7% for PCR. With HC II, for a ratio of cervical sample to normal control of > 200, the sensitivity for the detection of high grade lesion was only 34.6% with a specificity of 66.7%. CONCLUSIONS: HPV detection with the HC II assay is more sensitive than the previous HC I and represents a more convenient and easier test than PCR for routine use. Nevertheless the viral load estimated with this test cannot be a reliable predictive indicator of high grade lesions.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1997

Simultaneous effects of aneuploidy and oncogenic human papillomavirus on histological grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ploidy and oncogenic human papillomavirus types can be correlated with the histological grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the same tissue sections. DESIGN: Histological data were obtained from 292 dysplastic lesions of the cervix and classified according to the CIN and the Bethesda terminologies. The samples were analysed using Feulgen-stained image analysis cytometry for ploidy and Human papillomaviruses DNA typing by in situ hybridisation, respectively. SETTING: Colposcopy Clinic at Alfred Fournier Institute, Paris. POPULATION: Three hundred and forty women referred for an abnormal cervical smear. RESULTS: The ploidy data strongly segregate high grade from low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (aneuploidy 78% versus 21%; P < 0.0001). There was a significant association between aneuploidy and the severity of the lesions (94% for CIN 3, 55% for CIN 2 and 14% for CIN 1; P < 0.0001). Both classifications showed a significant association of histological grade with oncogenic human papillomavirus types (HPV 16-18-33; 20% in low grade and 78% in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 31% and 75% in CIN 1 and CIN 3, respectively; P < 0.0001). The simultaneous effects of these viruses and ploidy demonstrate an association in aneuploid cells between the presence of oncogenic human papillomavirus types and histological grade (76% and 18% in high and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, respectively; P < 0.0001). Such an association was not observed in diploid cells (20% in both low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions). CONCLUSIONS: High risk human papillomavirus types do not exert and an independent effect on the histological grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

Pemphigus foliaceus.

Pemphigus foliaceus is a skin disease in which antibodies against the cell surface of keratinocytes destroy the adhesion between epidermal cells, thereby producing blisters. It is a rare disease in childhood, and treatment guidelines for juvenile pemphigus foliaceus are lacking. An 8 year old boy with pemphigus foliaceus is described. He did not respond to topical steroids, and the condition flared up when high dose oral steroids were tapered. The lesions resolved completely in four weeks on dapsone, which was maintained for nine months with no major adverse effects, except for a moderate increase of the methaemoglobin concentration at the outset of treatment. There has been no evidence of disease reactivation in more than nine months of follow up since dapsone withdrawal.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Revisited physicochemical and transport properties of respiratory mucus in genotyped cystic fibrosis patients.

We investigated the physicochemical and transport properties of sputum samples collected in physiotherapy from a well-documented group of 27 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with identified CF genotypes. Sputum samples were characterized ex vivo for their water content, surface properties (surface tension and contact angle), rheologic properties (viscosity and elastic modulus), and transport properties (mucociliary and cough transport). These data were analyzed in relation to the clinical status of the patients (FEV1, FVC, Shwachman score, Brasfield score, nutritional status), their genotype, and the degree of infection of their sputa (leukocyte and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts). We observed negative and significant correlations between mucociliary transport and elastic modulus of the patients' sputum (r = -0.63, p < 0.01), and between the cough transport and contact angle of the sputum (r = -0.81, p < 0.0001), respectively. The P. aeruginosa count was also significantly correlated with the sputum water content (r = -0.53, p < 0.02) as well as with the cough transport of the sputum (r = -0.62, p < 0.01). In CF patients with a sputum leukocyte count > 2,000/mm3, the sputum water content (p < 0.02), FEV1 (p < 0.05) and FVC (p < 0.02) were significantly lower than those of CF patients with a leukocyte count < or = 2,000/mm3. CF patients with a homozygous delta F 508 genotype had significantly greater values of sputum water content (p < 0.05), and cough-transport capacity (p < 0.05) than did heterozygous patients. No correlation was observed between the sputum properties and any of the clinical data. These results suggest that the control of infection should be emphasized in CF, since it can directly or indirectly modulate the degree of hydration, and therefore the physicochemical and transport properties, of airway secretions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide on sperm functions.

Male infertility can be related to defects in motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, binding and penetration of the zona pellucida. While different in-vitro techniques (such as micromanipulation which is complicated and expensive) are available for the treatment of male infertility, several pharmacological agents have been shown to increase fertilizing capacity under accurate experimental conditions. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, the mammalian homologue of the amphibian skin peptide bombesin) is present in the reproductive tract and expressed by the pregnant ovine endometrium prior to attachment and throughout the pregnancy. A bombesin-like peptide resulting from alternate splicing of the GRP gene in testis has been detected in primates. In this study, we have tested the ability of GRP to enhance human sperm functions such as motility, capacitation, zona binding and acrosome reaction. Analysis of sperm motility was performed with the ATS 20 computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system. Zona binding was analysed using intact human unfertilized oocytes and selective labelling of spermatozoa with two fluorochromes. Our results did not show any positive effect of GRP on these parameters under our experimental conditions. However, when GRP at the concentration of 100 nM was added after ionophore treatment, the percentage of reacted cells increased. significantly (P < 0.05) compared with situations where each agent was used alone. This led us to suppose that the role of bombesin in the different stages of fertilization might not exclude other unknown factors.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1996

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses and ploidy in cervical lesions.

AIM: To compare ploidy measurements obtained on tissue sections of selected low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions containing oncogenic HPV (types 16, 18 or 33) detected by in situ hybridisation (ISH) or PCR. METHODS: DNA ploidy was assessed by image cytometry after Feulgen staining of contiguous serial sections of eight lesions exhibiting atypical squamous cells or squamous atypia and 53 low and 63 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in which HPV had been detected by ISH or PCR. RESULTS: Aneuploidy was strongly associated with the presence of oncogenic HPV, being detected in 50% of lesions with squamous atypia and 75.5% of the low and 95.2% of the high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The multiploid profile was highly associated with high grade lesions and with the pattern of HPV DNA integration. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of aneuploidy is strongly suggestive of the presence of oncogenic HPV types. Combining the detection of HPV by ISH and PCR with DNA image cytometry may provide the pathologist and the physician with important prognostic information about low grade lesions, especially when these lesions have a multiploid DNA profile and contain oncogenic HPV.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Expression of interleukin-4 in scleroderma skin specimens and scleroderma fibroblast cultures. Potential role in fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is a fibrotic disease characterized by an uncontrolled tissular accumulation of collagen. Several cytokines have been implicated in the fibroblast activation leading to fibrosis. For instance, we have previously demonstrated that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent activator of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures. In this study, using immunocytochemical methods and in situ hybridization, we investigated the expression of IL-4 in normal and scleroderma skin and fibroblast cultures. OBSERVATIONS: Immunocytochemical studies with anti-IL-4 antibody were performed on biopsy specimens from 9 patients with normal skin and 11 patients with scleroderma. The label was intense or strong in 8 of the 11 scleroderma skin specimens, whereas it was negative or faint in 8 of the 9 normal skin specimens (P < .01). In situ hybridization demonstrated a significant increase of the number of IL-4 messenger RNA grains in scleroderma skin compared with normal skin (3.1 +/- 1.5 [mean +/- SD] vs 0.8 +/- 0.7; P < .001). A strongly positive labeling with the anti-IL-4 antibody was found in the 4 scleroderma fibroblast cultures, whereas it was negative in the 5 fibroblast control cultures (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that IL-4 is strongly expressed in the dermis of a large majority of patients with scleroderma and might be synthesized by scleroderma fibroblasts. We suggest that IL-4 is one of the cytokines implicated in the early steps of the fibrotic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Epidemiologic study of the cystic fibrosis gene in the Champagne-Ardenne region].

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disorder among Caucasians and is caused by abnormalities in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). CFTR gene encodes a chloride channel that regulates secretion in many exocrine tissues especially pancreatic and pulmonary tissues. The clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis is highly variable with isolated CAVD (congenital absence of vas deferens) and/or typical pancreatic and pulmonary manifestations. Over 500 mutations in the CFTR gene have been described and vary among different geographic locations. The severity of clinical manifestations and specially the pulmonary disease is poorly correlated with genotype. It is interesting to collect clinical and genetical data by analysing a larger cohort of CF patients. These results are likely to improve our understanding of the physiopathology of CF and the genetic counselling; particular biochemical defect could lead to more specific treatments in the future. From our 110 patients selected in Champagne-Ardenne country, we analysed the entire coding sequence of CFTR gene and detected 95% of CF mutations and in fact, 89.5% if we include the CAVD patients; 59.4% of CF mutations were detected for these patients. Three new mutations have been here reported. We found numerous CF mutations with a large distribution throughout the gene. Nevertheless, three exons are mainly involved: 10, 11 and 21. Relationships between the genotype and phenotype are difficult to assess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Rapid and safe determination of human apolipoprotein E genotypes by miniaturised SDS-PAGE in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: To present a non-isotopic procedure for the analysis of the different apolipoprotein E genotypes in normal subjects and patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Apolipoprotein E genotypes were detected following polymerase chain reaction and miniaturised sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (PhastSystem Pharmacia). RESULTS: The time taken from extraction of DNA from 6 microliters whole blood to the final result was eight hours. The allele frequencies in patients with diabetes mellitus in our series were similar to those found in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: SDS-PAGE is rapid, reliable and safe with few drawbacks, can be used as a routine procedure and may easily replace apolipoprotein E phenotyping.

Adult↗