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C Coyne

Publications and source records attributed to C Coyne.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Microsatellite marker polymorphism and mapping in pea (Pisum sativum L.).

This paper aims at providing reliable and cost effective genotyping conditions, level of polymorphism in a range of genotypes and map position of newly developed microsatellite markers in order to promote broad application of these markers as a common set for genetic studies in pea. Optimal PCR conditions were determined for 340 microsatellite markers based on amplification in eight genotypes. Levels of polymorphism were determined for 309 of these markers. Compared to data obtained for other species, levels of polymorphism detected in a panel of eight genotypes were high with a mean number of 3.8 alleles per polymorphic locus and an average PIC value of 0.62, indicating that pea represents a rather polymorphic autogamous species. One of our main objectives was to locate a maximum number of microsatellite markers on the pea genetic map. Data obtained from three different crosses were used to build a composite genetic map of 1,430 cM (Haldane) comprising 239 microsatellite markers. These include 216 anonymous SSRs developed from enriched genomic libraries and 13 SSRs located in genes. The markers are quite evenly distributed throughout the seven linkage groups of the map, with 85% of intervals between the adjacent SSR markers being smaller than 10 cM. There was a good conservation of marker order and linkage group assignment across the three populations. In conclusion, we hope this report will promote wide application of these markers and will allow information obtained by different laboratories worldwide in diverse fields of pea genetics, such as QTL mapping studies and genetic resource surveys, to be easily aligned.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2003

Construction of a HindIII Bacterial Artificial Chromosome library and its use in identification of clones associated with disease resistance in chickpea.

A chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library from germplasm line, FLIP 84-92C, was constructed to facilitate positional cloning of disease resistance genes and physical mapping of the genome. The BAC library has 23,780 colonies and was calculated to comprise approximately 3.8 haploid-genome equivalents. Studies on 120 randomly chosen clones revealed an average insert size of 100 kb and no empty clones. Colony hybridization using the RUBP carboxylase large subunit as a probe resulted in a very low percentage of chloroplast DNA contamination. Two clones with a combined insert size of 200 kb were isolated after the library was screened with a Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) marker, Ta96, which is tightly linked to a gene ( Foc3) for resistance to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) race 3 at a genetic distance of 1 cM. Also, these two clones were analyzed with several resistance gene analog (RGA) markers. End sequencing of these clones did not identify repetitive sequences. The development of the BAC library will facilitate isolation of Foc3 and allow us to perform physical mapping of this genomic region where additional R genes against other races of the wilt causing pathogen are positioned.

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Biochemical mechanisms that interact with membrane-associated IL-1 RII (60-kDa decoy) receptors in populations of adherent macrophages and vascular endothelium.

The aim of this investigation was to identify the potential biochemical mechanisms that alter the integrity of membrane-associated IL-1 RII (decoy) receptor complexes expressed by populations of adherent macrophages and vascular endothelium. The initial research strategy utilized to achieve this objective involved delineating the ability of macrophage activation or exposure of macrophages and vascular endothelium to a spectrum of enzyme proteases to influence the expression of membrane-associated IL-1 RII (decoy) or generate soluble fragments of this receptor complex. Results from these investigations revealed that stimulated macrophages displayed proportional increases in both the expression of membrane-associated IL-1 RII (decoy) and release of soluble receptor fragments. Exposure of macrophages and vascular endothelium to the reference proteases discovered the ability of cathepsin-D to biochemically deplete membrane-associated IL-1 RII (decoy) in addition to generating soluble fragments of this receptor complex. Complementary investigations isolated a carboxyl/aspartate protease from activated macrophages utilizing pepstatin-A affinity chromatography. Exposure of vascular endothelium to pepstatin-A binding proteins resulted in a detectable depletion of membrane-associated IL-1 RII (decoy) and generation of soluble receptor fragments. Evaluation of pepstatin-A binding proteins by SDS-PAGE identified a primary protein fraction with a molecular mass of 47-52 kDa that closely correlates with the known molecular size of leukocyte cathepsin-D fractions. Macrophage pepstatin-A binding protein fractions evaluated by nondenaturing haemoglobin-substrate PAGE (Hb-PAGE) analysis detected a lucent proteolytic band at 47-52 kDa. Macrophage pepstatin-A binding proteins also hydrolyzed a synthetic enzyme-specific substrate that selectively recognizes cathepsin-D biochemical activity. In conclusion, the leukocyte carboxyl/aspartate protease cathepsin-D can biochemically alter the integrity and generate soluble fragments of membrane-associated IL-1 RII (60-kDa decoy) receptor complexes expressed by macrophages and vascular endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Green fluorescent proteins with short half-lives as reporters in Dictyostelium discoideum.

We describe two modifications of the popular reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) which have short half-lives in our system, the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. One of these bears an N-terminal ubiquitin; this GFP was originally planned to be a substrate of the "N-end-rule" pathway, but deubiquitination does not seem to occur, and a degradation by the UFD (ubiquitin-fusion-degradation pathway seems more probable. The protein half-life is about 3-5 h. The second construct has an N-terminus derived from the L11 ribosomal protein; it is transported to the nucleus and broken down much more rapidly than the ubiquitin fusion (protein half-life about 30 min). We show examples of the use of these reporters in the study of gene expression in Dictyostelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Breast and cervical cancer screening interventions: an assessment of the literature.

An extensive body of intervention research to promote breast and cervical cancer screening has accumulated over the last three decades, but its coverage and comprehensiveness have not been assessed. We evaluated published reports of these interventions and propose a framework of critical elements for authors and researchers to use when contributing to this literature. We identified all articles describing breast and cervical cancer screening interventions published between January 1960 and May 1997 in the United States and abstracted specified critical elements in the broad areas of: (a) needs assessment; (b) intervention study design; and (c) analysis methods and study outcomes from each article using a template developed for that purpose. Fifty-eight studies met our criteria for inclusion. Thirty-eight focused exclusively on breast cancer screening, 7 promoted cervical cancer screening, and 13 were designed to promote screening for both cancers. The amount of detail reported varied among the 58 studies. All studies reported the outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention, yet only 40% of the studies reported the investigators' original hypotheses or research questions. Needs assessment data were reported in 84% of the studies. Data sources ranged from national surveys to local intervention baseline surveys. Population characteristics reported also varied, with most studies reporting age and race of the study population (78 and 71%, respectively), and fewer studies reporting income and education (53 and 38%, respectively). As the field of behavioral intervention research progressed, we found that more recent studies included and reported many of the parameters we had identified as critical. If this trend continues, it will enhance the reproducibility of studies, enable comparisons between interventions, and provide a reference point for measuring progress in this area. To facilitate this trend toward uniform reporting, we propose an evaluative framework of critical elements for authors to use when developing and reporting their research. The comprehensive assessment of literature that this article provides should be useful background to investigators planning and reporting cancer control interventions, to funding agencies choosing and guiding quality research, and to publishers to help them enhance the quality and utility of their publications.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Effect of cryptorchidism on testicular histology in a naturally cryptorchid animal model.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of naturally occurring cryptorchidism on testicular histology in both the cryptorchid and normally descended testis from birth to adulthood using the LE/ORL rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testicular histology was assessed using established morphometric measures in bilaterally descended (BD), unilaterally descended (UD), bilaterally cryptorchid (BC) and unilaterally cryptorchid (UC) testis at days 15, 22, 30, 45 and 60 of age. Testicular mass was also measured at these times. RESULTS: Changes in testicular histology in the BC and UC testes were not noted on or prior to day 30 of age. Significant changes were noted by day 45 of age and continued into adulthood at day 60 of age. There were no histological abnormalities noted in the UD and BD groups. CONCLUSIONS: Since histological changes seen in this animal model occur after the time of testicular descent (day 28 of age), we hypothesize that these changes are due to an abnormal anatomical position of the testis as opposed to an inherent testicular defect in the LE/ORL rat. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that no histological differences were noted between the scrotal testes of unilaterally cryptorchid animals and bilaterally descended control animals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of peripheral temperature measurements with core temperature.

The authors' objective of this study was to identify a peripheral method of measuring body temperature that approximates core body temperature. A cross-sectional design was used to compare peripheral measures of body temperature with core temperature. Peripheral temperatures were measured in the ear using two infrared thermometers, in the mouth using a mercury in glass thermometer, electronic thermometer, and chemical indicator thermometer, in the axilla using a mercury in glass thermometer, electronic thermometer, and chemical indicator thermometer, and in the rectum using a mercury in glass thermometer and electronic thermometer. A statistically significant difference was found between peripheral temperature measures and core temperature, except for the axillary chemical indicator temperature and both aural temperatures. Pearson correlation coefficients of > or = 0.79 were found for the association of pulmonary artery temperatures with oral mercury, oral electronic, axillary electronic, rectal mercury, and rectal electronic temperatures. Correlation coefficients were less than 0.20 between pulmonary artery and aural temperatures measured by both devices. Based on results from this study, there is no perfect instrument for approximating core temperature, although the electronic thermometer used orally has a low mean difference (0.18 degree C), low standard deviation of the difference (0.24 degree C), and a correlation coefficient of 0.79.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Genomic organization, nucleotide sequence, biophysical properties, and localization of the voltage-gated K+ channel gene KCNA4/Kv1.4 to mouse chromosome 2/human 11p14 and mapping of KCNC1/Kv3.1 to mouse 7/human 11p14.3-p15.2 and KCNA1/Kv1.1 to human 12p13.

A genomic clone encoding the Shaker-related potassium channel gene, Kcna4/mKv1.4, was isolated from mice. Its coding region is contained in a single exon, encodes a protein of 654 amino acids, and shares approximately 91% nucleotide sequence identity with human KCNA4/hKv1.4. We show that 0.8 kb of the 5' noncoding region (NCR), the entire protein coding region (approximately 2.0 kb), and all of the known 3' NCR (approximately 1.1 kb) are contained within a single exon; the remaining 0.5 kb of the 5' NCR is separated from this exon by a 3.4-kb intron. The sequenced genomic region thus accounts for essentially all of the longest known transcript (4.5 kb), although the precise ends of this transcript have not been defined. The 3' NCR contains several ATTTA and ATTTG motifs that are thought to destabilize mRNAs, and these are also present in rat, bovine, and human Kcna4/Kv1.4 cDNAs. It also contains three conserved polyadenylation signals, alternate utilization of which could generate mRNAs of differing stabilities. The 5' NCR of Kcna4/mKv1.4 may also serve to regulate channel expression. This region is approximately 85% identical to KCNA4/hKv1.4 and contains eight consensus translation start sites [(G, A)NNATG] that, based on the 5'-3' scanning model, would lead to a lowering of translational efficiency. The shortest Kcna4/Kv1.4 transcript (2.4 kb) can contain at most 400 bp of NCR and should lack the 3' ATTTAs and most of the 5' ATGs; this transcript might therefore exhibit increased stability and translational efficiency. The Kcna4/mKv1.4 channel exhibited biophysical and pharmacological properties indistinguishable from its rat and human homologues. Kcna4/mKv1.4 lies on mouse chromosome 2, near the Fshb locus, and in humans on the proximal half of chromosome 11p14 near human FSHB. Another K+ channel gene, Kcnc1/mKv3.1, lies approximately 1.8 cM from the Myod-1 gene on mouse chromosome 7, and in situ hybridization localizes KCNC1/hKv3.1 to the homologous region on human chromosome 11p14.3-p15.2. A third gene, KCNA1/hKv1.1, was mapped to human 12p13.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Controlled trial of backrest elevation after coronary angiography.

BACKGROUND: Protocol at most centers requires keeping the head of the bed flat for at least 5.5 hours after coronary angiography. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of head of bed elevation after diagnostic coronary angiography on patient comfort and on the incidence and timing of postprocedural complications. METHODS: A convenience sample of 120 adult patients on the short-stay special procedures nursing unit of a university teaching hospital was used. Patients who had undergone elective diagnostic coronary angiography via the femoral artery were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group. The control group had the head of bed maintained at 15 degrees or less for 5.5 hours after the procedure. The experimental group had the head of bed gradually elevated from 15 degrees to 60 degrees over the 5.5 hours. Both groups dangled and ambulated after 5.5 hours. All other aspects of the procedure were identical. Outcome was measured by incidence and timing of dizziness, hypotension, bleeding, hematoma, and diminished foot pulses. Level of pain was assessed on a scale of 0 to 10. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in the incidence of complications. The incidence of back pain at a level of more than 3 on a scale of 0 to 10 was less for the experimental group than for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of the head of the bed after coronary angiography decreases discomfort with no increase in complications. Replication of this study is needed for verification.

Beds↗
PubMed1987

A system for unit-based monitors of quality of nursing care.

A system of unit-based monitors designed to assess selected factors in quality of nursing care specific to an individual nursing unit is described. The advantages of unit monitors as a means of involving staff nurses in improving quality of care are discussed. These include greater involvement and commitment in problem solving as staff nurses participate in designing and implementing a monitor specific to their unit.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499↗
PubMed1983

Muscle tension and its relation to symptoms in the premenstruum.

Muscle tension as a function of sympathetic arousal may play a causal or contributory role in symptomatology in the premenstruum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether women exhibit an increase in muscle tension in the premenstrual phase over that in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and whether the incidence and severity of premenstrual symptoms were associated with premenstrual muscle tension. A sample of 22 women with variable levels of predicted premenstrual symptomatology was chosen. A report of symptoms was obtained in the premenstrual and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. Frontalis and trapezius muscle tension levels also were obtained during these cycle phases, during relaxation, and during focus on an emotional image. A difference was found in the subjects' premenstrual and follicular phase frontalis electromyogram (EMG) levels both in the initial relaxation period and while focusing on an emotional image. A significant positive correlation was found between the premenstrual physiologic symptoms women predicted they would have and the premenstrual frontalis EMG levels measured during relaxation. The results suggest that training in muscle tension reduction may benefit premenstrual symptoms.

Adult↗