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C Coudray

Publications and source records attributed to C Coudray.

103 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a multivitamin mineral supplement on zinc and copper status during pregnancy.

The effect of a multivitamin-mineral supplement was investigated during pregnancy according to a double-blind protocol by determining zinc and copper in maternal plasma, mononuclear and polynuclear zinc and copper at the third, sixth, eighth, and ninth months of gestation. The subjects were supplemented from the first trimester until delivery. A significant decrease was observed in plasma zinc that varied from 11.5 mumol/L to 10.8 mumol/L in the supplemented group (n = 29) and from 11 mumol/L to 10 mumol/L in the placebo group (n = 33) at 3 and 9 mo of gestation, respectively. In contrast, plasma copper levels increased in a way depending upon the stage of gestation in both groups: from 24.7 to 28.2 mumol/L in the treated group and from 24.9 to 30.9 mumol/L in the placebo group at 3 and 9 mo of gestation, respectively, but the difference was only significant in the placebo group. No difference between groups was observed in mononuclear and polynuclear zinc or copper levels. These trace elements were also determined in cord blood at delivery. There were no statistically significant differences in zinc and copper concentration found in placebo group and supplemented group. Finally, the beneficial effect of supplementation on muscular cramps and appearance of vergetures was noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of antioxidants on adriamycin-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation.

Adriamycin (25 microM) stimulated NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation about fourfold over control values. The tested antioxidants, zinc, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, and desferrioxamine (Desferal) inhibited Adriamycin-enhanced lipid peroxidation to varying degrees. Others antioxidants, e.g., glutathione, catalase, and selenium, were found to have no effects. Our in vitro studies suggest that adriamycin effect is mediated by a complex oxyradical cascade involving superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and small amounts of iron.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipid peroxidation products, and vitamin and trace element status in patients with cancer before and after chemotherapy, including adriamycin. A preliminary study.

Adriamycin is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of human neoplastic diseases. A major side effect limiting the use of this drug is its toxic effect on the heart. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cardiotoxicity of Adriamycin. However, the most plausible hypothesis seems to be the reduction of Adriamycin and free radical production, which induces lipid peroxidation and oxidative damages in the heart. We have thus undertaken this preliminary study to investigate Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation by the measurement of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactant materials and antioxidant systems, namely glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase activity, and vitamin and trace element status, in patients with cancer before and after chemotherapy, including Adriamycin. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactant materials in plasma of patients with cancer was higher than in controls and was further increased after chemotherapy. Blood glutathione and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as plasma zinc and selenium in patients with cancer, were decreased, but not further modified by chemotherapy. However, only zinc and selenium levels reached a significant level. In contrast, plasma vitamin E and beta-carotene levels were not significantly increased in patients with cancer. Finally, plasma vitamin A and copper levels were not modified either in patients with cancer or by chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time-course of changes in plasma levels of trace elements after thrombolysis during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in humans.

It has been suggested that the injury induced by reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium could result, in part, from the cytotoxic effects of oxygen free radicals. Since various trace elements are involved in several of the reactions leading to free radical production, we have measured plasma levels of copper, zinc, selenium, and iron: 1. In 18 patients (mean age 60 yr old) subjected to thrombolytic therapy within 6 h after the onset of a myocardial infarction (G1); 2. In 16 patients with coronary artery disease, but without a history of a previous myocardial infarction (MI) (mean age 50 yr old, G2); and 3. In 50 healthy volunteers divided into two subgroups according to age (mean age 33 yr old, G3 and 55 yr old, G4). Plasma myosin levels were used to estimate quantitatively the extent of the infarcted mass. Plasma trace element levels were measured in blood samples following centrifugation and storage at -80 degrees C. The main results were as followed: In G1 patients who have been subjected to thrombolysis, an important release of myosin was measured in plasma, with a peak at D6 (1678 vs 95 microU/L at H0). In those G1 patients after MI: 1. A significant increase in plasma copper levels was observed from day 4 to day 10 postinfarction (x1.15 in reference to the baseline data at H0); 2. A decrease in plasma zinc levels was observed and was maximum 12 h after the onset of the thrombolytic treatment; 3. A decrease in selenium concentration was observed in G1, as well as in G2 patients, compared to the control groups (80% of G3 and G4 values); and 4. A significant decrease in plasma iron levels was observed in G1 (67.8% of G3 and G4 control values) and was significant from H0 to day 7 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study underlined the time-course evolution of plasma trace element levels in the followup of patients who have been subjected to thrombolysis following a MI and the potential prognostic implication of such variations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ischemia/reperfusion sequence on cytosolic iron status and its release in the coronary effluent in isolated rat hearts.

The hypothesis that oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury has received a lot of support. In the presence of catalytic amounts of transition metals such as iron, superoxide anions, and hydrogen peroxide can be transformed into a highly reactive hydroxyl radical .OH (Haber-Weiss reaction). In view of this, we have undertaken this study to investigate whether iron is involved in the reperfusion syndrome and therefore could aggravate free radicals injury. Coronary effluent iron concentrations and cardiac cytosolic iron levels were evaluated in rat hearts subjected to an ischemia/reperfusion sequences. In the case of total ischemia, iron concentration in coronary effluents peaked immediately in the first sample collected upon reperfusion. However, in the case of partial ischemia, iron concentration in coronary effluents peaked rather exclusively during ischemia period. Cardiac cytosolic iron level augmented significantly after 30 min of total ischemia and non significantly in the other ischemia protocols compared to perfused control hearts. It also appears that the iron released is not protein-bound, and could therefore have a marked catalytic activity. The results of the present study suggest that in the oxygen paradox, iron plays an important role in inducing alterations during reoxygenation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a new family of iron chelators. Comparison with desferrioxamine.

Catechol derived siderophores are the most powerful currently known iron chelators. We have intended tripodal ligands built with o,o' dihydroxy biaryl subunits (A, B, and C). We described antioxidant properties of this new family of iron chelators. Superoxide-dependent hydroxyl radical system was used. Peroxidation of different lipid-containing systems (liposomes, erythrocyte membrane ghosts, tissue homogenates) were also investigated. The antioxidant properties of these new chelators have been related to that of desferrioxamine as a reference compound. In general manner, the results depended mainly on the model used in the assay. However, C presents an antioxidant effect close to that of desferrioxamine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On 30 cases of naso-pharyngeal fibromas (author's transl)].

The authors report their experiments in the diagnosis and treatment of naso-pharyngeal fibromas. They point out:--the usefulness of tomo-densitometric and arteriographic examinations; but they are concerned by the neurological dangers of embolization;--the usefulness of surgical treatment in this condition, usually done by the infralabial route, in the Rouge-Denker technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of oestrone on the natural killer (NK) cell activity, antioxidant status and tumour growth in athymic mice xenografted with human tumours.

Natural killer (NK) cells have been described as being very sensitive to oxidative stress. Thus it has been previously shown that chronic administration of oestrone in drinking water of athymic mice xenografted with a wide variety of human tumours, increases their growth and development. In this study an investigation was made to see whether oestrone supplementation could influence the NK cell activity by changes in the antioxidant defences which result in an oxidative stress and influence the proliferation of tumours. Supplementary oestrone was administered in drinking water of athymic mice xenografted with two different human tumours which lack oestrogen receptors: a bladder carcinoma and a small-cell lung carcinoma. The growth of the urothelial carcinoma was poorly affected by oestrone, but oestrone significantly (p<0.01) increased the proliferation of the small-cell lung carcinoma. The average uterus weight was increased by 62% in oestrone treated mice with no modifications in plasma zinc and selenium status, nor in erythrocyte copper zinc superoxide dismutase level. Nevertheless a slight decrease in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was noted. Trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in liver homogenates remained unchanged. Oestrone treatment also had no effect on plasma and liver lipid peroxides. The immune response was evaluated by measuring NK activity of splenocytes against 51Cr labelled YAC-I target cells. A 35.5% decrease in the NK activity (p<0.001) was observed after oestrone treatment and may be responsible for graft tolerance. However, the results of these experiments seem to exclude the role of oxidative stress in the modulation of NK activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation by selenium supplementation of lipid peroxidation induced by chronic administration of adriamycin in rats.

Adriamycin (doxorubicin) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat various cancers; however, its chronic use is accompanied by cardiotoxicity. Previous results suggested that free radical formation may contribute to Adriamycin toxicity. Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity was examined in rats maintained on either standard or selenium-supplemented diets. Adriamycin was administered intraperitoneally; the cumulative dose was 15 mg/kg body weight. Selenium status, glutathione peroxidase activities, vitamin E, and MDA contents were determined on red blood cell (RBC) and cardiac homogenates. RBC selenium levels and selenium glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased in selenium-supplemented animals compared with control or placebo groups. However, Adriamycin-treated rats showed a significant decrease in RBC selenium and selenium glutathione peroxidase compared with the placebo group. Moreover, treatment with Adriamycin increased RBC MDA content, which was attenuated by the selenium supplementation. In parallel, RBC vitamin E decreased markedly in the Adriamycin-treated group and was totally restored by selenium supplementation. Cardiac biochemical analyses confirmed the blood results. Thus, a free radical mechanism does contribute to Adriamycin cardiotoxicity, and shows the importance of balancing selenium levels in Adriamycin-treated subjects to limit Adriamycin's action. A decrease in Adriamycin cardiotoxicity with no concomitant decrease in its antineoplastic activity would considerably improve the therapeutic benefit of the drug.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral selenium supplementation in rats reduces cardiac toxicity of adriamycin during ischemia and reperfusion.

The aim of the present study was to assess whether an 8-wk oral selenium supplementation (standard food enriched with 2500 micrograms Se/kg) in rats might prevent the cardiotoxicity of adriamycin (ADR) treatment. ADR was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally twice weekly for 3 wk. One week after the end of ADR treatment, rats (n = 10 per group) were killed and their hearts were perfused on a Langendorff mode and subjected to a 30-min period of low-flow ischemia (residual flow = 0.1 ml/min) followed by reperfusion (15 min). The results were as follows: 1) selenium supplementation significantly increased the activity of cardiac mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in ADR-treated rats (control: 206 +/- 17.4 IU/g protein; Se: 277 +/- 24.5 IU/g protein, p < 0.05); 2) selenium supplementation reduced myocardial malondialdehyde content in ADR-treated rats (control: 1220 +/- 49.1 nmol/g protein; Se: 1010 +/- 75.9 nmol/g protein; p < 0.05); and 3) ADR treatment significantly increased the degree of reperfusion-induced structural alterations to sarcomeres compared to untreated hearts. Again, this phenomenon was abolished by selenium supplementation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that selenium supplementation is able to limit ADR cardiotoxicity in isolated rat hearts submitted to a sequence of ischemia/reperfusion.

Animals↗