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Biomedical subjects

C Clay

Publications and source records attributed to C Clay.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of AIDS counseling and risk reduction training on the chronic mentally ill.

The chronic mentally ill are a high-risk group for HIV infection. In this study 27 chronic mentally ill psychiatric outpatients were randomly assigned to either an AIDS education and risk reduction training group or to a no-treatment control group. Training was conducted during four 2-hour group meetings that were scheduled over 4 days. Treated patients were instructed on modes of HIV transmission and high-risk groups and practices. They were instructed on the importance of using condoms and also taught problem-solving and refusal skills to cope with high-risk sexual and drug and alcohol situations. Assessments were made immediately before and after training as well as during a 2-week follow-up. Participants who received training showed significant improvement in their knowledge about AIDS, their confidence to deal with high-risk situations, and on behavioral measures of coping in high-risk situations. No such improvement was noted in the control group. There was also evidence of maintenance over the 2-week follow-up. Although the magnitude of change was small, the results of the study are encouraging considering the brevity of treatment, the high degree of risk and difficulty faced with this patient population, and the fact that even a small amount of behavior change can make the difference between encountering and avoiding the HIV virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Superolateral approach to orbital tumors.

The conventional lateral approach to the orbit (Krönlein) does not allow a satisfactory view of the superior part of the orbit and the operative field is rather narrow. Therefore, large tumors which have developed not only laterally but also superiorly are usually approached transcranially. The craniotomy and exposure of the dura may be avoided when the tumor does not extend too far posteriorly and medially, by turning a larger orbital bone flap than the Krönlein's one. This technique was described by Nakamura as "type I orbitotomy" and can be referred to as a superolateral approach. After a bicoronal skin incision, a free orbital bone flap is cut. It includes the lateral orbital rim, a large external part of the superior orbital rim, and the lateral orbital wall. From 1985 to 1990 this approach was performed on 23 patients presenting with lacrimal gland tumors in 14 cases (11 pleomorphic adenomas, 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 1 adenocarcinoma), schwannomas in 2 cases, dermoid cyst in 1 case, hydatic cyst in 1 case, cavernous hemangiomas in 2 cases, inflammatory pseudotumor in 1 case, and mucoceles in 2 cases. This superolateral approach provides a wider exposure to the superolateral orbit than the classical Krönlein's approach and avoids the drawbacks of a craniotomy. A direct incision through the eyebrow can be used for bald people or for patients in poor condition.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1993

[Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit].

Cavernous hemangioma is one of the commonest primary orbital tumors. Painless and progressive reducible unilateral proptosis causing a variable degree of hyperopia is the usual clinical presentation. The case of a 39-year-old-female patient is reported. The clinical presentation was unilateral left axial proptosis with acquired hyperopia. Imaging studies showed a well circumscribed mass in the orbit, a superior neuro-surgical approach allowed complete resection of the tumor, and histopathology revealed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tolerance of extended (28 day) continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil in advanced head and neck cancer.

Since continuous exposure increases the cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil, this agent is now commonly administered by 4-5 day continuous infusions. However Phase I studies have suggested that infusion of doses up to 450 mg/m2/day for at least 28 days may be possible. In the present study 12 patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with continuous infusion 5-Fluorouracil at starting doses of 400-450 mg/m2/day for 28 days followed by a 14 day rest period. Patients received a median of 2.5 cycles over 10 weeks for a median total 5-Fluorouracil dose of 12,700 mg/m2. One patient achieved Partial Response. Significant stomatitis (Grade II or greater) was seen more frequently than predicted from Phase I studies (8/12 patients) and was the most common cause for dose reduction. Diarrhea, emesis, palmar/plantar syndrome and skin rash were also noted. No significant myelosuppression was seen. Extremely large amounts of 5-Fluorouracil can be delivered to head and neck cancer patients by extended infusion. However due to the high frequency of stomatitis in this population, lower starting doses than those used in this study may be required.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Heparin sodium versus 0.9% sodium chloride injection for maintaining patency of indwelling intermittent infusion devices.

In a double-blind study, heparin sodium was compared with 0.9% sodium chloride injection for use in maintaining patency of indwelling devices for intermittent intravenous infusion. Adult patients who required intermittent intravenous devices were randomly assigned to receive 1 mL of a heparin sodium 100 units/mL flush solution or a 0.9% sodium chloride flush solution. Observations were recorded for each catheter, rather than for each patient. Patients were evaluated daily for the development of phlebitis. In the 160 patients for whom complete data on catheter patency were available, there were 307 observations (170 for the heparin group and 137 for the sodium chloride group). No significant difference in the duration of catheter patency or incidence of phlebitis was observed between the groups. A difference in the incidence of phlebitis could not be excluded with confidence, but inasmuch as there was no effect on duration of catheter patency, the clinical importance of this superficial venous phlebitis is questionable. The duration of patency was significantly greater in men than in women. The use of penicillins, cephalosporins, or clindamycin, alone or in combination, was significantly associated with the development of phlebitis for both treatment groups. No other factors were found to correlate with either the duration of catheter patency or incidence of phlebitis. The results of this study indicate that heparin offers no advantage over 0.9% sodium chloride injection in maintaining the patency of intermittent intravenous devices.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Orbital localization of clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses. Apropos of a case report].

Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses actually is a well identified soft tissue tumor. A primary orbital involvement is presented, with an optical and electron microscopic study. The orbital topography of such a tumor seems to be an exceptional opportunity. The histological study showed the typical pattern of this clear cell tumor. Ultrastructurally, there are not absolute specific features to establish the diagnosis, except the finding of intra-cellular melanosomes. Histogenesis has been debated for a long time between a melanotic or a synovial origin. According to present knowledge, this tumor may be attributed to a neural crest origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Corneal dysplasia].

Corneal dysplasia has been recently reported. Clinically, it is characterized by a progressive epithelial corneal opacity with pearly or greyish white coloration. Its topography may be either next to either far from the limbus. The recurrences are frequent after surgical treatment. Histologically, many aspects are described. Morphological changes affecting the cells and/or the architecture of the modified epithelium, may vary from light dysplasia to true carcinoma in situ. Some peculiar clinical conditions may coexist with corneal dysplasia, which may also be isolated. Three clinical cases are reported, with detailed pathological data. The signification of the use of the term "dysplasia" and the histogenesis are discussed, and the conclusions for treatment are drawn.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1984

[Keratomycosis and keratoplasty].

Three cases of corneal perforation in keratomycosis are reported. In the first two cases the etiological diagnosis had been made from the anatomo-pathological examination of the excised corneal buttons. The mycotic origin in the third case was known before perforation from corneal cultures. Although the prognosis of this condition is usually poor, the post-keratoplasty evolution in the three cases was uncomplicated. The authors analyse the peculiarities of corneal mycotic abscess and discuss the appropriate diagnostic approach and management. Treatment must be performed before intraocular mycotic invasion occurs, because of the poor intraocular diffusion of antifungal agents. In this case, penetrating keratoplasty is not as dangerous as previously reported; and moreover, allows simultaneous treatment of the mycosis and the anatomical and functional repair of the cornea.

Abscess↗
PubMed1980

[Orbital immunoblastosarcoma (author's transl)].

The new classifications adopted for lymphoid tumors now include a particular type of proliferative process: immunoblastosarcoma. This tumor is not a rare occurrence in the orbit, as shown by the two cases reported, and possesses sufficiently specific clinical and histologicas characteristics to justify its appearance in a separate class. The cytological and histological characteristics of the immunoblasts from which it develops are described. Tumors of this type were previously mostly included in the group of reticulosarcomas, now become obsolete because of poorly defined characteristics of the reticular cell. The prognosis is poor in spite of the chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatments proposed.

Aged↗