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Biomedical subjects

C D Franklin

Publications and source records attributed to C D Franklin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A survey of oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens submitted by general dental practitioners over a 30-year period.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the range and frequency of diagnoses in specimens submitted for histopathological examination by general dental practitioners (GDPs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out of all cases submitted by GDPs for the period 1974-2003, using a Foxpro Windows database. The data were collated into 10 diagnostic categories each comprising number of diagnoses, percentage of each diagnosis within a diagnostic category and each diagnosis as a percentage of total cases. RESULTS: GDPs submitted 6,666 cases out of a total of 53,474 for this period. While the total number of specimens increased four-fold over the 30-year period, specimens from GDPs increased from 7% to 17%. The range of diagnoses increased from 18 to 45. Of the 617 GDPs who submitted material, 279 (45%) submitted less than two specimens each in 30 years. Nine malignant neoplasms were diagnosed. Other significant pathology included 320 benign neoplasms as well as diagnoses ranging from mucosal lesions such as lichen planus to odontogenic cysts. CONCLUSIONS: It is clear that GDPs have provided an increased number of biopsy specimens over the last three decades. This reflects an increasing demand by GDPs for a diagnostic oral histopathology service and their use of this service should be encouraged.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2006

An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in children over a 30-year period.

AIM: The vast majority of oral diseases are confined to oral tissues, but numerous underlying systemic conditions may present with signs and symptoms within the oral cavity. Since the epidemiology of diseases is variable between regions, the authors carried out Europe's first paediatric-based survey of oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens submitted for diagnosis. DESIGN: All entries for specimens from children between the ages of 0 and 16 years during the 30-year period from 1973 to 2002 were retrieved and compiled into 12 diagnostic categories. RESULTS: During the study period, 4406 (8.2%) specimens came from children between the ages of 0 and 16 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.01. The diagnostic category with the largest number of specimens was tooth pathology (22.1%), followed by salivary gland disease (19.1%) and mucosal pathology (12.1%). In all, there were 114 benign tumours of nonodontogenic origin, 43 odontogenic tumours and 31 malignant tumours. The most frequently diagnosed lesions were mucous extravasation cysts, which accounted for over 16% of cases. Periapical pathology in the form of a radicular cyst, residual cyst or chronic periapical granuloma formed almost 13% of all cases. CONCLUSIONS: This survey shows that, while nearly 10% of specimens submitted to the authors' laboratory are from children under 16 years of age, the majority of lesions are of a benign nature, requiring minimal intervention; less than 1% of cases comprise malignant lesions. Odontogenic tumours are relatively rare in this age group; however, certain lesions such as adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and ameloblastic fibroma occur predominantly in children and, therefore, remain an important diagnostic consideration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in adults over a 30-year period.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the range of histologically diagnosed lesions in 44,000 oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens, from adults 17 years and older, submitted for diagnosis to our laboratory over a 30-year period (1973-2002). MATERIALS: All entries for specimens from the patients were retrieved and compiled into 12 diagnostic categories. RESULTS: During the period, 44,007 specimens comprised a male-to-female ratio of 0.9:1. The diagnostic category with the largest number of specimens was mucosal pathology (36.0%) followed by odontogenic cysts (13.8%). Malignant tumours accounted for 5.4% of all specimens and benign tumours 4.6%. CONCLUSION: This survey showed that while the majority of diagnoses are benign, approximately one in 19 cases required major head and neck surgery for malignant disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Range and demographics of odontogenic cysts diagnosed in a UK population over a 30-year period.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the range of all histologically diagnosed odontogenic cysts along with age range, sex distribution and site of presentation over a 30-year period. METHODS: All entries for odontogenic cysts occurring during 1975-2004 inclusive were retrieved and analysed for demographic data. RESULTS: A total of 55,446 specimens were received, of these 7121 (12.8%) specimens were diagnosed as odontogenic cysts. Radicular cyst was the most common diagnosis (52.3%), followed by dentigerous cyst (18.1) and odontogenic keratocysts (11.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides demographic data on a large series of odontogenic cysts in a European population. This is one of the largest series reported to date. Cysts such as the paradental cyst have a predilection for certain ages, sexes and sites. Odontogenic keratocysts and glandular odontogenic cysts have a marked propensity to recur as well as behave aggressively. It is essential that such lesions are detected as early as possible to minimize any necessary surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The role of postgraduate dental deans.

Postgraduate Dental Deans commission and manage the delivery of postgraduate dental and medical education and training for dental practitioners. They are charged with developing and quality assuring opportunities for trainees in primary and secondary care so that they can reach their full potential, and must work with local organisations to ensure that sufficient training places are available to meet the future needs of the NHS. Postgraduate dental deans influence training opportunities and standards in NHS Trusts as well as dental vocational training practices. They also play a role in developing national policies on postgraduate dental education and implement new initiatives. Their roles cover modernising dental careers, national and international recruitment and retention in primary and secondary care. They are involved in leading the development of the dental workforce, including professions complementary to dentistry as well as managing the provision and quality assurance of CPD for general practitioners. They also provide support for doctors and dentists facing difficult situations.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of the T-cell receptor Valpha repertoire and cytokine gene expression in Sjögren's syndrome.

The antigen receptor diversity of pathogenic T cells in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) may have important implications in the development of the disease; cytokines from these cells and other sources also play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Using a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we have attempted to correlate the presence of restriction in the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire with cytokine profiles. We have analysed TCR V alpha family usage, and the expression of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in labial biopsies from 12 patients with SS and compared these with samples from three patients with chronic sialadenitis (CS). Only one of the SS biopsies showed evidence of V alpha restriction (three out of 18 gene families). Apart from this, expression patterns were similar in both patient groups. Four of the 12 SS samples demonstrated a 'limited heterogeneity' of the V alpha repertoire with 3-4 families predominantly expressed, in particular V alpha1 and V alpha3. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were unrestricted. The cytokine profiles of the SS and CS biopsies were generally similar. However both IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha were absent from CS, but present in SS samples. The expression of IFN-gamma in the majority of the samples, together with a lack of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA, suggests the predominance of a Th1 response in SS. There was no clear association between the repertoire of V alpha genes expressed and the cytokine profile observed. However, the V alpha restriction in one SS sample did correspond with a limited diversity of cytokines detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Giant cell arteritis--a case report.

Giant cell arteritis is a serious condition, requiring immediate treatment. A case illustrating the difficulties of diagnosis is presented, together with a discussion of the management.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A clinical and histopathological study of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were (i) to objectively assess the histopathological features in TMJ condylar head specimens to correlate the findings with clinical information obtained from pathology request forms and hospital notes (ii) to analyse the pre- and post operative investigation and management of patients with TMJ-OA. DESIGN: A retrospective histological analysis of 136 specimens using a semi-quantitative scoring system. SUBJECTS: 132 patients with TMJ-OA in Trent Hospital Region (mean age 34: range 14-71) provided 136 condylar heads. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 11 histological parameters were assessed. The global scores obtained were compared with the clinical data. RESULTS: There was no clear correlation between histology and pre- and post-operative clinical data. 95% of patients were treated for at least 6 months before surgery and 94% had pain before surgery. Postoperatively, the success rate was 58% (35% painfree and 23% still in pain but better than before surgery). Non-surgical treatments were not used routinely after surgery. Only 62% of the patients were followed up for at least one year after surgery. 61% of the patients were reported to have macroscopic degenerative changes at surgery whilst all had microscopic OA. CONCLUSION: The mean age of patients presenting with TMJ-OA is younger (M = 31/F = 34) than in some studies while there is still a female preponderance for the disease. Tomograms and arthrograms appear to have a higher specificity than orthopantomograms for diagnosing gross degenerative change. There appears to be a need for a standardised management protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Combined SHO and Masters programme in Sheffield.

In August 1995, the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital in Sheffield is to launch a new training programme for junior hospital dentists. It comprises a combined SHO post and Masters degree course over 2 years. This article outlines and explains how the Sheffield scheme has been designed to embrace recent developments in training and education in the NHS.

Dental Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1993

Allergy to octyl gallate causing stomatitis.

Octyl gallate is an antioxidant (European Community number 311). It is used as a preservation agent in a wide variety of foods and other non-dietary substances. We report a case of a 49-year-old female with a 10-year history of 'burning mouth' and clinical erythema of the tongue, who, after investigation, proved to be allergic to octyl gallate. Management with an exclusion diet proved effective in both controlling the burning sensation and resolving the erythema of the tongue.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1992

The aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and changing pattern of infective endocarditis, with a note on prophylaxis.

Infective endocarditis remains a life-threatening condition, although the number of deaths due to this disease has fallen by 80% over the past 50 years. Dental undergraduate and postgraduate teaching rightly emphasises the use of prophylactic antibiotics for those patients most at risk of developing the condition. However, the types of patients at risk have also changed with the increased use of antibiotics and availability of heart surgery. While oral microorganisms may be incriminated in infective endocarditis, causal organisms arise from a number of other sites and in many cases the portal of entry is unknown. It is now thought that the proportion of cases that are apparently dentally related is probably smaller than previously believed. This article concentrates on the mechanisms by which this disease occurs, an area which is often poorly understood by undergraduates and postgraduates alike. An extract is included from the Lancet, which provides the most recent recommendations for endocarditis prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoma of the male breast metastatic to the mandible.

A case is reported of male breast carcinoma which, among other bony sites, metastasized to the mandible. This case and the review of the literature illustrate the need to include the mandible in bone scans for metastatic disease in breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1987

The effect of indomethacin on tumor regression in DMBA-induced epithelial neoplasia of hamster cheek pouch mucosa.

Tumors were allowed to develop in the cheek pouches in two groups of hamsters following topical application three times per week of a 0.5% solution of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) in liquid paraffin administered for 10 weeks. Two control groups received no DMBA treatment. After carcinogen application, the animals in one DMBA-treated group and those in one of the control groups were given indomethacin daily; this was administered through the oral route for an additional 10 weeks. At this time, all of the animals were killed and their cheek pouches, the draining cervical lymph nodes, and other organs were removed for examination. The number and size of tumors in each pouch were recorded, and each pouch was weighed. Indomethacin, in the dosage administered, was not found to cause regression of established tumors. The effects of prostaglandins, indomethacin, and other prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors in tumor tissue are discussed. It is suggested that more knowledge is needed about the role of prostaglandins, and the related products of AA metabolism, in squamous cell cancer before indomethacin is used therapeutically.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1986

Demodex infestation of oral mucosal sebaceous glands.

An unusual case of oral infestation with the hair mite Demodex is presented. The parasites were observed in enlarged ectopic sebaceous glands following biopsy. From a review of the literature, it would appear that oral involvement has not been reported previously.

Aged↗