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Biomedical subjects

C Coates

Publications and source records attributed to C Coates.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Serum antigen(s) drive the proinflammatory T cell response in acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Immune cells and cytokines are central to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure associated with acute pancreatitis. The specific role of T cells in this response is unclear, and this study focused on evaluating T cell activation and its regulation in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples of 14 patients with acute pancreatitis were obtained within 24 h of the onset of pain, within 48 h and at 1 week. T cell expression of surface markers CD69, CD62L and CD25 was measured. The production of interleukin (IL) 10 and IL-2 in vitro in response to the superantigen Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) was assessed. Serum samples from these patients were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from volunteers in the presence or absence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA) 4 immunoglobulin, a specific inhibitor of antigen-dependent T cell activation. RESULTS: Expression of CD69 was significantly increased in CD3(+) and CD4(+) populations at 48 h and 1 week, and on CD8(+) cells at 1 week. There was a significant increase in the production of SEB-induced IL-2 compared with findings in controls, but no significant IL-10 response. Serum from patients with pancreatitis activated normal T cells. This response was abolished completely by CTLA-4. CONCLUSION: Acute pancreatitis results in the systemic activation of T cells. These cells are primed for a proinflammatory response to antigen stimulation and can be inhibited by antigen-specific T cell blockade. These data indicate that the immunoinflammatory response in acute pancreatitis is fueled by one or more serum antigens and offer prospects for further understanding of the aetiogenesis of pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Endovascular approach to abdominal aortic aneurysms limits the postoperative systemic immune response.

OBJECTIVES: endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (E-AAA) has in recent years developed as an alternative to the conventional open repair (C-AAA). Adverse outcomes following the open approach may relate to immune cell activation and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ failure but the benefits in this respect of the endovascular approach are unclear. This study evaluated this question and focused on T-cell activation and function. DESIGN: prospective clinical study. MATERIALS: twenty patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (12 C-AAA and 8 E-AAA). METHODS: peripheral T-cell expression of surface markers CD69, CD62L and CD25 in vivo and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in vitro were measured preoperatively, 24 h and 1 week postoperatively. RESULTS: there was no significant increase (p=0.23) in the incidence of SIRS in the open compared with the endovascular group. Enhanced T cell activation occurred following C-AAA and this was associated with significantly greater IL-2 production in response to SEB, with no change in IL-10 production. CONCLUSIONS: E-AAA attenuates proinflammatory T-cell changes compared with C-AAA repair. A reduction in T-cell activation and impaired responsiveness to superantigen suggests that the immunological sequelae of the endovascular approach to aneurysm repair is more favourable than after the open approach with potentially less risk of adverse outcomes. Proof of this thesis will require a larger prospective study.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease.

The prevalence of dysphagia and its relationship to the nutritional status of the subject was examined in 53 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Forty-three patients (81%) had swallowing difficulties but this was mild in most of them. The nutritional status of patients with PD was similar to that of age- and sex-matched control subjects. Disease duration and severity correlated with the severity of dysphagia. The study also identified tremor and speech disturbances as the main predictors of dysphagia in PD.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The prevalence of verbal communication disability in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Previous studies of speech dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) consisted of postal surveys, which rely on the subjective opinions of patients, or were primarily focused on the detailed assessment of impairments without addressing the disabilities resulting from them. Similarly, the impact of the communication disability on the patient's everyday life was not assessed. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of verbal communication disability in these patients, using a validated objective measurement tool. A secondary aim was to establish the patients' awareness of their disability and its impact on their lifestyle. Verbal communication disability was examined in 48 patients with PD using a modified version of the Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech Assessment Scale. Nearly two-thirds of patients had reduced intelligibility of speech but this was mild, causing no disability, in the majority of them. Two out of seven patients with severely or moderately severely reduced intelligibility of speech were unaware of their disability, and none of the patients reported that the speech difficulties interfered with their lifestyle. The study also identified some predictors of verbal communication disability in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Perception of life event stress in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. A comparison of the rating of life events by duodenal ulcer patients and community controls.

Stress is often claimed by doctors and patients to be an aetiological factor in peptic ulcer disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ulcer patients perceive that they would react more strongly than normal to life event stress. Seventy-three patients with duodenal ulcer and their sex- and age-matched controls rated 81 events for the amount of distress and life change they considered the events would cause them personally. With regard to individual events, only one difference emerged: female patients rated promotion at work significantly lower for distress than did controls, when event experience was taken into account. There was a systematic tendency for ratings of male patients to be lower than those of controls. These observations suggest that duodenal ulcer patients do not perceive that their reaction to life events would be in excess of normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Use of objective measurement in the validation of self-reported smoking in children aged 10 and 11 years: saliva thiocyanate.

This study of objective measurement of smoking behaviour reports the findings from a sample of 421 children aged 10 and 11 years from Sheffield. Saliva thiocyanate determination did not provide a satisfactory objective method of validating the self-reported smoking of children in this age group. There was a trend (non-significant) for non-smoking children from homes in which a close relative smoked to have higher concentrations of saliva thiocyanate than non-smokers from "non-smoking" homes. Prior knowledge that a scientific test predicting smoking behaviour would be taken after completion of a questionnaire on smoking increased the self-reportage of experimental smoking.

Child↗
PubMed1975

The triple pulse generator: Clinical evaluation of a new multipurpose external pulse generator.

This report describes our experience with a new, versatile battery operated, multi-purpose pulse generator especially designed for the electrophysiological investigation and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in man. The unit was constructed according to our specifications and has been clinically in 75 patients over a period of 18 months. We have found the triple pulse pacemaker safe, reliable and functioning precisely according to specifications both clinically and when repeatedly checked with a storage oscilloscope.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗