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C Collotti

Publications and source records attributed to C Collotti.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Tetanus immunity among Italians born after the introduction of mandatory vaccination of children.

In Italy systematic mandatory tetanus immunization of children started in 1968. In a national sample of 241 young males born after 1968 the prevalence of non-immune subjects was 11.2% (5.5% in the North-Centre, 15.9% in the South-Islands; p < 0.02). Comparing these data with the corresponding figure obtained in a previous study of subjects born before 1968 a significant decrease (11.2% versus 32.6%; p < 0.01) is observed. The prevalence of non-immune subjects born after 1968 is significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that observed in subjects born before 1968 by geographical area as well as by area (urban/rural) of residence. These findings indicate that the introduction of compulsory tetanus vaccination for all newborns has favourably affected the immune status of younger Italian men. However, more efforts should still be addressed to decrease regional inequalities in the delivery of health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Tetanus immunity in a partially vaccinated population of children in a district of Naples (Secondigliano).

A general opinion is that compliance with the compulsory immunization programme of children is excellent in Italy. We have studied antitetanus immunity in relation to vaccination history in a sample of 444 school children born between 1977 and 1981 in a district of Naples. Information on vaccination history was collected by interviewing the parents and validated using the official vaccination certificates. Titration of antibodies against tetanus was carried out by the immunoenzymatic method. 0.9% of our study subjects had not been vaccinated at all and only 21.2% had received 4 vaccine doses. In 18 children the presence of antitetanus antibodies was not detected; 14 of them had received one or more doses of vaccine. The lack of compliance with the vaccination programme was associated with a remarkable delay in administering the tetanus vaccine. In the population reported here, the percentage of subjects only partially covered is higher than that found in other regions of Italy.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Detection of anti-HIV antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations: the significance of antibodies to the HIV-envelope.

Four hundred and sixty-eight immunoglobulin preparations, produced between 1969 and 1989, were examined for anti-HIV antibodies by means of two competitive immunoenzymatic assays and the Western blot test. This study refers the results obtained by the three different methods. Such results show that the detection of anti-HIV antibodies in immunoglobulins may be performed on a routine basis using commercial kits intended for human sera. The meaning of the test and the role of antibodies against the HIV envelope proteins are emphasized.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1987

Year of birth, sex and residence, as "determinants" of tetanus incidence and immunity in Italy.

Regional results of a seroepidemiological study and official notification data are evaluated to describe the situation of tetanus in Italy. Tetanus incidence has been decreasing during the past years. Vaccination has been the principal means of tetanus prevention. Trend analyses for sex- and age-specific rates suggest a change of exposure, presumably linked to the transformation of the Italian society after the World War II, a higher incidence among the elderly as a function of poor coverage and vanishing immunity. Regional data show remarkable variability in prevalence of susceptible population. Reported rates by region are different. Different degrees of regional underreporting in case notification is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunity to tetanus among Italians born between 1956 and 1963.

Systematic mandatory immunization of children against tetanus begun in Italy in 1968. Preceding birth cohorts, accounting for almost 80% of present Italian population, were poorly immune or totally non-immune; around 90% of cases of tetanus occurring in Italy in recent years are observed among them. In a national sample of 4770 young males born between 1956 and 1963, about one third was not protected. Prevalence of non-immune subjects was greater in the Southern Regions and the Islands, in rural areas, among the unemployed, among the older birth cohorts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of hyperimmunization against tetanus in a national sample of 18-26 year old immune subjects in Italy.

Prevalence of tetanus hyperimmunization was estimated among 3217 immune subjects to be approximately equal to 11%. Hyperimmunization was associated with age, area of residence and health care availability. Indiscriminate administration of booster doses of tetanus vaccine could result in some areas in unnecessary revaccinations and possibly hypersensitivity reactions. The immunization policy regarding booster doses should be based on factual evidence and not on rigid recommendations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The use of an immunoenzymatic assay for the estimation of tetanus antitoxin in human sera: a comparison with seroneutralization and indirect haemagglutination.

The ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect tetanus antitoxin in human sera has been evaluated in comparison with the in vivo seroneutralization test. The results of this study, carried out on 171 serum samples, show that ELISA is a sensitive and specific in vitro test for immunity to tetanus in man; it reveals the minimum protective level of 0.01 IU/ml and is well correlated with seroneutralization. A comparison has also been made with indirect haemagglutination. Differences in specificity in low titered sera, although not statistically significant, have been observed. Reported data suggest that the ELISA may be used for the estimation of tetanus antitoxin in sero-epidemiological surveys and for clinical purposes with reliability equal--and perhaps superior--to that of IHA.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The determination of the potency of human tetanus immunoglobulins by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been adapted to the quantitation of specific tetanus antibodies in commercial preparations of human immunoglobulins. The results of the assay are compared with those obtained from the same samples tested by seroneutralization tests in vivo. Statistical analysis of the data shows good correlation between the titres obtained with the two tests. Results obtained by indirect haemagglutination are also reported. It is proposed that all interested laboratories perform the described immunoenzymatic method in vitro for a given period in parallel with the in vivo test to gain sufficient experience of this technique with a view to its use as an alternative to the in vivo test.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

The role of immunogenicity in the induction of tolerance with conjugates of arsanilic acid.

A number of azobenzenearsonate (ABA) conjugates have been prepared and tested for ability to react with antibody, to sensitize for hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity and to induce hapten-specific unresponsiveness. All conjugates tested by in vitro or in vivo methods show a capacity to react with preformed antibody. Conjugates of L-amino acid polymers are immunogenic and induce tolerance. Conjugates of D-amino acid polymers or conjugates with high density of ABA groups are nonimmunogenic and fail to induce tolerance. Since paired D- and L-polymer conjugates react comparably with preformed antibody but differ markedly in tolerance induction, it is argued that combination with an antibody-like receptor molecule on the surface of an immune-competent cell is not a sufficient condition for tolerance. The lack of effectiveness of sterically crowded conjugates as well as D-polymer conjugates argues for a preliminary biologic "processing" of antigen necessary for induction of immunity or tolerance. Such a processing event might well involve enzymatic attack on the antigen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of hyperimmunization against tetanus in Italians born after the introduction of mandatory vaccination of children with tetanus toxoid in 1968.

Systematic mandatory immunization of children against tetanus was started in Italy in 1968. Prevalence of tetanus hyperimmunization (> 5 IU/ml) was assessed among 214 immune subjects born after 1968 and found to be 17.3%. This figure is significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the 10.8% found in a previous study of subjects born before 1968. This increase is statistically significant in the Center (p < 0.01) and in the South (p < 0.05) of Italy, but not in the North. Hyperimmunization is not associated with family size (odds ratio 2.16; C. I. 95% = 0.5-7.6) or the father's years of education (odds ratio 1.83; C. I. 95% = 0.6-5.3). No difference was found between urban and rural areas of residence. Indiscriminate administration of booster doses of tetanus vaccine in hyperimmune subjects in some areas could result in unnecessary vaccinations, which can cause hypersensitivity reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of anti-HIV antibodies in preparations of human immunoglobulins. A collaborative group study.

This paper reports the results of a study organized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Rome, Italy) and carried out in collaboration with several national laboratories. Its aim was to ascertain whether diagnostic kits for detecting anti-HIV antibodies in human serum can also be used to detect the same antibodies in human immunoglobulins. Thirty-three lots of immunoglobulins supplied by six pharmaceutical companies present in Italy were examined using different procedures. On the basis of the results of this study it can be concluded that i. anti-HIV antibodies can be detected in immunoglobulins by means of commercial reagents; ii. a preliminary dilution of immunoglobulin samples should not be made; iii. Western blot method appears to be the 'reference' test; however, competitive EIA tests are equally valuable if a negative control made up of anti-HIV-negative Igs is employed; iv. Igs examination for anti-HIV antibody represents an indirect control on a correct donors' screening procedure.

Blotting, Western↗